Examination of the Placemaking Concept on Bursa Historical Cumhuriyet Street

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 424 – 439, 30.07.2024

Mahshid Mikaeili Volkan Müftüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1409239

Öz

In historical cities, urban public open space’s identity is a fundamental aspect that contributes to shaping the identity of communities. The architectural elements succeeded in expressing the identity of the community and maintaining the continuity of identity. The city’s identity is determined by the city’s geographical context, cultural level, architectural elements, local traditions, and quality of public open spaces.
In recent years the multi dimensional place-making concept become an interesting study area in increasing urban identity. The concept of place-making coines to describe a multi-disciplinary approach in planning, designing, and urban public open spaces management to improve the urban environment and the quality of life. In this study, the conceptual framework of the topic was drawn by putting forth the concept of place and place-making to improve the quality of places in historical public open spaces.
The studying area is Cumhuriyet Street in the historical center of Bursa City, which is located in the traditional trade center as a pedestrian road. The historical background is examined to demonstrate its potential in creating a place-making concept in the city’s historic core.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Place Making, Bursa, City Identity, Cumhuriyet Street

Etik Beyan

Ethics Committee Approval was not required for the study.

Kaynakça

• Alderman, DH., Benjamin, SK. & Schneider, P. (2012). Transforming mount airy into mayberry Film-induced tourism as place-making. Southeast Geograp, 52, 2, 212–239.
• Amirzadeh, M., & Sharifi, A., (2024).The Evolutionary Path of Place Making: From Late Twentieth Century to Post-Pandemic Cities. Elsevier, Science Direct, Land Use Policy, 141, 107124, 1-24.
• Aytuğ, M., & Mikaeili, M., (2018). A Discussion on the Izmir Coal Gas Factory as a Place-Making Experience According to the EU Industrial Heritage Tourism Perspective. International Symposium on Advancements in Tourism, Recreation and Sports Sciences (ATRSS 18), 5-8 September, Podgorica, Montenegro. Proceeding Book, 88-99.
• Beza, B.B., (2016). The Role of Deliberative Planning in Translating Best Practice into Good Practice: From Placeless-ness to Placemaking. Planning Theory and Practice, Vol. 17, 2, 244-263.
• Bursa Turizm Portalı (2023). Bursa Tarihi Çarşı ve Hanlar Bölgesi Haritası. Erişilen Adres (05.06.2023): https://www.bursa.com.tr/tr/turizm-haritalari/222.
• CHCFE Consortium, (2015). Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe Report. Krakow: International Cultural Centre.
• Cresswell, T., (1996). In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology and Transgression, Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press. London. The UK.
• Çakıcı, Ş., (2009). 100 Yıllık Planlama Sürecinde Bursa Tarihi Kent Merkezi’nin Değişimi ve Koru(n)ma Kararları:1890-1990. Tarihi Çevrede Koruma: Yaklaşımlar, Uygulamalar, Dosya 14.2.
• Dwyer, L., (2023). Tourism Development to Enhance Resident Well-Being: A Strong Sustainability Perspective. Sustainability, 15, (4), 3321, 1-16.
• Fletchall, A.M., (2016). Place-Making Through Beer-Drinking: A Case Study of Montana’s Craft Breweries. Geographical Review, 106, 539-566.
• Grabow, S. H., (2015). Principles of Community Place-making and Making Places Special: Professional Guide. University of Wisconsin-Extension Jefferson County Office.
• Gönül, A., Durak, S., & Arslan, T. V., (2017). Analysis Of Urban Identity Of A Palimpsest City: Bursa City Center as a Case. Paradoks: The Journal of Economics, Sociology & Politics, 13(1).
• Hague, C. & Jenkins, P., (2005). Place Identity, Participation and Planning, Routledge, Oxfordshire. Jacobs, J., (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Published in New York by Random House.
• Karadal, S. T., (2020). Tarihi Kent Merkezlerinde Yürünebilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi “Bursa Cumhuriyet Caddesi Yayalaştırma Örneği”. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa. YÖK veri tabanından erişildi Erişim Adresi (15.06.2023): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=Eb5EkakJlp3olBdo_wNEGRZA3bL_8IUZu648gcdFz_nak4oaEQVZ-7KeFxWoIL_l
• Lew, A. A., (2017). Tourism Planning and Place Making: Place-Making or Placemaking? Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, Vol. 19, 3, 448-466.
• Markusen, A., & Gadwa, A., (2010). Creative Placemaking. Washington DC/USA: National Endowment for the Arts.
• Mateo-Babiano, I., & Lee, G., (2020). People in Place: Placemaking Fundamentals: In Placemaking Fundamentals for the Built Environment. (Edit. Dominique, H. & Santin, H.). Cristina Book Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
• Mikaeili, M., (2023). The Concept of Place-making and Intercultural Cities: Case Study of Türkiye. Change-Transformation and Critique OF Urban Spaces Urban Spaces: Typology, Media, Art and New Perspectıves. (Edit. Çevik, S. Demirel, Ö. & Özdoğan, H.). Liver De Lyon. Lyon.
