Evaluation of the possible relationship between hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele in adult men

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 439 – 445, 30.06.2024

Ali Kemal Taşkın , Abdullah Gül , Nurcan Kat

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1463901

Öz

Purpose: Although hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele have a similar etiopathogenesis. However, the relationship between the two diseases is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of varicocele in hemorrhoid disease.
Materials and Methods: The patients included in the study were separated into two groups: the patiens with internal or external hemorrhoid (group 1, n =100) and the patients with no hemororhoid (group 2- control group, n=100). Internal hemorrhoids were classified as grade 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the 2018 classification of the American Society of Colon and Rectum Surgeons standards committee. Then, group 1 and group 2 patients were compared in terms of varicocele frequency.
Results: Varicocele was determined at a statistically significant higher rate in the patients with hemorrhoids than in the control group. In the correlation analysis, a weak positive correlation was determined between the varicoele grade and internal hemorrhoid grade.
Conclusion: As the grade of hemorrhoid disease increased, so there was also observed to be an increase in varicocele grade. Therefore, varicocele disease must be taken into consideration in the evaluation of hemorrhoid disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemorrhoids, venous diseases, varicocele

Proje Numarası

YOKTUR.

Kaynakça

• Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction in hemorrhoid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2020;37:2792-812.
• Sheikh P, Régnier C, Goron F, Salmat G. The prevalence, characteristics and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease: results of an international web-based survey. J Comp Eff Res. 2020;9:1219-32.
• Lohsiriwat V. Approach to hemorrhoids. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013;15:332.
• Ganz RA. The evaluation and treatment of hemorrhoids: a guide for the gastroenterologist. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:593-603.
• Chen SS. Significant predictive factors for subfertility in patients with subclinical varicocele. Andrologia. 2017;49:e12781.
• Masson P, Brannigan RE. The varicocele. Urol Clin North Am. 2014;41:129-44.
• Besiroglu H, Otunctemur A, Dursun M, Ozbek E. The prevalence and severity of varicocele in adult population over the age of forty years old: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male. 2019;22:207-13.
• Lorenc T, Krupniewski L, Palczewski P, Gołębiowski M. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of varicocele. J Ultrason. 2016;16:359-70.
• Schoor RA, Elhanbly SM, Niederberger C. The pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility. Curr Urol Rep. 2001;2:432-6.
• Aslan R, Erbin A, Celik S, Ucpinar B, Sahinalp S, Yıldızhan M et al. Evaluation of hemorrhoidal disease and lower extremity venous insufficiency in primary adult varicocele: a prospective controlled study. Phlebology. 2019;34:621-26.
• Yetkin E, Ileri M. Dilating venous disease: Pathophysiology and a systematic aspect to different vascular territories. Med Hypotheses. 2016;91:73-6.
• Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chonic venous insufficiency. Circulation. 2014;130:333-46.
• Davis BR, Lee-Kong SA, Migaly J, Feingold DL, Steele SR. The american society of colon and rectal surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018;61:284-92.
• Patrick JR, Frank HC, Timothy BH, Ahmed MAM. Clinical assessment of male fertility. WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple: 17-33. Cambridge, 2000.
• Ekici U, Kartal A, Ferhatoglu MF. Association between hemorrhoids and lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency. Cureus. 2019;11:e4502.
• Devi V, Deswal G, Dass R, Chopra B, Kriplani P, Grewal AS et al. Hemorrhoid disease: a review on treatment, clinical research and patent data. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2023;23:e270423216271.
• Herold A. Differenzialdiagnose des hämorrhoidalleidens [differential diagnosis of hemorrhoidal disease]. Hautarzt. 2020;71:269-74.
• Jensen CFS, Østergren P, Dupree JM, Ohl DA, Sønksen J, Fode M. Varicocele and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14:523-33.
• Elsharawy MA, Naim MM, Abdelmaguid EM, Al-Mulhim AA. Role of saphenous vein wall in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2007;6:219-24.
• Eid RA, Radad K, Al-Shraim M. Ultrastructural changes of smooth muscles in varicocele veins. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2012;36:201-6.
• Salnikova LE, Khadzhieva MB, Kolobkov DS. Biological findings from the phewas catalog: focus on connective tissue-related disorders (pelvic floor dysfunction, abdominal hernia, varicose veins and hemorrhoids). Hum Genet. 2016;135:779-95.
• Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, Riss T, Mittlböck M, Steiner G et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27:215-20.
• Godeberge P, Sheikh P, Zagriadskiĭ E, Lohsiriwat V, Montaño AJ, Košorok P et al. Hemorrhoidal disease and chronic venous insufficiency: concomitance or coincidence; results of the CHORUS study (chronic venous and hemorrhoidal diseases evaluation and scientific research). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35:577-85.
• Holdstock JM, Dos Santos SJ, Harrison CC, Price BA, Whiteley MS. Haemorrhoids are associated with internal iliac vein reflux in up to one-third of women presenting with varicose veins associated with pelvic vein reflux. Phlebology. 2015;30:133-9.
• Dabbs EB, Dos Santos SJ, Shiangoli I, Holdstock JM, Beckett D, Whiteley MS. Pelvic venous reflux in males with varicose veins and recurrent varicose veins. Phlebology. 2018;33:382-7.
• Chen D, Luo Q, Fan W, Chen C, Liu G. The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology. 2022;37:233-40.
• Qiu P, Zha B, Zhu H, Xie W, Si X, Tang D et al. Association between clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of varicocele and lower extremity varicose vein in men. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017;38:298-304.
• Nahoum CRD. Inflammation and infection. Treatment of male infertility (eds J. Bain, WB. Schill, L. Schwarzstein): 5–32. Berlin, 1982.
• Ozturk S, Akbaba KT, Kılıc S, Cıcek T, Peskırcıoglu L, Tandogan I et al. Venous leg symptoms in patients with varicocele: a multicenter assessment study. Phlebology. 2019;34:128-36.
• Sniderman AD, Lawler PR, Williams K, Thanassoulis G, de Graaf J, Furberg CD. The causal exposure model of vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012;122:369-73.
• Deol ZK, Lakhanpal S, Franzon G, Pappas PJ. Effect of obesity on chronic venous insufficiency treatment outcomes. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8:617-28.
• Kumanov P, Robeva RN, Tomova A. Adolescent varicocele: who is at risk? Pediatrics. 2008 ;121:e53-7.
• Zampieri N, Cervellione RM. Varicocele in adolescents: a 6-year longitudinal and followup observational study. J Urol. 2008;180:1653-6.
• Stavropoulos NE, Mihailidis I, Hastazeris K, Moisidou R, Louka G, Filiadis I et al. Varicocele in schoolboys. Arch Androl. 2002;48:187-92.
• Canales BK, Zapzalka DM, Ercole CJ, Carey P, Haus E, Aeppli D et al. Prevalence and effect of varicoceles in an elderly population. Urology. 2005;66:627-31.
• Callam MJ. Epidemiology of varicose veins. Br J Surg. 1994;81:167-73.

