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Entropi Bakış Açısıyla Termodinamiğin Kıyamet Senaryosu Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 7 – 16, 30.06.2024
Ünal Çamdalı
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1433382
Öz Thermodynamics is the most basic energy science. It is derived from the words thermal (heat) and dynamic (motion). Although its laws have existed since the beginning of the universe, the development of thermodynamics as a science was with the invention of steam engines in England. These laws, as known, are the Zeroth, First, Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics. These are four macro laws and they were determined based on observation. They are not the product of theoretical thought. Zeroth Law reveals the basic structure of temperature measurement, based on the principle that if two different systems are in thermal equilibrium separately with a third system, there must be thermal equilibrium between them. The First and Second Laws are the fundamental laws regarding energy. The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, and the second law, also known as the law of entropy, along with explaining the principles of energy conversion; also make a significant contribution to understand the functioning mechanism of the universe. The Third Law states that as chemically homogeneous and perfectly crystalline substances approach absolute zero temperature (273 C, 0 K), their entropy (or entropy changes) will also approach zero; in other words, it states that there can be no disorder or movement in the substances in question at this temperature. It is also important that thermodynamics science has a wide range of applications, from technical fields to philosophy, therefore it is known by large masses. Because its laws are among the most fundamental laws of the universe, in other words it is universal. Laws are noteworthy for the establishment, operation and analysis of engineering and many other systems, as well as for understanding the order of the universe. Additionally, some cosmologists strive to explain the order and functioning mechanism of the universe by making use of the laws of thermodynamics. Moreover, the laws of thermodynamics also give clues about the existence of the universe. Entropy, defined based on the second law of thermodynamics, is a phenomenon that gives the numerical magnitude of the disorder or complexity of a system. The more disordered or complex a system is, the greater its irreversibility and entropy will be. There is also a structure of the law that affects every system everywhere in the universe. It is not dependent on time and space. Time and space are literally subject to this law. The law has been in effect since the beginning of the universe and it will continue to exist as long as the universe exists. Because universe means system; system means mechanism; mechanism means a structure that works according to the sovereignty of laws. Energy is needed to sustain life. Even though energy is not destroyed, the use of resources means that they move from a certain potential to a dead state (environment) as a result of the law of entropy. This process is valid for all systems in the universe. While all energies are processed through this process, living creatures in nature experience a similar process as they move from life to death. Eventually, all energy sources in the universe will go to the environment and become dead. This situation can be described as the entropy apocalypse of the universe. The concept of the apocalypse also reflects chaotic conditions such as noise and turmoil. Sources state that a cosmically stagnant situation will occur before the apocalypse. This is the cosmic dead state of the universe. In this study, an attempt was made to establish a relationship between entropy and doomsday by using the laws of Thermodynamics. In this context, the fact that the end of the universe is similar to the point where the entropy apocalypse will occur, as expressed in the doomsday scenario in religious literature (including the Religion of Islam), is tried to be explained on the plane of science and religion.