• Mikaeili, M., Aytug, K., (2019). Evaluation of Iran Cultural Tourism Potential from the European Union Perspective: Jolfa Region. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Publisher: Springer International Publishing. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation book series (ASTI). pp.115-130. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10804-5_12.
• Mikaeili, M., (2018). Historical Urban Public Spaces in Place-Making Perspective: Case Study Erzurum City. ISUEP2018 International Symposium on Urbanization and Environmental Problems: Transition/Transformation/ Authenticity, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, s.370-377.
• Moughtin, C., (2003). Urban Design: Street and Square (Third Edition). Architectural Press An imprint of Elsevier Science. EU.
• Mosler, S., (2019). Everyday heritage concept as an approach to place-making process in the urban landscape. Journal of Urban Design, 24, (5), p.778-793.
• Ni, Ch., & Say, D., (2023). Placemaking and Tourism to Build Resilience: A Quest for Sustaining Peripheral Island Communities in Taiwan. Sustainability, Vol. 15, 699, 1-23.
• Norberg-Schulz, C. H., (1980). Genius-Loci: Towards A Phenomenology of Architecture. New York: Rizzoli.
• Oxford English Dictionary, (2023). Dictionary. Accessed Address (10.07.2023): https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/place.
• ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister), (2005). Bristol Accord Conclusions of Ministerial Informal on Sustainable Communities in Europe. UK Presıdency of the EU, Bristol, 6-7 December. Accessed Address (05.06.2023): https://www.eib.org/attachments/jessica_bristol_accord_sustainable_communities.pdf PPS, (Project for Public Spaces), (2023). Placemaking: What if We Built Our Cities Around Places? Accessed Address (05.07.2023): https://www.pps.org/publications
• Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. Pion, London.
• Richards, G., (2022). Urban Tourism as a Specıal Type of Cultural Tourism, (Chapter 3). Research Agenda for Urban Tourism. 31–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789907407.00009
• Saar, M., Palang, H., (2009). The Dimensions of Place Meanings. Living Review in Landscape Research. Vol. 3, 3. http://www.livingreviews.org/lrlr-2009-3
• Seamon D., (2017). Architecture, Place, and Phenomenology: Lifeworlds, Atmospheres, and Environmental Wholes. www.arch.ksu.edu/seamon/.
• Seamon, D., (2012). Place, Place Identity, and Phenomenology: A Triadic Interpretation Based on J.G. Bennett’s Systematics. 3-21, Bentham Science Publishers. The Role of Place Identity in the Perception, Understanding, and Design of Built Environments. Bentham Science Publishers.
• Sepea, M. & Pitt, M., (2014). The Characters of Place in Urban Design. Urban Design International Vol. 19, 3, 215–227. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1357-5317.
• Shaw, K., & Montana, G., (2014). Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne. Urban Policy and Research, Vol. 34, 2, 166-189.
• Sofield, T., Guia a J. & Specht J., (2017). Organic Folkloric Community Driven Place-Making and Tourism. Elsevier, Tourism Management, 16, 1-22. Accessed Address (05.07.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026151771730002X
• Strydom, W., Puren, K., & Drewes, E. (2018). Exploring theoretical trends in placemaking: Towards new perspectives in spatial planning. Journal of Place Management and Development, 11(2), p. 165-180.
• Switalski, M., Torres M. G. & Gret-Regamey, A., (2023). The 3P’s of Place-making: Measuring Place-Making Through the Latent Components of Person, Procedures and Place. Elsevier, Science Direct: Landscape and Urban Planning, 238, 104817, 1-14.
• Switalski, M., & Gret-Regamey, A., (2021). Operationalising Place for Land System Science. Springer, Sustainability Science, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020- 00827-5
• Toolis, E. E., (2017). Theorizing Critical Place-Making as a Tool for Reclaiming Public Space. American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 59,1-2, 184-199.
• Türkiye Kültür Portalı, (2023). Accessed Address (13.10.2023) https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/bursa/gezilecekyer/cumhuriyet-caddesi
• Ugalde, P.C., & Kuhn, S.L., (2024). Making Places in the World: An Ethnographic Review and Archaeologic Perspective on Hunter-Gatherer Relationships With Trees. Elsevier, Science Direct, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 73, 101572, 1-16.
• Wang, J., (2012). Problems and solutions in the protection of historical urban areas. Frontier of Architectural Research. 1, 40-43.
• Wyckoff, A. M., (2014). Definition of Place-Making: Four Different Types. (FAICP), MSU Land Policy Institute.
• Yılmaz, S., (2012). Hamidiye’den Meşrutiyet’e, Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e Bir Yol Hikayesi. Bursa’da Zaman. Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür Dergisi, Yıl:1, 1, Bursa.
• Zitcer, A., (2020). Making up Creative Placemaking. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 40 (3), 278-288.
• Zhu, X., Guan, Y., Ni, N., & Ho, P., (2024). Place-making of “New Nostalgic Space” in Urban Development: The Case of Lane 1192 in China. Elsevier, Science Direct, Geoforum, 150, 103988, 1-10.

