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HAKÎM et-TİRMİZÎ Skip to content Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. Alî b. Hasen et-Tirmizî (ö. 320/932)
Velîlik konusundaki görüşleriyle tanınan sûfî.
Tirmiz’de muhtemelen III. (IX.) yüzyılın başlarında doğdu. Hayatını ve geçirdiği ruhî gelişmenin önemli bir kısmını anlattığı Büdüvvü şeʾn adlı risâlesinde, “kaderinin mutlu bir tecellisi ve iyi bir hoca” diye tanımladığı bir zatın kendisini ilme teşvik ettiğini söyler. Küçük yaşlardan itibaren kendisinden naklî ve aklî ilimleri öğrendiği bu hocanın bir hadis âlimi olan babası olması çok muhtemeldir. Attâr, arkadaşları tahsil amacıyla seyahate çıktıkları zaman başka kimsesi bulunmayan annesini yalnız bırakıp onlara katılamadığı için çok üzülen Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin Hızır’la karşılaştığını ve ondan tahsil gördüğünü yazar (Teẕkiretü’l-evliyâʾ , II, 91-92). Hakîm, Tirmiz ve Belh’te birçok muhaddisten hadis dersleri aldı (Zehebî, Aʿlâmü’n-nübelâʾ , XIII, 439; Sübkî, II, 245) ve seçkin bir Hanefî fakihinden fıkıh öğrendi (Hücvîrî, s. 178). Yirmi yedi yaşında iken hacca gitme arzusuyla yola çıktı. Bir süre Irak’ta kalıp hadis dinledikten sonra Basra yoluyla Mekke’ye ulaştı. Büdüvvü şeʾn ’de, her gece seher vakti Kâbe civarında dua edip büyük günahlarından tövbe ettiğini, halini düzeltmeye, dünyaya ilgi duymamaya ve Kur’an’ı ezberlemeye muvaffak kılması için Allah’a yakardığını söyler. Hac dönüşü başladığı hâfızlığı memleketinde tamamlayan Hakîm et-Tirmizî, Allah’ı tanımak ve âhirete yönelmek için kitap okumaya ve araştırmalar yapmaya, belde belde dolaşıp bir mürşid aramaya başladı. Bu arada sürekli olarak oruç tutmaya ve nâfile namaz kılmaya devam etti. Âriflerin sözlerinden etkilendi. Ahmed b. Âsım el-Antâkî’nin bir eserinin tesiriyle riyâzet hayatı yaşaması ve çile çekmesi gerektiğine kanaat getirerek bu yolu tuttu. Yalnızlıktan hoşlandığı, tek başına kırlarda gezdiği ve sık sık harabe ve mezarlıkları ziyaret ettiği bu dönemde kendisine yardım edecek samimi dostlar bulamadığını, ıssız yerlerde dolaşmaya devam ettiği sırada rüyasında Hz. Peygamber’i gördüğünü, nihayet Hak ile arasındaki perdenin kalktığını ve ilhama mazhar olduğunu, meclisine gelenlerle sabahlara kadar sohbet etmeye ve Allah’a yalvarıp yakarmaya başladığını söyler (Büdüvvü şeʾn , s. 14-17).
