Gıpta Duygusunun Bireyin Kişisel ve Dinî Hayatındaki Rolüne Dair Nitel Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 56, 97 – 125, 30.06.2024

Esra İrk Sümeyra Sarı Beyatlı İbrahim Gürses

https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1336875

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, gıpta duygusunu incelemek ve bu duygunun katılımcıların yaşantılarında nasıl bir rol oynadığını tespit etmektir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 30-50 yaş aralığında en az lisans eğitimine sahip olan 8 erkek ve 8 kadın olmak üzere toplam 16 katılımcı ile yüz yüze ve online olarak görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2022 programı kullanılarak tematik içerik analizi ile yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların, gıptayı içinde iyi niyet ve sevgi barındıran pozitif bir duygu olarak ele aldıkları ve özenme, hayranlık, takdir etme gibi duygularla ilişkilendirdikleri görülmüştür. Katılımcılar, gıptanın kişisel gelişime yardımcı olduğunu ve önemli bir motivasyon kaynağı olduğunu dile getirmişlerdir. Ayrıca gıptanın dinî/manevî gelişimi destekleyen bir yönü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Din Psikolojisi, İslam Düşüncesi, Gıpta Duygusu, Kişisel Gelişim, Dini Şahsiyetler

Kaynakça

  • Alase, Abayomi. “The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach”. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 5/2 (2017), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9.
  • Algoe, Sara B. – Haidt, Jonathan. “Witnessing Excellence in Action: The ‘Other-Praising’ Emotions of Elevation, Gratitude, and Admiration”. The Journal of Positive Psychology 4/2 (2009), 105-127. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/17439760802650519.
  • Alicke, Mark D. – Zell, Ethan. “Social Comparison and Envy”. Envy: Theory and Research. ed. Richard H. Smith. 73-93. Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Ateş, Süleyman. İslam Tasavvufu. İstanbul: Yeni Ufuk Neşriyat, 4. Basım, 2004.
  • Ateş, Süleyman. Yüce Kur’ân’ın Çağdaş Tefsiri. 12 Cilt. İstanbul: Yeni Ufuk Neşriyat, 1989.
  • Bedeian, Arthur G. “Workplace Envy”. Organizational Dynamics 23/4 (1995), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(95)90016-0.
  • Belk, Russell. “Benign Envy”. AMS Review 1/3-4 (2011), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13162-011-0018-x.
  • Beyhâkî, Ebû Bekr Ahmed b. Hüseyn b. Alî. el-Câmi’li-Şuabi’l- Îmân. çev. Hüseyin Yıldız vd. İstanbul: Ocak Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cebecioğlu, Ethem. Tasavvuf Terimleri ve Deyimleri Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Ağaç Kitabevi Yayınları, 5. Basım, 2009.
  • Cevziyye, İbn Kayyım. Allah Sevgisi. çev. İshak Emin Aktepe – Ahmet Akbaş. İstanbul: Karınca & Polen Yayınları, 2012.
  • Cevziyye, İbn Kayyım. İbn Kayyim Tefsiri: Bedâi’u’t-Tefsîr. çev. Mehmet Ali Kara. thk. es-Seyyid Yüsrî Muhammed. 4 Cilt. İstanbul: Polen Yayınları, 2011.
  • Cohen-Charash, Yochi – Larson, Elliott C. “An Emotion Divided: Studying Envy Is Better Than Studying ‘Benign’ and ‘Malicious’ Envy”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 26/2 (2017a), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416683667
  • Creswell, John W. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013.
  • Crusius, Jan vd. “Envy: An Adversarial Review and Comparison of Two Competing Views”. Emotion Review 12/1 (Ocak 2020), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073919873131.
  • Crusius, Jan – Lange, Jens. “What Catches the Envious Eye? Attentional Biases Within Malicious and Benign Envy”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55 (Kasım 2014), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jesp.2014.05.007.
  • Çırpan, Yasemin – Özdoğru, Asil Ali. “BeMaS Haset ve Gıpta Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması.” Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 18/6 (2017), 577-585.
  • Erdem, Hüsameddin. “Gıpta”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 44 C. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1996.
  • Ergün Çalşimşek, S. Zeynep. Dinî Tutum ve Öz Saygının Haset ve Gıptayla İlişkisi. Kastamonu: Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020.
  • Feather, Norman T. vd. “Integrating Multiple Perspectives on Schadenfreude: The Role of Deservingness and Emotions”. Motivation and Emotion 37/3 (2013), 574-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9331-4
  • Gazâlî, Ebû Hâmid Muhammed b. Muhammed. , İhyâ-i ‘Ulûmi’d-Dîn. çev. Ahmet Serdaroğlu. 4 Cilt. İstanbul: Bedir Yayınları, 2019.
  • Glesne, Corrine. Nitel Araştirmaya Giriş. çev. Ali Ersoy – Pelin Yalçınoğlu. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 3. Basım, 2013.
  • Greenier, Keegan D. “The Roles of Disliking, Deservingness, and Envy in Predicting Schadenfreude”. Psychological Reports 124/3 (2021), 1220-1236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120921358.