Mekan Oluşturma Kavramının İncelenmesi Bursa'nin Tarihi Cumhuriyet Caddesinde

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 424 – 439, 30.07.2024

Mahshid Mikaeili Volkan Müftüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1409239

Öz

Tarihi kentlerde kentsel kamusal açık alan kimliği, toplulukların kimliğinin şekillenmesine katkıda bulunan temel bir unsurdur. Mimari unsurlar toplumun kimliğini ifade etmeyi ve kimliğin sürekliliğini sağlamayı başarmaktadır. Kentin kimliği; kentin coğrafi bağlamı, kültürel düzeyi, mimari unsurları, yerel gelenekleri ve kamusal açık alanlarının kalitesiyle belirlenmektedir.
Son yıllarda çok boyutlu mekân oluşturma kavramı, kentsel kimliğin arttırılmasında ilgi çekici bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Mekân oluşturma kavramı, kentsel çevreyi ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla planlama, tasarım ve kentsel kamusal açık alan yönetiminde çok disiplinli bir yaklaşımı tanımlamak için ortaya atılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; tarihi kamusal açık alanlardaki mekânların kalitesinin artırılmasına yönelik mekân ve mekân oluşturma kavramları ortaya konularak, konunun kavramsal çerçevesi çizilmiştir. Çalışma alanı, yaya yolu olarak geleneksel ticaret merkezi içerisinde yer alan Bursa kentinin tarihi merkezindeki Cumhuriyet Caddesi’dir. Tarihi arka plan, kentin tarihi merkezinde mekân oluşturma konsepti yaratma potansiyelini ortaya koymak için incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mekan Oluşturma, Kent Kimliği, Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Bursa

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, TR Dizin etik kurul izni gerektiren çalışma grubunda yer almamaktadır.

