Evaluation of Family Law Reform in Muslim-Majority Countries and Somali: The Case of Somali Socialist Family Law Reforms towards Women’s Rights

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 35 – 46, 30.07.2024

Abdighani Abdikarim Ahmed

Öz

Studying Muslim family law is essential for understanding the legal and cultural frameworks that influence family dynamics in Muslim-majority countries. While there is extensive research on Muslim family law reforms and women’s rights, there is a notable scarcity of literature focusing on the rights of minors and guardians, as well as women’s maintenance rights, particularly in Somalia. This study examines Somalia’s socialist period and compares it with family law reforms in other Muslim-majority countries, such as Pakistan and Turkey, to present the variation of women’s rights in various contexts. This study also seeks to examine the dynamics between the socialist government, women’s groups, and Somali Islamic scholars in the implementation of family law reforms. The research methodology involves a thorough review of relevant literature and historical records, focusing on legal texts and scholarly discourse to analyze these reforms. The findings reveal that failures in the Family Law underscore the need for reforms that align with cultural and religious values. Somalia’s eventual return to Sharia law for family matters underscores the necessity of aligning legal systems with the values of the communities they serve.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Socialism, Islam, Family Law Reform, Women Right, Somali

Kaynakça

  • Abdullahi, A. M. (2011). Islamic movement in Somalia: A historical evolution with a case study of the Islah movement (Doctoral dissertation, McGill University).
  • Abdurrahman Ibn Qudamah. (1994). Al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr (Vol. 4). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  • Acar, İ. (2003). Islam Hukukunda Evlenme Ehliyeti Bakımından Küçüklerin Evlendirilmesi Problemi. Dini Araştırmalar, 6(2), 125-140.
  • Akçay, S., Yiğit, R. R., & Bay, F. (2024). Experiences of child marriage among women and men in Turkey. Journal Of Child And Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02791-5
  • Al-Shafi’i, M. (1993). Al-Umm (Vol. 4). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah.
  • Balta, Y. (2022). The contribution of maintenance responsibility to social welfare in Islamic law. Journal of Religious Sociology Research, 2(2), 35–62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2598351
  • Erbay, C. (2006). Nafaka. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 32, pp. 282). TDV Yayınları
  • Ersoy, E. (2021). The marriage, documents and divorce in Turkey. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 8(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i1.15264
  • Farooq, M. (2019). Walayah (Guardianship): The authority over a woman’s choice in marriage and how this reflects a desire to control and Kafa’a (Equality): A barrier to a woman’s marriage choice? Granite Journal, 3(2), 20-27. ISSN 2059-3791.
  • Ferdousi, N. (2021). Protection of wife’s right to maintenance in Bangladesh: An overview. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 9(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.246
  • Gardner, J., & El Bushra, J. (Eds.). (2004). Women’s rights, leadership, and political empowerment: Introduction. In Somalia—the untold story (pp. 175–188).
  • Guudle, O., & Ozev, M. H. (2019). Somali state conflict: Revisiting the political economy of the Somali security state (1969-1991). Middle Eastern Studies, 11(2), 206-233.
  • Hamid, A., & Maulidin, A. (2022). Marriage Age Limit in Hanafi Mazhab And Its Relevance With Law No. 16 Years 2019. Al Mashaadir Journal, 3(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.stisummulayman.ac.id/index.php/almashaadir/article/view/88
  • Ibn Abd Al-Barr. (2001). Al-Kafi. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
  • Ibn Abidin. (1979). Hasyiyah Rad al-Muhtar (Vol. 3). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
  • Ingiriis, M. H. (2015). ‘Sisters; was this what we struggled for?’: The gendered rivalry in power and politics. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 16(2), 376-394. Available at https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol16/iss2/24