Anahtar Kelimeler Entropy, Entropy Doomsday, Thermodynamics, Doomsday, Analogy
Kaynakça Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1995. Büyüktür, Ahmet Rasim. Termodinamik. Cilt I. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1982. Cankoçak, Kerem. “Evrenin Evrimi Kuarkların Kendiliğinden Macerasında Simetri ve Simetri Kırınımı”, Cogito Yapı Kredi Yayınları-Üç Aylık Düşünce Dergisi 60-61 (2009), 139-154. Çamdalı, Ünal – Tunç, Murat. “Energy and Exergy Efficiencies for Society”, Journal of the Energy Institute 81/2 (Haziran 2008), 118-122. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Entropi Açısından Pascal Oyunu”, Pascal Oyunu: Hz. Ali, Gazzali ve Pascal'a Göre Ahirete Zar Atmak, haz. Mehmet Bayrakdar. 111-121. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 6. Basım, 2023. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Pascal’ın Oyunu Bayrakdar’ın Yorumu: Termodinamik Zeminde”, Türkiye’de İslam Felsefesi: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bayraktar’a Armağan, ed. Mehmet Vural. 141-151. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2022. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Termodinamik ve Sosyal Sistemlerin Yakın Çevre İlişkilerindeki İlginç Benzeşim, Değişim ve Bir Sonuç-Bir Ümit”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 67/2, (Şubat 2012), 213-221. Çengel, Yunus A. – Boles, Michael A. Termodinamik Mühendislik Yaklaşımıyla, Çeviri Editörü Ali Pınarbaşı, İzmir: Güven Bilimsel, 5. Basım 2008. Eddington, Artgur Stanley. The Nature of the Physical World, Macmillan Company, (1929). (Erişim 27 Şubat 2024). http://archive.org/stream/natureofphysical00edd#page/n5/mode/2up. Guillen, Michael. Dünyayı Değiştiren Beş Denklem, TÜBİTAK Yayınları, 14.Basım, Haziran 2018. Gündüz, Mustafa. “Sosyal Yaşam ve Entropi Yasası: Dünyanın Sonuna mı Yaklaştık?, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 20/1, (2006), 345-355. (Erişim 27 Şubat 2024). http://e-dergi.atauni.edu.tr/index.php/IIBD/article/viewFile/3685/3514 Hocaoğlu, Durmuş. “Termodinamiğin İkinci Kanunu ve Entropi”, (2008). (Erişim 2 Nisan 2024). https://www.academia.edu/download/32596003/DHocaoglu_652__DERS_NOTU_FIZIK_Termodinamigin_IInci_Kanunu_ve_Entropi_Edisyon_2.pdf. Huang, Weimin – Shen, Leping. “Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Development of Regional Economy Based on Research into Rough Set and Entropy Theory”, 4th International Conference On Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 1-31, Book Series: International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 10196-10199, (2008). Kakaç, Sadık. “Bilimsel Termodinamiğin Evrimi: Tarih”, Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 36/2 (2016), 1-6. Kur’ân-ı Kerim Meâli. çev. Halil Altıntaş – Muzaffer Şahin. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 3. Basım, 2009. Rifkin, Jeremy – Ted Howard. Entropi Dünyaya Yeni Bir Bakış, çev. Hakan Okay, İstanbul: Ağaç Yayıncılık, 1992. Serway, Reymond A. – Beichner, Robert J. Fen ve Mühendislik için Fizik: Modern Fizik 3, Çeviri Editörü Prof. Dr. Kemal Çolakoğlu, Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık, 2011. Tandy. Charles. “Entropy and Immortality “, Journal of Futures Studies 14(1), (August 2009), 39-50. Taslaman, Caner. “Din Felsefesi Açısından Entropi Yasası”, M.Ü. İlahiyat Fak. Dergisi 30 (2006), 89-111. Topaloğlu, Bekir. "Kıyamet", TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2022, c. 25, 516-522.
Entropi Bakış Açısıyla Termodinamiğin Kıyamet Senaryosu Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 7 – 16, 30.06.2024
Ünal Çamdalı
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1433382