Kaynakça

• Alderman, DH., Benjamin, SK. & Schneider, P. (2012). Transforming mount airy into mayberry Film-induced tourism as place-making. Southeast Geograp, 52, 2, 212–239.
• Amirzadeh, M., & Sharifi, A., (2024).The Evolutionary Path of Place Making: From Late Twentieth Century to Post-Pandemic Cities. Elsevier, Science Direct, Land Use Policy, 141, 107124, 1-24.
• Aytuğ, M., & Mikaeili, M., (2018). A Discussion on the Izmir Coal Gas Factory as a Place-Making Experience According to the EU Industrial Heritage Tourism Perspective. International Symposium on Advancements in Tourism, Recreation and Sports Sciences (ATRSS 18), 5-8 September, Podgorica, Montenegro. Proceeding Book, 88-99.
• Beza, B.B., (2016). The Role of Deliberative Planning in Translating Best Practice into Good Practice: From Placeless-ness to Placemaking. Planning Theory and Practice, Vol. 17, 2, 244-263.
• Bursa Turizm Portalı (2023). Bursa Tarihi Çarşı ve Hanlar Bölgesi Haritası. Erişilen Adres (05.06.2023): https://www.bursa.com.tr/tr/turizm-haritalari/222.
• CHCFE Consortium, (2015). Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe Report. Krakow: International Cultural Centre.
• Cresswell, T., (1996). In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology and Transgression, Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press. London. The UK.
• Çakıcı, Ş., (2009). 100 Yıllık Planlama Sürecinde Bursa Tarihi Kent Merkezi’nin Değişimi ve Koru(n)ma Kararları:1890-1990. Tarihi Çevrede Koruma: Yaklaşımlar, Uygulamalar, Dosya 14.2.
• Dwyer, L., (2023). Tourism Development to Enhance Resident Well-Being: A Strong Sustainability Perspective. Sustainability, 15, (4), 3321, 1-16.
• Fletchall, A.M., (2016). Place-Making Through Beer-Drinking: A Case Study of Montana’s Craft Breweries. Geographical Review, 106, 539-566.
• Grabow, S. H., (2015). Principles of Community Place-making and Making Places Special: Professional Guide. University of Wisconsin-Extension Jefferson County Office.
• Gönül, A., Durak, S., & Arslan, T. V., (2017). Analysis Of Urban Identity Of A Palimpsest City: Bursa City Center as a Case. Paradoks: The Journal of Economics, Sociology & Politics, 13(1).
• Hague, C. & Jenkins, P., (2005). Place Identity, Participation and Planning, Routledge, Oxfordshire. Jacobs, J., (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Published in New York by Random House.
• Karadal, S. T., (2020). Tarihi Kent Merkezlerinde Yürünebilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi “Bursa Cumhuriyet Caddesi Yayalaştırma Örneği”. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa. YÖK veri tabanından erişildi Erişim Adresi (15.06.2023): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=Eb5EkakJlp3olBdo_wNEGRZA3bL_8IUZu648gcdFz_nak4oaEQVZ-7KeFxWoIL_l
• Lew, A. A., (2017). Tourism Planning and Place Making: Place-Making or Placemaking? Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, Vol. 19, 3, 448-466.
• Markusen, A., & Gadwa, A., (2010). Creative Placemaking. Washington DC/USA: National Endowment for the Arts.
• Mateo-Babiano, I., & Lee, G., (2020). People in Place: Placemaking Fundamentals: In Placemaking Fundamentals for the Built Environment. (Edit. Dominique, H. & Santin, H.). Cristina Book Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
• Mikaeili, M., (2023). The Concept of Place-making and Intercultural Cities: Case Study of Türkiye. Change-Transformation and Critique OF Urban Spaces Urban Spaces: Typology, Media, Art and New Perspectıves. (Edit. Çevik, S. Demirel, Ö. & Özdoğan, H.). Liver De Lyon. Lyon.
• Mikaeili, M., Aytug, K., (2019). Evaluation of Iran Cultural Tourism Potential from the European Union Perspective: Jolfa Region. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Publisher: Springer International Publishing. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation book series (ASTI). pp.115-130. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10804-5_12.
• Mikaeili, M., (2018). Historical Urban Public Spaces in Place-Making Perspective: Case Study Erzurum City. ISUEP2018 International Symposium on Urbanization and Environmental Problems: Transition/Transformation/ Authenticity, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, s.370-377.
• Moughtin, C., (2003). Urban Design: Street and Square (Third Edition). Architectural Press An imprint of Elsevier Science. EU.
• Mosler, S., (2019). Everyday heritage concept as an approach to place-making process in the urban landscape. Journal of Urban Design, 24, (5), p.778-793.