  • Hacker, P.M.S. The Passions: A Study of Human Nature. Oxford: Wiley/Blackwell, 2018.
  • Henniger, Nicole E – Harris, Christine R. “Can Negative Social Emotions Have Positive Consequences? An Examination of Embarrassment, Shame, Guilt, Jealousy, and Envy”. The Positive Side of Negative Emotions. ed. W. Gerrod Parrott. 76-97. New York: Guilford Press, 2014.
  • Hill, Sarah E. vd. “The Cognitive Consequences of Envy: Attention, Memory, and Self- Regulatory Depletion”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101/4 (2011), 653-666. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023904
  • İsfahânî, Ebu’l-Kâsım er-Râgıb. Erdemli Yol. çev. Muharrem Tan. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 4.B., 2019.
  • Kurtubî, Ebû Abdillah Muhammed b. Ahmed. el-Câmi‘li Ahkâmi’l-Kur’ân. çev. M. Beşir Eryarsoy. 20 Cilt. İstanbul: Buruc Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2001.
  • Kwon, Mijin vd. “Envy Takes You Further: The Influence of Benign Envy on Risk Taking”. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 45/1 (2017), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5977
  • Lange, Jens vd. “Elucidating the Dark Side of Envy: Distinctive Links of Benign and Malicious Envy With Dark Personalities”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44/4 (2018), 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217746340
  • Lange, Jens – Crusius, Jan. “Dispositional Envy Revisited: Unraveling the Motivational Dynamics of Benign and Malicious Envy”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41/2 (2015a), 284-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214564959.
  • Lin, Ruoyun – Utz, Sonja. “The Emotional Responses of Browsing Facebook: Happiness, Envy, and the Role of Tie Strength”. Computers in Human Behaviour 52 (Kasım 2015), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.064.
  • Lockwood, Penelope – Kunda, Ziva. “Superstars and Me: Predicting the Impact of Role Models on the Self”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73/1 (1997), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.91.
  • Massey, Douglas S. “A Brief History of Human Society: The Origin and Role of Emotion in Social Life”. American Sociological Review 67 (Şubat 2002), 1-29.
  • Miceli, Maria – Castelfranchi, Cristiano. “The Envious Mind”. Cognition and Emotion 21/3 (2007), 449-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930600814735.
  • Muhâsibî, Haris b. Esed. er-Riâye, Nefs Muhasebesinin Temelleri. çev. Şahin Filiz – Hülya Küçük. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 4. Basım, 2011.
  • Neu, Jerume. “Jealous Thoughts”. Explaining Emotions. ed. Amelié Oksenberg Rotry. 425-463. Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1980.
  • Nevevî, Ebû Zekeriyyâ Muhyiddin Yahyâ b. Şeref b. Muri. Riyâzü’s-Sâlihîn. çev. M. Yaşar Kandemir vd. 8 Cilt. İstanbul: Erkam, 2009.
  • Ouspensky, Peter D. İnsanın Olası Dönüşüm Psikolojisi. çev. Şule Özgezer. İstanbul: Hermes Yayınları, 2021.
  • Özafşar, Mehmet Emin vd. Hadislerle İslam. 7 Cilt. Ankara: DİB Yayınları, 2014.
  • Parrott, W. Gerrod. “The Emotional Experience of Envy and Jealousy”. The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy. ed. Peter Salovey. 3-30. Guilford Press, 1991.
  • Parrott, W. Gerrod – Smith, Richard H. “Distinguishing the Experiences of Envy and Jealousy”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64/6 (1993), 906-920. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906.
  • Passons, William R. Gestalt Approaches in Counseling. Newyork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.
  • Polat, Yeliz B. “Haset, İmrenme ve Kıskançlık Duygu Durumlarının Ayrııştırılması”. Aydın İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi 3/2 (01 Aralık 2017), 29-42.
  • Polkinghorne, Donald E. “Phenomenological Research Methods”. Existential-Phenomenological Perspectives in Psychology: Exploring the Breadth of Human Experience. ed. Ronald S. Valle – Steen Halling. 41-60. New York, US: Plenum Press, 1989.
  • Powell, Caitlin A. J. vd. “Schadenfreude Caused by an Envied Person’s Pain”. Envy: Theory and Research. ed. Richard H. Smith. 148-164. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Protasi, Sara. “Varieties of Envy”. Philosophical Psychology 29/4 (2016), 535-549. https://doi.org//10.1080/09515089.2015.1115475.
  • Quintanilla, Laura – Jensen de López, Kristine. “The Niche of Envy: Conceptualization, Coping Strategies, and the Ontogenesis of Envy in Cultural Psychology”. Culture & Psychology 19/1 (2013), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X12464980.
  • Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
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A Qualitative Research on the Role of Benign Envy in the Personal and Religious Life of the Individual