  • Ingiriis, M. H., & Hoehne, M. V. (2013). The impact of civil war and state collapse on the roles of Somali women: A blessing in disguise. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 7(2), 314-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2013.776281
  • Kumedi Ja’far, A., Mukri, M., & Susanto, I. (2021). Reconstruction of marriage age limit according to law number 16 yea, 2019 about marriage. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(Special Issue 1).
  • Lösch, D. (1990). Socialism in Africa. Intereconomics, 25(6), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928799
  • Mohamed, I. A. (2015). Somali women and the socialist state. Journal of Georgetown University-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association, 4. https://doi.org/10.5339/messa.2015.4
  • Mubarak, J. A. (1996). From bad policy to chaos in Somalia: How an economy fell apart. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Muhumed, M. M. (2021). Scientific socialism in the Horn of Africa: Revisiting the Somali socialist economy. Journal of Somali Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.31920/2056-5682/2021/v7n1a3 .
  • Muzaki, K. A., Jahar, A. S., & Suma, M. A. (2021). Reform of the law of inheritance in Turkey and Tunisia. Al-Adalah, 17(2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v17i2.8031
  • Naqvi, S. A. R. (1974). Modern reforms in Muslim family laws — A general study. Islamic Studies, 13(4), 235–252. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20846925
  • The Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929). Retrieved March 06, 2024, from https://kp.gov.pk/uploads/2016/02/3.ChildMarriage Restraint Act 1929.pdf
  • Polat, O., & Reva, Z. (2019). Legal dimension of child marriages in Turkey: Compared with the Eastern Europe and Middle East countries. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 7(4), 338-354. Retrieved on 01.03.2023 from https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.916
  • Puspita, M., & Octariza, N. (2022). The rule minimum age of marriage in Islamic family law in the Muslim world. International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v3i2.71
  • Qurratul, U., & Rahmatan, M. (2022). Scientific socialism in the inheritance law in Somalia. Jurnal Al-Dustur, 5(2). Department of Constitutional Law, Postgraduate Program of IAIN Bone. https://doi.org/10.1234/jurnalaldustur.2022.1234567
  • Remouche, T. (2020). African socialism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Africa must unite (1963) and Mohamed Boudiaf’s Où va l’Algérie? (1964) [Master’s thesis, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou]. Faculty of Letters and Languages, Department of English.
  • Retnowulandari, W., Indrasti, M., & Fitriliani, Y. (2024). Is marriage age restriction un-Islamic? (Comparative study of Indonesia and Pakistan with gender perspective). https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i21.14781
  • Siddique, H. M., & Gul, R. (2019). Woman’s right to maintenance in Islamic law. Al-Azhar, 5(1). Retrieved from https://www.tehqeeqat.org/downloadpdf/11917
  • Somalia. (1975). Family Law No. 23, 1975. Retrieved from https://muslimfamilylawindex.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Family-Law-No.-23-1975.pdf
  • Stilt, K., Waheedi, S., & Griffin, S. G. (2018). The ambitions of Muslim family law reform. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender.
  • Tan, O. (2018). Childhood and Child Marriage in Islamic Law. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi – Cumhuriyet Theology Journal, 22(2), 783—805. Retrieved from http://cuid.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/562337
  • Thompsell, A. (2019). Socialism in Africa and African socialism. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/socialism-in-africa-and-african-socialism-4031311
  • Touati, J. (1997). Politik und Gesellschaft in Somalia (1890–1991). Institut für Afrikakunde.
  • Wani, M. A. (2003). Maintenance of women and children under Muslim law: Legislative trends in Muslim countries. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 45(3/4), 409–428. Retrieved From http://www.jstor.org/stable/43951871

Müslüman Çoğunluklu Ülkelerde ve Somali’de Aile Hukuku Reformlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kadın Haklarına Yönelik Somali Sosyalist Aile Hukuku Reformları Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 35 – 46, 30.07.2024