• Ni, Ch., & Say, D., (2023). Placemaking and Tourism to Build Resilience: A Quest for Sustaining Peripheral Island Communities in Taiwan. Sustainability, Vol. 15, 699, 1-23.
• Norberg-Schulz, C. H., (1980). Genius-Loci: Towards A Phenomenology of Architecture. New York: Rizzoli.
• Oxford English Dictionary, (2023). Dictionary. Accessed Address (10.07.2023): https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/place.
• ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister), (2005). Bristol Accord Conclusions of Ministerial Informal on Sustainable Communities in Europe. UK Presıdency of the EU, Bristol, 6-7 December. Accessed Address (05.06.2023): https://www.eib.org/attachments/jessica_bristol_accord_sustainable_communities.pdf PPS, (Project for Public Spaces), (2023). Placemaking: What if We Built Our Cities Around Places? Accessed Address (05.07.2023): https://www.pps.org/publications
• Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. Pion, London.
• Richards, G., (2022). Urban Tourism as a Specıal Type of Cultural Tourism, (Chapter 3). Research Agenda for Urban Tourism. 31–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789907407.00009
• Saar, M., Palang, H., (2009). The Dimensions of Place Meanings. Living Review in Landscape Research. Vol. 3, 3. http://www.livingreviews.org/lrlr-2009-3
• Seamon D., (2017). Architecture, Place, and Phenomenology: Lifeworlds, Atmospheres, and Environmental Wholes. www.arch.ksu.edu/seamon/.
• Seamon, D., (2012). Place, Place Identity, and Phenomenology: A Triadic Interpretation Based on J.G. Bennett’s Systematics. 3-21, Bentham Science Publishers. The Role of Place Identity in the Perception, Understanding, and Design of Built Environments. Bentham Science Publishers.
• Sepea, M. & Pitt, M., (2014). The Characters of Place in Urban Design. Urban Design International Vol. 19, 3, 215–227. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1357-5317.
• Shaw, K., & Montana, G., (2014). Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne. Urban Policy and Research, Vol. 34, 2, 166-189.
• Sofield, T., Guia a J. & Specht J., (2017). Organic Folkloric Community Driven Place-Making and Tourism. Elsevier, Tourism Management, 16, 1-22. Accessed Address (05.07.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026151771730002X
• Strydom, W., Puren, K., & Drewes, E. (2018). Exploring theoretical trends in placemaking: Towards new perspectives in spatial planning. Journal of Place Management and Development, 11(2), p. 165-180.
• Switalski, M., Torres M. G. & Gret-Regamey, A., (2023). The 3P’s of Place-making: Measuring Place-Making Through the Latent Components of Person, Procedures and Place. Elsevier, Science Direct: Landscape and Urban Planning, 238, 104817, 1-14.
• Switalski, M., & Gret-Regamey, A., (2021). Operationalising Place for Land System Science. Springer, Sustainability Science, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020- 00827-5
• Toolis, E. E., (2017). Theorizing Critical Place-Making as a Tool for Reclaiming Public Space. American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 59,1-2, 184-199.
• Türkiye Kültür Portalı, (2023). Accessed Address (13.10.2023) https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/bursa/gezilecekyer/cumhuriyet-caddesi
• Ugalde, P.C., & Kuhn, S.L., (2024). Making Places in the World: An Ethnographic Review and Archaeologic Perspective on Hunter-Gatherer Relationships With Trees. Elsevier, Science Direct, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 73, 101572, 1-16.
• Wang, J., (2012). Problems and solutions in the protection of historical urban areas. Frontier of Architectural Research. 1, 40-43.
• Wyckoff, A. M., (2014). Definition of Place-Making: Four Different Types. (FAICP), MSU Land Policy Institute.
• Yılmaz, S., (2012). Hamidiye’den Meşrutiyet’e, Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e Bir Yol Hikayesi. Bursa’da Zaman. Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür Dergisi, Yıl:1, 1, Bursa.
• Zitcer, A., (2020). Making up Creative Placemaking. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 40 (3), 278-288.
• Zhu, X., Guan, Y., Ni, N., & Ho, P., (2024). Place-making of “New Nostalgic Space” in Urban Development: The Case of Lane 1192 in China. Elsevier, Science Direct, Geoforum, 150, 103988, 1-10.

Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

Download or read online: Click here