Erişkin erkeklerde hemoroidal hastalık ile varikosel arasındaki olası ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 439 – 445, 30.06.2024

Ali Kemal Taşkın , Abdullah Gül , Nurcan Kat

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1463901

Öz

Amaç: Hemoroidal hastalık ve varikosel benzer bir etiyopatogeneze sahip olmasına rağmen, iki hastalık arasındaki ilişki iyi anlaşılamamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı hemoroid hastalığında varikosel varlığını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastalar iki ana gruba ayrıldı: internal veya eksternal hemoroid tanısı konulan hastalar (1. grup, 100 hasta), hemoroid tanısı konulmayan hastalar (2. grup -kontrol grup 100 hasta). İnternal hemoroidler Amerikan Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahları Derneği standartlar komitesinin 2018 sınıflamasına göre derece 1,2,3,4 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Daha sonra 1. grup ve 2. grup hastalar, varikosel sıklığı açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Hemoroid hastalarında varikosel, kontrol grup hastalarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Korelasyon analizinde, varikosel grade ile internal hemaroid grade arasında zayıf, pozitif yönde ilişki saptandı.
Sonuç: Hemoroid hastalığının derecesi arttıkça varikosel derecesinde de artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle hemoroid hastalığının değerlendirilmesinde varikosel hastalığı da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemoroid, varikosel, venöz hastalıklar

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

YOKTUR.

Teşekkür

Sayın Editöryal offis, iyi çalışmalar..