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 56, 97 – 125, 30.06.2024

Esra İrk Sümeyra Sarı Beyatlı İbrahim Gürses

https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1336875

Öz

The main purpose of this research is to examine the emotion of benign envy and to determine what role this emotion plays in the lives of the participants. In this study, where qualitative research method is used, semi-structured interview technique is preferred. Face-to-face and online interviews are conducted with a total of 20 participants, consisting of 8 men and 8 women, who have at least undergraduate education in the aged between of 30-50 years who agreed to participate in the research. The obtained data is analyzed with thematic content analysis using the MAXQDA 2022 program. As a result of the research, it is seen that the participants considered benign envy as a positive emotion containing good-will and like and associated it with emotions such as emulation, admiration, and appreciation. Participants state that benign envy helps personal growth and is an important source of motivation. It is also determined that benign envy contributes to religious/spiritual development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology of Religion, Islamic Thought, Benign Envy, Personal Growth, Religious Personality

Kaynakça

  • Alase, Abayomi. “The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach”. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 5/2 (2017), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9.
  • Algoe, Sara B. – Haidt, Jonathan. “Witnessing Excellence in Action: The ‘Other-Praising’ Emotions of Elevation, Gratitude, and Admiration”. The Journal of Positive Psychology 4/2 (2009), 105-127. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/17439760802650519.
  • Alicke, Mark D. – Zell, Ethan. “Social Comparison and Envy”. Envy: Theory and Research. ed. Richard H. Smith. 73-93. Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Ateş, Süleyman. İslam Tasavvufu. İstanbul: Yeni Ufuk Neşriyat, 4. Basım, 2004.
  • Ateş, Süleyman. Yüce Kur’ân’ın Çağdaş Tefsiri. 12 Cilt. İstanbul: Yeni Ufuk Neşriyat, 1989.
  • Bedeian, Arthur G. “Workplace Envy”. Organizational Dynamics 23/4 (1995), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(95)90016-0.
  • Belk, Russell. “Benign Envy”. AMS Review 1/3-4 (2011), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13162-011-0018-x.
  • Beyhâkî, Ebû Bekr Ahmed b. Hüseyn b. Alî. el-Câmi’li-Şuabi’l- Îmân. çev. Hüseyin Yıldız vd. İstanbul: Ocak Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cebecioğlu, Ethem. Tasavvuf Terimleri ve Deyimleri Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Ağaç Kitabevi Yayınları, 5. Basım, 2009.
  • Cevziyye, İbn Kayyım. Allah Sevgisi. çev. İshak Emin Aktepe – Ahmet Akbaş. İstanbul: Karınca & Polen Yayınları, 2012.
  • Cevziyye, İbn Kayyım. İbn Kayyim Tefsiri: Bedâi’u’t-Tefsîr. çev. Mehmet Ali Kara. thk. es-Seyyid Yüsrî Muhammed. 4 Cilt. İstanbul: Polen Yayınları, 2011.
  • Cohen-Charash, Yochi – Larson, Elliott C. “An Emotion Divided: Studying Envy Is Better Than Studying ‘Benign’ and ‘Malicious’ Envy”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 26/2 (2017a), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416683667
  • Creswell, John W. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013.
  • Crusius, Jan vd. “Envy: An Adversarial Review and Comparison of Two Competing Views”. Emotion Review 12/1 (Ocak 2020), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073919873131.
  • Crusius, Jan – Lange, Jens. “What Catches the Envious Eye? Attentional Biases Within Malicious and Benign Envy”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55 (Kasım 2014), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jesp.2014.05.007.
  • Çırpan, Yasemin – Özdoğru, Asil Ali. “BeMaS Haset ve Gıpta Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması.” Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 18/6 (2017), 577-585.
  • Erdem, Hüsameddin. “Gıpta”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 44 C. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1996.
  • Ergün Çalşimşek, S. Zeynep. Dinî Tutum ve Öz Saygının Haset ve Gıptayla İlişkisi. Kastamonu: Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020.
  • Feather, Norman T. vd. “Integrating Multiple Perspectives on Schadenfreude: The Role of Deservingness and Emotions”. Motivation and Emotion 37/3 (2013), 574-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9331-4
  • Gazâlî, Ebû Hâmid Muhammed b. Muhammed. , İhyâ-i ‘Ulûmi’d-Dîn. çev. Ahmet Serdaroğlu. 4 Cilt. İstanbul: Bedir Yayınları, 2019.