Ahmed b. Hadraveyh, Yahyâ b. Muâz er-Râzî ve Ebû Türâb en-Nahşebî gibi büyük sûfîlerin sohbetine katılma imkânını bulan Hakîm et-Tirmizî tasavvuf, ahlâk, kelâm, hadis, tefsir, mezhepler tarihi ve dil ilimleri gibi çok değişik konularda eserler yazmış ve bu eserler ilgiyle karşılanmış; ancak bu durum bazılarının onu kıskanmasına, bazı sözlerini yanlış yorumlayarak kendisini suçlamasına, hatta iftirada bulunmasına yol açmıştır. Nitekim aşktan bahsettiği, halkın ahlâkını bozduğu, bid‘at çıkardığı ve peygamber olduğunu iddia ettiği ileri sürülerek Belh valisine şikâyet edilmiş, vali bu konularda konuşmayacağına dair kendisinden yazılı bir belge almıştır (a.g.e. , s. 17, 18). Hakîm et-Tirmizî çektiği sıkıntıların kendisini daha da olgunlaştırdığını, karşılaştığı belâlardan zevk alır hale geldiğini, kalp gözünün açıldığını ve ruhen yükseldiğini hissettiğini, çıkan bir kargaşa sonunda kendisine eziyet edenlerin beldelerinden kaçmak zorunda kaldıklarını, ona hürmet eden insanların sohbetine devam etmeye başladıklarını söyler (a.g.e. , s. 19). Mânevî yükselişini genişçe anlattığı Büdüvvü şeʾn ’de hayatının son dönemi hakkında bilgi yoktur. Ömrünün sonuna kadar eser yazmayı, çevresinde toplanan müridlerin terbiye ve irşadıyla meşgul olmayı sürdüren Hakîm Tirmiz’de vefat etti. Türbesi Tirmiz halkı tarafından bugün de ziyaret edilmektedir.
Hakîm et-Tirmizî kendine mahsus bir üslûpla nakille aklı bağdaştırmaya, naklî ilimleri aklî bir temele dayandırmaya çalışmıştır. Özellikle Helenistik felsefeden ve gnostisizmden gelen hikmet anlayışını tasavvufa aktararak bu hareketin yeni bir döneme girmesine katkıda bulunmuş ve bu sebeple “Hakîm” diye anılmıştır (Hakîm et-Tirmizî, Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ , nâşirin mukaddimesi, s. 8).
Tasavvufu geniş ölçüde hikmet olarak anlayan Hakîm et-Tirmizî bilgiyi ilim, zâhir hikmet, bâtın hikmet şeklinde üçe ayırmış, daima bilginin son iki çeşidi üzerinde durmuştur. Ona göre tasavvuf sadece mânevî haller değil aynı zamanda hikmetler yani objektif gerçeklerdir. Peygamberlerin ve velîlerin sahip oldukları bilgiler yüce ve gizli hikmetler olup bunlar kendilerine doğrudan Allah tarafından verilir. Hak, adl ve sıdk terimleri Hakîm’in üzerinde önemle durduğu kavramlardır. Hak organlar, adl kalpler, sıdk akıllar için söz konusudur. Hak, adl ve sıdk hem mârifet hem din olduğundan belli bir noktada din mârifetten ibaret olur. Hak şeriat ulemâsının, adl hakîmlerin konusudur; sıdk ise hikmet sahiplerine Allah’ın bir lutfudur.
Hakîm’e göre ruhî faaliyetler ya beşerî çaba veya ilâhî inâyetle (himmet) gerçekleşir. Birinci durumda genel, ikinci durumda özel velâyet bahis konusu olur. Allah’ın hukukuna riayet eden velîler, dinin emir ve yasaklarına uymalarının yanı sıra niyeti düzeltme ve nefis murakabesi gibi mânevî hallere de dikkat ederler. Gerçekten Allah’ın dostları iseler O’nun lutfuyla velîliğin en yüksek seviyesine ulaşırlar. Onlar her zaman iyi iş yapmayı âdet edindiklerinden hatadan korunurlar. Çünkü iyilik yapma kendilerinde tabii bir meleke haline gelmiştir (a.g.e. , s. 117-127). Allah’tan ilham alan velî (muhaddes, mükellem) gerçek anlamda bu dereceye sahip olunca aldığı bilgilerin doğruluğundan emin olur. Şeytan vahye yanlış bilgiler karıştıramadığı gibi nefis de velînin ilhamını bozamaz. Velîlik de peygamberlik gibi kesbî olmayıp ilâhî bir lutuftur. Ancak peygamberlerin Allah’tan aldıklarını tebliğ etme görevleri bulunduğu halde velîlik tamamıyla özel bir mahiyet taşır. Bundan dolayı peygamberin mûcize gibi bir delile ihtiyacı olmasına karşılık velînin böyle bir delile ihtiyacı yoktur. “Peygamberlik delil iledir, velîlik delildir” diyen Hakîm’e göre velî ile Allah arasındaki ilişki sevgi, gözetim ve inâyet esasına dayanır. Velîler hayrın ve faziletin canlı timsalleridir. Hak için yaşarlar, kendilerini Allah’a hizmete adarlar. Velîlik tabiatı icabı zamanla sınırlı değildir, her zaman velî bulunur. Velî semadaki ilâhî kemalin yeryüzüne yansımasıdır.