Öz Termodinamik en temel enerji bilimidir. Termal (ısı) ve dinamik (devimsel) kelimelerinden türetilmiştir. Termodinamiğin yasaları; evrenin varoluşundan beri mevcut olmasına rağmen bilimin gelişiminin başlangıcı, İngiltere’deki buhar makinalarının icadından sonradır. Yasalar, sıfırdan başlayarak üçe kadar rakamlarla ifade edilmektedir. Sıfırıncı, Birinci, İkinci ve Üçüncü Yasa olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Tanımlar en temel yasadan başlayarak sıralanmıştır. Bunlar makro yasalardır ve mikro evrende de geçerlidir. Gözleme ve deneye dayalı olarak belirlenmiştir, kuramsal düşünce ürünü değildir. Sıfırıncı Yasa, sıcaklık ölçümünün temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yasa, iki farklı sistemin (veya cismin) diğer üçüncü bir sistemle (veya cisimle) ayrı ayrı ısıl dengede (aynı sıcaklıkta) olması hâlinde, kendi aralarında da ısıl dengenin kendiliğinden (doğal olarak) oluşması gerektiği gerçeğinden hareketle sıcaklık ölçümünün temel ilkesini ve geçerliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Birinci ve İkinci Yasalar, enerji ile ilgili temel yasalardır. Enerjinin Sakınımı (veya Korunumu) Yasası olarak bilinen birinci yasa ile Entropi Yasası olarak bilinen ikinci yasa, kâinattaki (toplam) enerjinin davranışı ve değişimi ile enerji dönüşümünün hangi bedelle, hangi yönde gerçekleştiğinin temel prensiplerini açıklamaktadır. Bununla birlikte kâinatın ve buna bağlı olarak maddenin (dolayısıyla eşyanın) davranış mekanizmasının anlaşılmasına da ciddi manada katkı sağlamaktadır. Üçüncü Yasa ise kimyasal olarak saf kristal yapılardaki maddelerin, mutlak sıfır sıcaklığa (273 C, 0 K) doğru yaklaştığında, entropilerinin de sıfıra yaklaşacağını; bu sıcaklıktaki söz konusu maddelerde düzensizliğin ve hareketin oluşamayacağını aksine mutlak düzen ve durağanlığın oluşacağını belirtmektedir. Termodinamik biliminin teknik alanlardan felsefeye kadar geniş bir uygulamaya sahip olması, geniş kitleler tarafından tanınmasına neden olmuştur. Termodinamiğin yasaları, evrenin en temel yasalarındandır yani evrenseldir. Bunlar, mühendislik ve diğer pek çok sistemlerin kurulması, işletilmesi ve analizi açısından olduğu kadar evrenin düzeninin ve işleyiş mekanizmasının anlaşılması açısından da önemlidir. Bu bakımdan bazı evren bilimciler; evrenin düzenini ve işleyiş mekanizmasını, termodinamiğin yasalarından yararlanarak açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Kaldı ki termodinamiğin yasaları, evrenin yaratılışı hakkında da önemli iddialar ortaya koymaktadır. Termodinamiğin ikinci yasasına göre tanımlanan entropi, aslında maddenin (eşyanın) ve enerjinin bir özelliğidir. Özellikler ise basınç, sıcaklık ve hacim gibi sistemi tanımlayan büyüklüklerdir. Entropi, bir sistemin düzensizliğini veya karmaşıklığını diğer ifadeyle kaotik durumunu gösteren nicel bir olgudur ve sayısal olarak hesapla belirlenebilmektedir. Bir sistemin düzensizliği veya karmaşıklığının derecesi ile sistemde oluşan tersinmezlikler, doğru orantılıdır. Tersinmezlikler arttıkça sistemin entropisi de benzer oranda artacaktır. Yasanın, evreni ve içindeki her sistemi etkileyen, bir yapısının olduğu da açıktır. Zamandan ve mekândan bağımsızdır. Zaman ve özellikle mekân adeta bu yasaya bağlıdır. Yasa, evrenin var oluşundan yani t=0 anından beri yürürlüktedir. Evren var olduğu sürece varlığını ve etkisini sürdürmesi beklenmektedir. Zira evren, içindeki madde ve canlılarla birlikte yasaların etkisi altında, belli bir mekanizmaya sahip, sistem veya yapı olarak tanımlanabilir. Yaşamın sürdürülmesi için enerjiye ihtiyaç vardır. Enerji yok olmasa da kaynakların kullanılması süreci, entropi yasasının sonucu olarak onların belli bir potansiyelden (değerden), ölü hâle (çevreye) doğru geçişi (transferi) anlamına gelmektedir. Söz konusu süreç, kâinattaki tüm sistem ve yapılar için benzerdir. Enerji dönüşümlerinin tamamı aynı süreçle gerçekleşirken doğadaki canlılar da yaşamdan ölüme doğru ilerleyen, benzer bir süreçten geçmektedir. En nihayetinde evrendeki tüm enerji kaynakları, çevreye veya üretilen eşyaya transfer olarak (veya edilerek) ölü forma geçecektir. Bu durum evrenin entropi kıyameti olarak tanımlanabilecektir. Kıyametin kopuşu ise gürültü, patırtı, çatırtı, çalkantı vb. kaotik koşulları yansıtmaktadır. Kaynaklarda kıyamet kopmadan önce kozmik olarak durgun bir durumun oluşacağı da bildirilmektedir. Söz konusu durum, kozmik ölü durumdur. Bu çalışmada termodinamiğin yasalarından yararlanılarak entropi ve kıyamet arasında bir ilişki kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda evrenin zaman olarak sonunda oluşacak entropi kıyametinin, tıpkı dinî kaynaklardaki (İslam dini de dâhil) kıyamet olgusunda ifade edilen hâle (noktaya) benzediği gerçeği, bilim ve din düzleminde ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Entropi, Entropi Kıyameti, Termodinamik, Kıyamet, Benzeşim
