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Evaluation of Earthquake-Related Damages on the Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras-Turkiye Earthquakes Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 89 – 114, 30.06.2024
Zeliha Tonyalı Adnan Kıral
https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1471964
Öz Kaynakça AFAD. (2018). Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Turkey's Seismic Hazard Map. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi. AFAD. (2023). Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey. "Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Depremler Hk. – Basın Bülteni 36", Available From: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmarasta-meydana-gelen-depremler-hk-36. Altunişik, A., Arslan, M., Kahya, V., Aslan, B., Sezdirmez, T., Dok, G., . . . Baltaci, A. (2023). Field Observations and Damage Evaluation in Reinforced Concrete Buildings After the February 6th, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 17(6), 2350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793431123500240 Ates, S., Kahya, V., Yurdakul, M., Adanur, S. (2013). Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.06.006 Atmaca, B., Arslan, M., Emiroğlu, M., Altunişik, A., Adanur, S., Demir, A., . . . Kahya, V. (2023). On the earthquake-related damages of civil engineering structures within the areas impacted by Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 6(2), 98-116. http://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.02098116 Avcil, F. (2023). Investigation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Structures during the 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes. Sustainability, 15(20), 14846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014846 Bal, I.E., Gulay, F.G., Tezcan, S.S. (2008). A new approach for the preliminary seismic assessment of RC buildings: P25 scoring method. Proceedings of 14th WCEE, 12-17. Balaban, M.Ş., Doğulu, C., Akdede, N., Akoğlu, H., Karakayalı, O., Yılmaz, S., . . . İkizer, G. (2024). Emergency response, and community impact after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan Earthquakes: reconnaissance findings and observations on affected region in Türkiye. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01867-3 Bilgin, Ö. (2023). Adıyaman'da bir apartman depremin etkisiyle tek parça halinde yan yattı. 11 February 2023, Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/adiyamanda-bir-apartman-depremin-etkisiyle-tek-parca-halinde-yan-yatti/2815764. Binici, B., Yakut, A., Kadas, K., Demirel, O., Akpinar, U., Canbolat, A., . . . Canbay, E. (2023). Performance of RC buildings after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: lessons toward performance based design. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 22(4), 883-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-023-2206-8 Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., Kılıç, T., Dresen, G. (2012). The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008966 Cetin, K.Ö., Ilgaç, M., Can, G., Çakır, E. (2023). 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık Mw=7.7 ve Elbistan Mw=7.6 Depremleri Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTU), 20 Şubat 2023, Rapor No: METU/EERC 2023-01. Çetin, C., Utkucu, M., Alptekin, Ö. (2012). 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit Depremi Kırılma Zonu Boyunca Artçı Depremlerin Etkinlik Parametrelerinin (b ve p değerleri) Uzaysal Dağılımının İncelenmesi. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 123-138. D'Angela, D., Magliulo, G., Cosenza, E. (2021). Seismic damage assessment of unanchored nonstructural components taking into account the building response. Structural Safety, 93, 102126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102126 Demir, A., Celebi, E., Ozturk, H., Ozcan, Z., Ozocak, A., Bol, E., . . . Dere Yaman, Z. (2024). Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01865-5 Denaro, R. (2005). Catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century. In Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area from the 11th to the 15th century (pp. 225-233): INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Duman, T.Y., Elmacı, H., Özalp, S., Kürçer, A., Kara, M., Özdemir, E., . . . Uygun Güldoğan, Ç. (2020). Paleoseismology of the western Sürgü–Misis fault system: east Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 2(3), 411-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00041-6 Duman, T.Y., Emre, Ö. (2013). The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. 372(1), 495-529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14 Duman, E., Lozano, J.M., & Nichols, E. (2023). Turkey Earthquake Virtual Report on Geotechnical Impacts. Report, Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER). https://doi.org/10.18118/G6T951 Elnashai, A.S. (2000). Analysis of the damage potential of the Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999. Engineering Structures, 22(7), 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00104-2 Erdik, M., Tümsa, M.B.D., Pınar, A., Altunel, E., Zülfikar, A.C. (2023). A preliminary report on the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Research Briefs. Erkek, H., Yetkin, M. (2023). Assessment of the performance of a historic minaret during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Structures, 58, 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105620 Ibrahim, A.R., Makhloof, D.A., Ren, X. (2023). Seismic performance and collapse analysis of RC framed-wall structure excited with Turkey/Syria destructive earthquake. Structures, 59, 105774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105774 İnce, O. (2024). Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799 Ivanov, M.L., Chow, W.-K. (2023). Structural damage observed in reinforced concrete buildings in Adiyaman during the 2023 Turkiye Kahramanmaras Earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105578 Kahya, V., Genç, A.F., Sunca, F., Roudane, B., Altunişik, A.C., Yilmaz, S., . . . Demir, A. (2024). Evaluation of earthquake-related damages on masonry structures due to the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquakes: A case study for Hatay Governorship Building. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107855 Karabacak, Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tatar, O., Aktuğ, B., Özdağ, Ö.C., . . . Softa, M. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.7): implications for surface rupture dynamics along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of the Geological Society, 180 (3), jgs2023-2020. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-020 Karabacak, V. (2007). Quaternary activity of the Northern Dead Sea Fault Zone. Ph. D. Thesis. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Natural and Applied Sciences, Kiral, A., Gurbuz, A. (2024). Using supplemental linear viscous dampers for experimentally verified base-isolated building: Case study. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 7(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2024.01034050 Kiral, A., Tonyali, Z. (2023). Evaluating The Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6 2023 in Turkey Based on New Generation Attenuation Ground Motion (NGA) Models. Paper presented at the European Conferences 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. Kurt, Z., Tonyalı, Z. (2020). Performance analysis of a reinforced concrete frame system according to TBEC-2018. Sciennovation, 1(2), 6-22. Mertol, H.C., Tunç, G., Akış, T., Kantekin, Y., Aydın, İ.C. (2023). Investigation of RC Buildings after 6 February 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye Earthquakes. Buildings, 13(7), 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071789 Onat, O., Deniz, F., Özmen, A., Özdemir, E., & Sayın, E. (2023). Performance evaluation and damage assessment of historical Yusuf Ziya Pasha Mosque after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105415 Ozturk, M., Arslan, M.H., Korkmaz, H.H. (2023). Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design. Engineering Failure Analysis, 153, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107521 Özkaymak, Ç. (2015). Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27(2-3), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.957504 PoSB. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Post-Earthquake Assessment,Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Presidency of Strategy and Budget, Avaible online: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/2023-kahramanmaras-ve-hatay-depremleri-raporu. Pousse‐Beltran, L., Nissen, E., Bergman, E.A., Cambaz, M.D., Gaudreau, É., Karasözen, E., Tan, F. (2020). The 2020 M w 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) earthquake reveals rupture behavior of the East Anatolian Fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088136. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088136 SBT. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Strategy and Budget Directorate. Sesli, H., Tonyalı, Z., Yurdakul, M. (2022). An investigation on seismically isolated buildings in near-fault region. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science, 2(2), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.29228/JIENS.63395 Sucuoğlu, H., Yazgan, U., Yakut, A. (2007). A screening procedure for seismic risk assessment in urban building stocks. Earthquake Spectra, 23(2), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.27209 Tao, W., Jie, C., Yujiang, Z., Xiaoqing, W., Xuchuan, L., Xiaoting, W., Qingxue, S. (2023). Preliminary investigation of building damage in Hatay under February 6, 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-023-2201-0 TBEC. (2019). Turkish Earthquake Building Code, Specifications for buildings to be built in seismic areas,Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey. TEC. (1998). Specification for structures to be built in disaster areas; Part III-earthquake disaster prevention (ABYYHY-98). Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Government of Republic of Turkey. TEC. (2007). Turkish Earthquake Code: Regulations on Structures Constructed in Disaster Regions. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkiye. Tonyali, Z., Alemdag, E.L., Kibar, G.T. (2024). Evaluation of Seismic Response of the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Multi-Storey Residential Building Under the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(Special Issue), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1338909 TURKSTAT. (2021). Building and Housing Survey. Ministry and Treasury and Finance, Turkish Statistical Institute, Available online: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1-2021-45870&dil=1. Ulutaş, H. (2024). Investigation of the Causes of Soft-Storey and Weak-Storey Formations in Low-and Mid-Rise RC Buildings in Türkiye. Buildings, 14(5), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051308 USGS. (2023). United States Geological Survey,. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jlqa/finite-fault. Utkucu, M., Uzunca, F., Durmuş, H., Nalbant, S., Sert, S. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcik (Mw=7.8) and Elbistan (Mw=7.6), Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in The Southeast Türkiye. Disaster Management Application and Research Center and Department of Geophysics, Sakarya University, Feb 22. Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H. (1999). Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and modified Mercalli intensity in California. Earthquake Spectra, 15(3), 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.158605 Yilmaz, Y. (2007). Morphotectonic development of the southern Black Sea Region and the Bosphorus Channel. In The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement (pp. 537-569): Springer. Zhao, J., Qiu, H., Sun, J., Jiang, H. (2021). Seismic performance evaluation of different strategies for retrofitting RC frame buildings. Structures, 34, 2355-2366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.09.016
Evaluation of Earthquake-Related Damages on the Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras-Turkiye Earthquakes Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 89 – 114, 30.06.2024
Zeliha Tonyalı Adnan Kıral
https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1471964
Öz On February 6, 2023, two powerful quakes (with magnitudes of Mw7.7 and Mw7.6) struck the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), separated by around nine hours. Both earthquakes occurred in the Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province and were felt in many countries surrounding them. In addition, these quakes resulted in substantial losses of life and property in 11 provinces along the EAFZ. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ground motions and discuss Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings’ performance in Hatay, one of the most earthquake-affected provinces. On-site investigations revealed that many buildings were damaged in the first Pazarcık earthquake (Mw7.7), and many of them collapsed following the second Elbistan earthquake (Mw7.6). Furthermore, many of the defects uncovered by scientists in previous earthquakes were also observed in these earthquakes. The study also recommended revising the latest Turkish response spectrum for the earthquake region.
Anahtar Kelimeler Kahramanmaras earthquakes, Earthquake damage to RC buildings, Hatay province, , East Anatolian Fault Zone, East Anatolian Fault Zone, February 6, 2023, Türkiye earthquakes
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The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. 372(1), 495-529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14 Duman, E., Lozano, J.M., & Nichols, E. (2023). Turkey Earthquake Virtual Report on Geotechnical Impacts. Report, Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER). https://doi.org/10.18118/G6T951 Elnashai, A.S. (2000). Analysis of the damage potential of the Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999. Engineering Structures, 22(7), 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00104-2 Erdik, M., Tümsa, M.B.D., Pınar, A., Altunel, E., Zülfikar, A.C. (2023). A preliminary report on the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Research Briefs. Erkek, H., Yetkin, M. (2023). Assessment of the performance of a historic minaret during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Structures, 58, 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105620 Ibrahim, A.R., Makhloof, D.A., Ren, X. (2023). Seismic performance and collapse analysis of RC framed-wall structure excited with Turkey/Syria destructive earthquake. Structures, 59, 105774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105774 İnce, O. (2024). Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799 Ivanov, M.L., Chow, W.-K. (2023). Structural damage observed in reinforced concrete buildings in Adiyaman during the 2023 Turkiye Kahramanmaras Earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105578 Kahya, V., Genç, A.F., Sunca, F., Roudane, B., Altunişik, A.C., Yilmaz, S., . . . Demir, A. (2024). Evaluation of earthquake-related damages on masonry structures due to the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquakes: A case study for Hatay Governorship Building. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107855 Karabacak, Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tatar, O., Aktuğ, B., Özdağ, Ö.C., . . . Softa, M. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.7): implications for surface rupture dynamics along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of the Geological Society, 180 (3), jgs2023-2020. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-020 Karabacak, V. (2007). Quaternary activity of the Northern Dead Sea Fault Zone. Ph. D. Thesis. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Natural and Applied Sciences, Kiral, A., Gurbuz, A. (2024). Using supplemental linear viscous dampers for experimentally verified base-isolated building: Case study. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 7(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2024.01034050 Kiral, A., Tonyali, Z. (2023). Evaluating The Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6 2023 in Turkey Based on New Generation Attenuation Ground Motion (NGA) Models. Paper presented at the European Conferences 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. Kurt, Z., Tonyalı, Z. (2020). Performance analysis of a reinforced concrete frame system according to TBEC-2018. Sciennovation, 1(2), 6-22. Mertol, H.C., Tunç, G., Akış, T., Kantekin, Y., Aydın, İ.C. (2023). Investigation of RC Buildings after 6 February 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye Earthquakes. Buildings, 13(7), 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071789 Onat, O., Deniz, F., Özmen, A., Özdemir, E., & Sayın, E. (2023). Performance evaluation and damage assessment of historical Yusuf Ziya Pasha Mosque after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105415 Ozturk, M., Arslan, M.H., Korkmaz, H.H. (2023). Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design. Engineering Failure Analysis, 153, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107521 Özkaymak, Ç. (2015). Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27(2-3), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.957504 PoSB. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Post-Earthquake Assessment,Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Presidency of Strategy and Budget, Avaible online: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/2023-kahramanmaras-ve-hatay-depremleri-raporu. Pousse‐Beltran, L., Nissen, E., Bergman, E.A., Cambaz, M.D., Gaudreau, É., Karasözen, E., Tan, F. (2020). The 2020 M w 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) earthquake reveals rupture behavior of the East Anatolian Fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088136. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088136 SBT. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Strategy and Budget Directorate. Sesli, H., Tonyalı, Z., Yurdakul, M. (2022). An investigation on seismically isolated buildings in near-fault region. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science, 2(2), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.29228/JIENS.63395 Sucuoğlu, H., Yazgan, U., Yakut, A. (2007). A screening procedure for seismic risk assessment in urban building stocks. Earthquake Spectra, 23(2), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.27209 Tao, W., Jie, C., Yujiang, Z., Xiaoqing, W., Xuchuan, L., Xiaoting, W., Qingxue, S. (2023). Preliminary investigation of building damage in Hatay under February 6, 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-023-2201-0 TBEC. (2019). Turkish Earthquake Building Code, Specifications for buildings to be built in seismic areas,Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey. TEC. (1998). Specification for structures to be built in disaster areas; Part III-earthquake disaster prevention (ABYYHY-98). Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Government of Republic of Turkey. TEC. (2007). Turkish Earthquake Code: Regulations on Structures Constructed in Disaster Regions. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkiye. Tonyali, Z., Alemdag, E.L., Kibar, G.T. (2024). Evaluation of Seismic Response of the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Multi-Storey Residential Building Under the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(Special Issue), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1338909 TURKSTAT. (2021). Building and Housing Survey. Ministry and Treasury and Finance, Turkish Statistical Institute, Available online: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1-2021-45870&dil=1. Ulutaş, H. (2024). Investigation of the Causes of Soft-Storey and Weak-Storey Formations in Low-and Mid-Rise RC Buildings in Türkiye. Buildings, 14(5), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051308 USGS. (2023). United States Geological Survey,. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jlqa/finite-fault. Utkucu, M., Uzunca, F., Durmuş, H., Nalbant, S., Sert, S. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcik (Mw=7.8) and Elbistan (Mw=7.6), Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in The Southeast Türkiye. Disaster Management Application and Research Center and Department of Geophysics, Sakarya University, Feb 22. Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H. (1999). Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and modified Mercalli intensity in California. Earthquake Spectra, 15(3), 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.158605 Yilmaz, Y. (2007). Morphotectonic development of the southern Black Sea Region and the Bosphorus Channel. In The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement (pp. 537-569): Springer. Zhao, J., Qiu, H., Sun, J., Jiang, H. (2021). Seismic performance evaluation of different strategies for retrofitting RC frame buildings. Structures, 34, 2355-2366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.09.016 Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Deprem Mühendisliği Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Zeliha Tonyalı RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-6637-7949 Türkiye
Adnan Kıral RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-4534-3686 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Tonyalı, Z., & Kıral, A. (2024). Evaluation of Earthquake-Related Damages on the Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras-Turkiye Earthquakes. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 89-114. https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1471964
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