Daha çok “hatmü’l-evliyâ” konusundaki fikirleriyle dikkati çeken Hakîm et-Tirmizî’ye göre nasıl bir hâtemü’l-enbiyâ (peygamberlerin sonuncusu) varsa bir de hâtemü’l-evliyâ (son velî) vardır. Hâtemü’l-evliyâ sadece velîlerin en sonuncusu değil aynı zamanda makamı en yüce, mertebesi en yüksek olanıdır; ondan daha mükemmel bir velî yoktur (a.g.e. , s. 336-354). Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin velîlik konusunda ortaya koyduğu bu görüşler kendisinden sonra mutasavvıfları geniş ölçüde etkilemiştir. Özellikle Muhyiddin İbnü’l-Arabî onun bu nazariyesine büyük önem vermiştir.
Hakîm, Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ ve ʿİlelü’ş-şerîʿa adlı eserlerinde ileri sürdüğü fikirleri yüzünden suçlanmış, hatta bazılarına göre Tirmiz’den çıkarılmasına bu fikirler yol açmıştır. Velîleri nebîlerden üstün görmek, hiç kimsenin bilmediği ve duymadığı tarzda Allah sevgisinden bahsetmek, eserlerine mevzû hadisler almak ve bid‘atçılık yapmakla suçlanan Hakîm (Sübkî, II, 245; İbn Hacer, V, 308) bu tür konuları hayalinden bile geçirmediğini söyler (Büdüvvü şeʾn , s. 18).
Çok erken başladığı yazı hayatını ömrünün sonuna kadar devam ettiren Hakîm’in eserlerinin önemli bir kısmı günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Kendi ifadesine göre kitaplarını tasarlayarak ve önceden karar vererek değil mânevî hallerin baskısı altında kaldığı zaman teselli bulmak için yazdığından, kolay anlaşılır bir üslûpla telif etmekle beraber bir konuyu anlatırken başka bir konuya yer vermekten ve düzensizlikten kurtulamamıştır. Yaşadığı dönemde tasavvuf ve felsefe terimlerinin henüz belirginleşmemiş olması da bir ölçüde müphemliğe yol açmıştır.
Kendisinden sonraki sûfîler üzerinde etkili olan Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin görüşlerini benimseyenlerin oluşturduğu gruba Hakîmiyye adı verilmiştir. Ebû Bekir b. Verrâk ile Hasan b. Ali el-Cevzecânî bu hareketin önde gelen simalarıdır (Sülemî, s. 221, 246).
Gazzâlî, özellikle İḥyâʾü ʿulûmi’d-dîn ’in “gurur” bahsinde (III, 367-402) geniş ölçüde Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin Kitâbü’l-Ekyâs ve’l-muġterrîn ’inden, İbn Kayyim el-Cevziyye Kitâbü’r-Rûḥ ’ta onun el-Furûḳ ve menʿu’t-terâdüf ’ünden faydalanmıştır (Muhammed İbrâhim el-Ceyûşî, IQ , XX- XXII/3, s. 106-114). İbn Atâullah el-İskenderî, şeyhi Mürsî ile Ebü’l-Hasan eş-Şâzelî’nin Hakîm’e büyük değer verdiklerini, sözlerinden geniş ölçüde faydalandıklarını ve kendisini en büyük velîlerden saydıklarını bildirir. Bizzat İbn Atâullah’ta da bu tesir mevcuttur. Bahâeddin Nakşibend’in Hakîm’i büyük bir velî olarak tanıdığı ve zaman zaman onun ruhaniyetine teveccüh ettiği nakledilir (Câmî, s. 118, 119; Münâvî, II, 45). Hücvîrî’nin gönlünü fetheden Hakîm et-Tirmizî, İbnü’l-Arabî’nin hayran olduğu ve tesirinde kaldığı bir mutasavvıftır.