Kaynakça Arslan, Ahmet. İlkçağ Felsefe Tarihi, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1995. Büyüktür, Ahmet Rasim. Termodinamik. Cilt I. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1982. Cankoçak, Kerem. “Evrenin Evrimi Kuarkların Kendiliğinden Macerasında Simetri ve Simetri Kırınımı”, Cogito Yapı Kredi Yayınları-Üç Aylık Düşünce Dergisi 60-61 (2009), 139-154. Çamdalı, Ünal – Tunç, Murat. “Energy and Exergy Efficiencies for Society”, Journal of the Energy Institute 81/2 (Haziran 2008), 118-122. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Entropi Açısından Pascal Oyunu”, Pascal Oyunu: Hz. Ali, Gazzali ve Pascal'a Göre Ahirete Zar Atmak, haz. Mehmet Bayrakdar. 111-121. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 6. Basım, 2023. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Pascal’ın Oyunu Bayrakdar’ın Yorumu: Termodinamik Zeminde”, Türkiye’de İslam Felsefesi: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bayraktar’a Armağan, ed. Mehmet Vural. 141-151. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2022. Çamdalı, Ünal. “Termodinamik ve Sosyal Sistemlerin Yakın Çevre İlişkilerindeki İlginç Benzeşim, Değişim ve Bir Sonuç-Bir Ümit”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 67/2, (Şubat 2012), 213-221. Çengel, Yunus A. – Boles, Michael A. Termodinamik Mühendislik Yaklaşımıyla, Çeviri Editörü Ali Pınarbaşı, İzmir: Güven Bilimsel, 5. Basım 2008. Eddington, Artgur Stanley. The Nature of the Physical World, Macmillan Company, (1929). (Erişim 27 Şubat 2024). http://archive.org/stream/natureofphysical00edd#page/n5/mode/2up. Guillen, Michael. Dünyayı Değiştiren Beş Denklem, TÜBİTAK Yayınları, 14.Basım, Haziran 2018. Gündüz, Mustafa. “Sosyal Yaşam ve Entropi Yasası: Dünyanın Sonuna mı Yaklaştık?, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 20/1, (2006), 345-355. (Erişim 27 Şubat 2024). http://e-dergi.atauni.edu.tr/index.php/IIBD/article/viewFile/3685/3514 Hocaoğlu, Durmuş. “Termodinamiğin İkinci Kanunu ve Entropi”, (2008). (Erişim 2 Nisan 2024). https://www.academia.edu/download/32596003/DHocaoglu_652__DERS_NOTU_FIZIK_Termodinamigin_IInci_Kanunu_ve_Entropi_Edisyon_2.pdf. Huang, Weimin – Shen, Leping. “Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Development of Regional Economy Based on Research into Rough Set and Entropy Theory”, 4th International Conference On Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 1-31, Book Series: International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 10196-10199, (2008). Kakaç, Sadık. “Bilimsel Termodinamiğin Evrimi: Tarih”, Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 36/2 (2016), 1-6. Kur’ân-ı Kerim Meâli. çev. Halil Altıntaş – Muzaffer Şahin. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 3. Basım, 2009. Rifkin, Jeremy – Ted Howard. Entropi Dünyaya Yeni Bir Bakış, çev. Hakan Okay, İstanbul: Ağaç Yayıncılık, 1992. Serway, Reymond A. – Beichner, Robert J. Fen ve Mühendislik için Fizik: Modern Fizik 3, Çeviri Editörü Prof. Dr. Kemal Çolakoğlu, Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık, 2011. Tandy. Charles. “Entropy and Immortality “, Journal of Futures Studies 14(1), (August 2009), 39-50. Taslaman, Caner. “Din Felsefesi Açısından Entropi Yasası”, M.Ü. İlahiyat Fak. Dergisi 30 (2006), 89-111. Topaloğlu, Bekir. "Kıyamet", TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2022, c. 25, 516-522. Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Ünal Çamdalı Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üni 0000-0002-2566-9945 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2024 Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Çamdalı, Ünal. “Entropi Bakış Açısıyla Termodinamiğin Kıyamet Senaryosu”. Din ve Bilim – Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (Haziran 2024), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1433382.
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