  • Glesne, Corrine. Nitel Araştirmaya Giriş. çev. Ali Ersoy – Pelin Yalçınoğlu. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 3. Basım, 2013.
  • Greenier, Keegan D. “The Roles of Disliking, Deservingness, and Envy in Predicting Schadenfreude”. Psychological Reports 124/3 (2021), 1220-1236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120921358.
  • Hacker, P.M.S. The Passions: A Study of Human Nature. Oxford: Wiley/Blackwell, 2018.
  • Henniger, Nicole E – Harris, Christine R. “Can Negative Social Emotions Have Positive Consequences? An Examination of Embarrassment, Shame, Guilt, Jealousy, and Envy”. The Positive Side of Negative Emotions. ed. W. Gerrod Parrott. 76-97. New York: Guilford Press, 2014.
  • Hill, Sarah E. vd. “The Cognitive Consequences of Envy: Attention, Memory, and Self- Regulatory Depletion”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101/4 (2011), 653-666. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023904
  • İsfahânî, Ebu’l-Kâsım er-Râgıb. Erdemli Yol. çev. Muharrem Tan. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 4.B., 2019.
  • Kurtubî, Ebû Abdillah Muhammed b. Ahmed. el-Câmi‘li Ahkâmi’l-Kur’ân. çev. M. Beşir Eryarsoy. 20 Cilt. İstanbul: Buruc Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2001.
  • Kwon, Mijin vd. “Envy Takes You Further: The Influence of Benign Envy on Risk Taking”. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 45/1 (2017), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5977
  • Lange, Jens vd. “Elucidating the Dark Side of Envy: Distinctive Links of Benign and Malicious Envy With Dark Personalities”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44/4 (2018), 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217746340
  • Lange, Jens – Crusius, Jan. “Dispositional Envy Revisited: Unraveling the Motivational Dynamics of Benign and Malicious Envy”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41/2 (2015a), 284-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214564959.
  • Lin, Ruoyun – Utz, Sonja. “The Emotional Responses of Browsing Facebook: Happiness, Envy, and the Role of Tie Strength”. Computers in Human Behaviour 52 (Kasım 2015), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.064.
  • Lockwood, Penelope – Kunda, Ziva. “Superstars and Me: Predicting the Impact of Role Models on the Self”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73/1 (1997), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.91.
  • Massey, Douglas S. “A Brief History of Human Society: The Origin and Role of Emotion in Social Life”. American Sociological Review 67 (Şubat 2002), 1-29.
  • Miceli, Maria – Castelfranchi, Cristiano. “The Envious Mind”. Cognition and Emotion 21/3 (2007), 449-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930600814735.
  • Muhâsibî, Haris b. Esed. er-Riâye, Nefs Muhasebesinin Temelleri. çev. Şahin Filiz – Hülya Küçük. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 4. Basım, 2011.
  • Neu, Jerume. “Jealous Thoughts”. Explaining Emotions. ed. Amelié Oksenberg Rotry. 425-463. Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1980.
  • Nevevî, Ebû Zekeriyyâ Muhyiddin Yahyâ b. Şeref b. Muri. Riyâzü’s-Sâlihîn. çev. M. Yaşar Kandemir vd. 8 Cilt. İstanbul: Erkam, 2009.
  • Ouspensky, Peter D. İnsanın Olası Dönüşüm Psikolojisi. çev. Şule Özgezer. İstanbul: Hermes Yayınları, 2021.
  • Özafşar, Mehmet Emin vd. Hadislerle İslam. 7 Cilt. Ankara: DİB Yayınları, 2014.
  • Parrott, W. Gerrod. “The Emotional Experience of Envy and Jealousy”. The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy. ed. Peter Salovey. 3-30. Guilford Press, 1991.
  • Parrott, W. Gerrod – Smith, Richard H. “Distinguishing the Experiences of Envy and Jealousy”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64/6 (1993), 906-920. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906.
  • Passons, William R. Gestalt Approaches in Counseling. Newyork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.
  • Polat, Yeliz B. “Haset, İmrenme ve Kıskançlık Duygu Durumlarının Ayrııştırılması”. Aydın İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi 3/2 (01 Aralık 2017), 29-42.
  • Polkinghorne, Donald E. “Phenomenological Research Methods”. Existential-Phenomenological Perspectives in Psychology: Exploring the Breadth of Human Experience. ed. Ronald S. Valle – Steen Halling. 41-60. New York, US: Plenum Press, 1989.
  • Powell, Caitlin A. J. vd. “Schadenfreude Caused by an Envied Person’s Pain”. Envy: Theory and Research. ed. Richard H. Smith. 148-164. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Protasi, Sara. “Varieties of Envy”. Philosophical Psychology 29/4 (2016), 535-549. https://doi.org//10.1080/09515089.2015.1115475.