Eserleri. 1. Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ . Nübüvvet ve velâyet meselesinin ilk defa düzenli ve etraflı bir şekilde ele alındığı eser yirmi dokuz bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Müellif eserin dördüncü bölümünde tasavvufî mahiyette 157 soru sormuş, son derece önemli ve derin olan bu sorular hakkında herkesin konuşamayacağını, konuşmasının doğru olmayacağını anlatmak için de bunları cevapsız bırakmıştır. Daha sonra İbnü’l-Arabî bu soruları cevaplandırmak için el-Cevâbü’l-müstaḳīm ʿammâ seʾele ʿanhü et-Tirmiẕî el-Ḥakîm adlı bir eser yazdığı gibi el-Fütûḥâtü’l-Mekkiyye ’de de (II, 40-139) bu soruları daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde cevaplandırmıştır (ayrıca bk. Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ , s. 142-326). Velîliği nebîlikten üstün görmekle suçlanan ve bu yüzden Tirmiz’den ayrılmaya zorlanan Hakîm’in ne Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ da ne diğer eserlerinde velîliği nebîlikten üstün gördüğüne dair bir ifade vardır. Takıyyüddin İbn Teymiyye, Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin bu görüşünün bazı kimselerin hâtemü’l-evliyâ oldukları iddiasıyla ortaya çıkmalarına yol açtığını söyler (Mecmûʿu fetâvâ , XI, 223, 227, 263, 372, 444). Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ Osman İsmâil Yahyâ tarafından yayımlanmıştır (Mecelletü’l-Meşriḳ , LIV, 387-470; LV, 245-276; Beyrut 1965).
2. Büdüvvü şeʾn . Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin otobiyografisi olan bu risâleyi Osman Yahyâ (Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ ya yazdığı mukaddime içinde, s. 14-32) ve Muhammed Hâlid Mes‘ûd (IS , IV, 332-343) neşretmiştir.
3. ʿİlelü’ş-şerîʿa (ʿİlelü’l-ʿibâdât, ʿİlelü’l-ʿubûdiyye, Kitâbü’l-ʿİlel, Keyfiyetü’ṣ-ṣalât ve’s-sivâk) . Hakîm et-Tirmizî bu eserinde Allah’ın nuru ile bakan bir kimsenin şer‘î hükümlerin illet ve hikmetini kavrayabileceğini söyler. Bu görüşünü İs̱bâtü’l-ʿilel adlı eserinde nazarî olarak söz konusu eden Hakîm ʿİlelü’ş-şerîʿa ’da bunun nasıl uygulanacağını örneklerle göstermiştir. İlâhî emir ve yasakların bağlı olduğu bir sebebin bulunmadığını, bunlardan amacın insanların denenmesi olduğunu ileri sürenlere karşı bu tezi savunması, onun bütün dinî hükümleri akılcı bir yaklaşımla yorumladığı suçlaması ile karşılaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Eserin bir nüshası Bursa Eski Yazma ve Basma Eserler Kütüphanesi’ndedir (Haraççıoğlu, nr. 806, vr. 78a -104b ).
4. Ḥaḳīḳatü’l-âdemiyyîn (Kitâbü’r-Riyâże fî taʿalluḳi’l-emr bi’l-ḫalḳ) . Hakîm et-Tirmizî, hadis ve tasavvuf gibi ilimlerle aklî ve felsefî ilimleri bağdaştırmaya çalıştığı bu eserinde naklî ilimlerin doğruluğunu felsefî usulle ispatlamaktadır. Eser Abdülmuhsin el-Hüseynî tarafından yayımlanmıştır (Mecelletü Külliyyeti’l-âdâb , II, 50-108).