Abdighani Abdikarim Ahmed

Öz

Müslüman aile hukukunu incelemek, çoğunluğu Müslüman olan ülkelerdeki aile dinamiklerini etkileyen yasal ve kültürel çerçeveleri anlamak için elzemdir. Müslüman aile hukuku reformları ve kadın hakları üzerine kapsamlı araştırmalar mevcut olsa da, özellikle Somali’de küçüklerin ve vasilerin hakları ile kadınların nafaka haklarına odaklanan literatürün azlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma Somali’nin sosyalist dönemini incelemekte ve Pakistan ve Türkiye gibi nüfusunun çoğunluğu Müslüman olan diğer ülkelerdeki aile hukuku reformlarıyla karşılaştırarak kadın haklarının farklı bağlamlardaki değişimini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda aile hukuku reformlarının uygulanmasında sosyalist hükümet, kadın grupları ve Somalili İslam alimleri arasındaki dinamikleri incelemeyi de amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma metodolojisi, bu reformları analiz etmek için yasal metinlere ve akademik söyleme odaklanarak ilgili literatürün ve tarihi kayıtların kapsamlı bir incelemesini içermektedir. Bulgular, aile hukukundaki başarısızlıkların kültürel ve dini değerlerle uyumlu reformlara duyulan ihtiyacın altını çizdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Somali’nin ailevi konularda Şeriat hukukuna geri dönmesi, hukuk sistemlerinin hizmet ettikleri toplumların değerleriyle uyumlu hale getirilmesinin gerekliliğinin altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyalizm, İslam, Aile Hukuku Reformu, Kadın Hakları, Somali