  • Quintanilla, Laura – Jensen de López, Kristine. “The Niche of Envy: Conceptualization, Coping Strategies, and the Ontogenesis of Envy in Cultural Psychology”. Culture & Psychology 19/1 (2013), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X12464980.
  • Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
  • Salovey, Peter – Rodin, Judith. “Provoking Jealousy and Envy: Domain Relevance and Self-Esteem Threat”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 10/4 (1991), 395-413. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1991.10.4.395.
  • Schindler, Ines vd. “Linking Admiration and Adoration to Self-Expansion: Different Ways to Enhance One’s Potential”. Cognition and Emotion 29/2 (2015), 292-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.903230.
  • Schoeck, Helmut. Envy: A Theory of Social Behavior. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969.
  • Shrand, Joseph – Leigh, Devine. Outsmarting Anger: 7 Strategies for Defusing Our Most Dangerous Emotion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013.
  • Smith, Richard H. “Envy and the Sense of Injustice”. The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy. ed. Peter Salovey. 79-99. Guilford Press, 1991.
  • Smith, Richard H. – Kim, Sung Hee. “Comprehending Envy”. Psychological Bulletin 133/1 (2007), 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46
  • Sterling, Cheristopher M. vd. “The Two Faces of Envy: Studying Benign and Malicious Envy in the Workplace”. Envy at Work And In Organizations: Research, Theory, and Applications. ed. Richard H. Smith – Michelle K. Duffy. 57-84. Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Şener, Abdülkâdir vd. (ed.). Yüce Kur'an ve Açıklamalı-Yorumlu Meali. İzmir: Tibyan Yayıncılık, 5. Basım, 2016.
  • Şimşek – Yıldırım, Ali. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık, 11. Basım, 2018.
  • Teigen, Karl Halvor. “Luck, Envy and Gratitude: It Could Have Been Different”. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 38/4 (1997), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00041.
  • Tuğrul, Ceylan. “Duygusal Zeka” Klinik Psikiyatri 1 (1999), 12-20. van de Ven, Niels. “Envy and Its Consequences: Why It Is Useful to Distinguish Between Benign and Malicious Envy.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10/6 (Haziran 2016), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12253.
  • van de Ven, Niels vd. “Appraisal Patterns of Envy and Related Emotions”. Motivation and Emotion 36/2 (2012), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9235-8.
  • van de Ven, Niels vd. “Leveling Up and Down: The Experience of Benign and Ealicious envy”. Emotion Review 9/3 (2009), 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015669.
  • van de Ven, Niels vd. “Why Envy Outperforms Admiration”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37/6 (2011b). https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211400421.
  • Vrabel, Jennifer K. vd. “Self-Esteem and Envy: Is State Self-Esteem Instability Associated with the Benign and Malicious Forms of Envy?” Personality and Individual Differences 123 (01 Mart 2018), 100-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.001.
  • Yang – Tang, Rixin. “Validating the ‘Two Faces’ of Envy: The Effect of Self-Control”. Front. Psychol 12 (Ekim 2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731451.
  • Yazçiçek, Ramazan. Haset. İstanbul: Ekin Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2014.
  • Yazır, E.M.Hamdi. Hak Dini Kur’an Dili. 10 Cilt. İstanbul: Zehraveyn Yayınları, 1992.
  • Zagzebski, Linda. “Admiration and Admirable”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary 89/1 (2015), 205-221.

Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)
BölümMakaleler
Yazarlar

Esra İrk PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-0538-1178 Türkiye

Sümeyra Sarı Beyatlı Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü 0000-0002-3442-1220 Türkiye

İbrahim Gürses Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi 0000-0002-1424-4626 Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi2 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

ISNADİrk, Esra vd. “Gıpta Duygusunun Bireyin Kişisel Ve Dinî Hayatındaki Rolüne Dair Nitel Bir Araştırma”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 56 (Haziran 2024), 97-125. https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1336875.

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