Kaynakça

• Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction in hemorrhoid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2020;37:2792-812.
• Sheikh P, Régnier C, Goron F, Salmat G. The prevalence, characteristics and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease: results of an international web-based survey. J Comp Eff Res. 2020;9:1219-32.
• Lohsiriwat V. Approach to hemorrhoids. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013;15:332.
• Ganz RA. The evaluation and treatment of hemorrhoids: a guide for the gastroenterologist. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:593-603.
• Chen SS. Significant predictive factors for subfertility in patients with subclinical varicocele. Andrologia. 2017;49:e12781.
• Masson P, Brannigan RE. The varicocele. Urol Clin North Am. 2014;41:129-44.
• Besiroglu H, Otunctemur A, Dursun M, Ozbek E. The prevalence and severity of varicocele in adult population over the age of forty years old: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male. 2019;22:207-13.
• Lorenc T, Krupniewski L, Palczewski P, Gołębiowski M. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of varicocele. J Ultrason. 2016;16:359-70.
• Schoor RA, Elhanbly SM, Niederberger C. The pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility. Curr Urol Rep. 2001;2:432-6.
• Aslan R, Erbin A, Celik S, Ucpinar B, Sahinalp S, Yıldızhan M et al. Evaluation of hemorrhoidal disease and lower extremity venous insufficiency in primary adult varicocele: a prospective controlled study. Phlebology. 2019;34:621-26.
• Yetkin E, Ileri M. Dilating venous disease: Pathophysiology and a systematic aspect to different vascular territories. Med Hypotheses. 2016;91:73-6.
• Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chonic venous insufficiency. Circulation. 2014;130:333-46.
• Davis BR, Lee-Kong SA, Migaly J, Feingold DL, Steele SR. The american society of colon and rectal surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018;61:284-92.
• Patrick JR, Frank HC, Timothy BH, Ahmed MAM. Clinical assessment of male fertility. WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple: 17-33. Cambridge, 2000.
• Ekici U, Kartal A, Ferhatoglu MF. Association between hemorrhoids and lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency. Cureus. 2019;11:e4502.
• Devi V, Deswal G, Dass R, Chopra B, Kriplani P, Grewal AS et al. Hemorrhoid disease: a review on treatment, clinical research and patent data. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2023;23:e270423216271.
• Herold A. Differenzialdiagnose des hämorrhoidalleidens [differential diagnosis of hemorrhoidal disease]. Hautarzt. 2020;71:269-74.
• Jensen CFS, Østergren P, Dupree JM, Ohl DA, Sønksen J, Fode M. Varicocele and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14:523-33.
• Elsharawy MA, Naim MM, Abdelmaguid EM, Al-Mulhim AA. Role of saphenous vein wall in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2007;6:219-24.
• Eid RA, Radad K, Al-Shraim M. Ultrastructural changes of smooth muscles in varicocele veins. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2012;36:201-6.
• Salnikova LE, Khadzhieva MB, Kolobkov DS. Biological findings from the phewas catalog: focus on connective tissue-related disorders (pelvic floor dysfunction, abdominal hernia, varicose veins and hemorrhoids). Hum Genet. 2016;135:779-95.
• Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, Riss T, Mittlböck M, Steiner G et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27:215-20.
• Godeberge P, Sheikh P, Zagriadskiĭ E, Lohsiriwat V, Montaño AJ, Košorok P et al. Hemorrhoidal disease and chronic venous insufficiency: concomitance or coincidence; results of the CHORUS study (chronic venous and hemorrhoidal diseases evaluation and scientific research). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35:577-85.
• Holdstock JM, Dos Santos SJ, Harrison CC, Price BA, Whiteley MS. Haemorrhoids are associated with internal iliac vein reflux in up to one-third of women presenting with varicose veins associated with pelvic vein reflux. Phlebology. 2015;30:133-9.
• Dabbs EB, Dos Santos SJ, Shiangoli I, Holdstock JM, Beckett D, Whiteley MS. Pelvic venous reflux in males with varicose veins and recurrent varicose veins. Phlebology. 2018;33:382-7.
• Chen D, Luo Q, Fan W, Chen C, Liu G. The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology. 2022;37:233-40.
• Qiu P, Zha B, Zhu H, Xie W, Si X, Tang D et al. Association between clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of varicocele and lower extremity varicose vein in men. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017;38:298-304.
• Nahoum CRD. Inflammation and infection. Treatment of male infertility (eds J. Bain, WB. Schill, L. Schwarzstein): 5–32. Berlin, 1982.
• Ozturk S, Akbaba KT, Kılıc S, Cıcek T, Peskırcıoglu L, Tandogan I et al. Venous leg symptoms in patients with varicocele: a multicenter assessment study. Phlebology. 2019;34:128-36.
• Sniderman AD, Lawler PR, Williams K, Thanassoulis G, de Graaf J, Furberg CD. The causal exposure model of vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012;122:369-73.
• Deol ZK, Lakhanpal S, Franzon G, Pappas PJ. Effect of obesity on chronic venous insufficiency treatment outcomes. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8:617-28.
• Kumanov P, Robeva RN, Tomova A. Adolescent varicocele: who is at risk? Pediatrics. 2008 ;121:e53-7.
• Zampieri N, Cervellione RM. Varicocele in adolescents: a 6-year longitudinal and followup observational study. J Urol. 2008;180:1653-6.
• Stavropoulos NE, Mihailidis I, Hastazeris K, Moisidou R, Louka G, Filiadis I et al. Varicocele in schoolboys. Arch Androl. 2002;48:187-92.
• Canales BK, Zapzalka DM, Ercole CJ, Carey P, Haus E, Aeppli D et al. Prevalence and effect of varicoceles in an elderly population. Urology. 2005;66:627-31.
• Callam MJ. Epidemiology of varicose veins. Br J Surg. 1994;81:167-73.

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