Kaynakça

  • Abdullahi, A. M. (2011). Islamic movement in Somalia: A historical evolution with a case study of the Islah movement (Doctoral dissertation, McGill University).
  • Abdurrahman Ibn Qudamah. (1994). Al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr (Vol. 4). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  • Acar, İ. (2003). Islam Hukukunda Evlenme Ehliyeti Bakımından Küçüklerin Evlendirilmesi Problemi. Dini Araştırmalar, 6(2), 125-140.
  • Akçay, S., Yiğit, R. R., & Bay, F. (2024). Experiences of child marriage among women and men in Turkey. Journal Of Child And Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02791-5
  • Al-Shafi’i, M. (1993). Al-Umm (Vol. 4). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah.
  • Balta, Y. (2022). The contribution of maintenance responsibility to social welfare in Islamic law. Journal of Religious Sociology Research, 2(2), 35–62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2598351
  • Erbay, C. (2006). Nafaka. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 32, pp. 282). TDV Yayınları
  • Ersoy, E. (2021). The marriage, documents and divorce in Turkey. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 8(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i1.15264
  • Farooq, M. (2019). Walayah (Guardianship): The authority over a woman’s choice in marriage and how this reflects a desire to control and Kafa’a (Equality): A barrier to a woman’s marriage choice? Granite Journal, 3(2), 20-27. ISSN 2059-3791.
  • Ferdousi, N. (2021). Protection of wife’s right to maintenance in Bangladesh: An overview. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 9(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.246
  • Gardner, J., & El Bushra, J. (Eds.). (2004). Women’s rights, leadership, and political empowerment: Introduction. In Somalia—the untold story (pp. 175–188).
  • Guudle, O., & Ozev, M. H. (2019). Somali state conflict: Revisiting the political economy of the Somali security state (1969-1991). Middle Eastern Studies, 11(2), 206-233.
  • Hamid, A., & Maulidin, A. (2022). Marriage Age Limit in Hanafi Mazhab And Its Relevance With Law No. 16 Years 2019. Al Mashaadir Journal, 3(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.stisummulayman.ac.id/index.php/almashaadir/article/view/88
  • Ibn Abd Al-Barr. (2001). Al-Kafi. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
  • Ibn Abidin. (1979). Hasyiyah Rad al-Muhtar (Vol. 3). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
  • Ingiriis, M. H. (2015). ‘Sisters; was this what we struggled for?’: The gendered rivalry in power and politics. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 16(2), 376-394. Available at https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol16/iss2/24
  • Ingiriis, M. H., & Hoehne, M. V. (2013). The impact of civil war and state collapse on the roles of Somali women: A blessing in disguise. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 7(2), 314-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2013.776281
  • Kumedi Ja’far, A., Mukri, M., & Susanto, I. (2021). Reconstruction of marriage age limit according to law number 16 yea, 2019 about marriage. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(Special Issue 1).
  • Lösch, D. (1990). Socialism in Africa. Intereconomics, 25(6), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928799
  • Mohamed, I. A. (2015). Somali women and the socialist state. Journal of Georgetown University-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association, 4. https://doi.org/10.5339/messa.2015.4
  • Mubarak, J. A. (1996). From bad policy to chaos in Somalia: How an economy fell apart. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Muhumed, M. M. (2021). Scientific socialism in the Horn of Africa: Revisiting the Somali socialist economy. Journal of Somali Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.31920/2056-5682/2021/v7n1a3 .
  • Muzaki, K. A., Jahar, A. S., & Suma, M. A. (2021). Reform of the law of inheritance in Turkey and Tunisia. Al-Adalah, 17(2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v17i2.8031
  • Naqvi, S. A. R. (1974). Modern reforms in Muslim family laws — A general study. Islamic Studies, 13(4), 235–252. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20846925
  • The Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929). Retrieved March 06, 2024, from https://kp.gov.pk/uploads/2016/02/3.ChildMarriage Restraint Act 1929.pdf
  • Polat, O., & Reva, Z. (2019). Legal dimension of child marriages in Turkey: Compared with the Eastern Europe and Middle East countries. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 7(4), 338-354. Retrieved on 01.03.2023 from https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.916
  • Puspita, M., & Octariza, N. (2022). The rule minimum age of marriage in Islamic family law in the Muslim world. International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v3i2.71
  • Qurratul, U., & Rahmatan, M. (2022). Scientific socialism in the inheritance law in Somalia. Jurnal Al-Dustur, 5(2). Department of Constitutional Law, Postgraduate Program of IAIN Bone. https://doi.org/10.1234/jurnalaldustur.2022.1234567
  • Remouche, T. (2020). African socialism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Africa must unite (1963) and Mohamed Boudiaf’s Où va l’Algérie? (1964) [Master’s thesis, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou]. Faculty of Letters and Languages, Department of English.
  • Retnowulandari, W., Indrasti, M., & Fitriliani, Y. (2024). Is marriage age restriction un-Islamic? (Comparative study of Indonesia and Pakistan with gender perspective). https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i21.14781
  • Siddique, H. M., & Gul, R. (2019). Woman’s right to maintenance in Islamic law. Al-Azhar, 5(1). Retrieved from https://www.tehqeeqat.org/downloadpdf/11917
  • Somalia. (1975). Family Law No. 23, 1975. Retrieved from https://muslimfamilylawindex.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Family-Law-No.-23-1975.pdf
  • Stilt, K., Waheedi, S., & Griffin, S. G. (2018). The ambitions of Muslim family law reform. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender.
  • Tan, O. (2018). Childhood and Child Marriage in Islamic Law. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi – Cumhuriyet Theology Journal, 22(2), 783—805. Retrieved from http://cuid.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/562337
  • Thompsell, A. (2019). Socialism in Africa and African socialism. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/socialism-in-africa-and-african-socialism-4031311
  • Touati, J. (1997). Politik und Gesellschaft in Somalia (1890–1991). Institut für Afrikakunde.
  • Wani, M. A. (2003). Maintenance of women and children under Muslim law: Legislative trends in Muslim countries. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 45(3/4), 409–428. Retrieved From http://www.jstor.org/stable/43951871

Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
BölümMakaleler
Yazarlar

Abdighani Abdikarim Ahmed KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 0000-0003-2050-548X Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi9 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi24 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APAAhmed, A. A. (2024). Evaluation of Family Law Reform in Muslim-Majority Countries and Somali: The Case of Somali Socialist Family Law Reforms towards Women’s Rights. Karadeniz Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 35-46.

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