5. el-Menhiyyât . Eser, özellikle dinin yasakladığı her şeyin ardında yasaklamayı gerektiren bir sebebin bulunduğunu göstermesi bakımından ilgi çekicidir. Müellife göre her yasağın bir gerekçesi vardır; ancak bu gerekçeler farklı olduğundan yasaklar da farklıdır. Bazı hususlar haram olduğu, bazıları da edebe aykırı bulunduğu için yasaklanmıştır. Bu tür yasaklar hidayet yolunda olan kulun bu yoldan sapmaması için getirilmiştir. Hakîm et-Tirmizî, bu eserinde fıkhî hükümleri ruhî gayelere bağlayarak zâhirle bâtın arasındaki sıkı münasebeti göstermeye çalışmış, ancak çağdaşları bu yolda onu takip edememişlerdir. Eser Ebû Hâcir Muhammed es-Saîd (Beyrut 1985) ve Muhammed Osman el-Huşt (Kahire 1986) tarafından neşredilmiştir.
6. Nevâdirü’l-uṣûl fî maʿrifeti aḫbâri’r-Resûl (Selvetü’l-ʿârifîn ve bustânü’l-muvaḥḥidîn) . 291 hadisin şerhini ihtiva eder. Hakîm et-Tirmizî, diğer hadis kitaplarından farklı bir mahiyet taşıyan bu eserinde her birine “asıl” adını verdiği 291 konu başlığı tesbit etmiş, her başlığın altına bir hadisin şerhini yapmış ve konu başlığına uygun sonuçlara ulaşmaya çalışmıştır. Bu eserde müellifin asıl maksadı hadis rivayet etmek değil sözü edilen esasları açıklamak ve temellendirmektir. Mustafa b. İsmâil ed-Dımâşkī’nin Mirḳātü’l-vuṣûl li-Nevâdiri’l-uṣûl adlı hâşiyesiyle birlikte yayımlanan eserin (İstanbul 1293) tahkikli basımını Mustafa Abdülkādir Atâ gerçekleştirmiştir (I-II, Beyrut 1992). Yûsuf Abdurrahman el-Mar‘aşî eserde geçen hadisler üzerine müstakil bir çalışma yapmıştır (Fihristü eḥâdîs̱i Nevâdiri’l-uṣûl , Beyrut 1987).
7. el-Furûḳ ve menʿu’t-terâdüf . Müellif bu eserinde, eş anlamlı gibi görünen bazı kelimelerin eş anlamlı olmadığını, aralarında az veya çok bir anlam farkı bulunduğunu ispatlamaya çalışır. Eser dil ilimlerini ilgilendiriyor gibi görünürse de müellife göre konu itikadî ve fıkhî birçok mesele ile de yakından ilgilidir. Bu hususun açıklığa kavuşturulmasıyla bu meselelerin çözümleneceğini söyleyen Hakîm, eş anlamlı kelimeler arasındaki nüansları tesbit etmek için çeşitli örnekler vermiştir. Eserin bir nüshası Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde bulunmaktadır (Ayasofya, nr. 1975, vr. 1b -102b ).
Hakîm et-Tirmizî’nin yayımlanmış diğer başlıca eserleri şunlardır: Ṣıfâtü’l-ḳulûb ve aḥvâlühâ ve heyʾetü terkîbihâ (nşr. A. J. Arberry – Ali Hasan Abdülkādir, Kahire 1947); Kitâbü’r-Riyâże ve âdâbü’n-nefs (nşr. A. J. Arberry – Ali Hasan Abdülkādir, Kahire 1366); Edebü’l-ʿâlim ve’l-muʿallim (nşr. Zâhid Kevserî, Kahire 1358); Beyânü’l-farḳ beyne’ṣ-ṣadr ve’l-ḳalb ve’l-fuʾâd ve’l-lüb (nşr. Nicholas Heer, Kahire 1958; A Sûfî Pyschological Treatise. A Translation of the Beyan al-Farq bayn al-Sadr wa al-qalb wa al-Fuad wa al-Lubb , trc. Nicholas Heer, MW , LI [1961], s. 25-36, 83-91, 163-172, 244-258); eṣ-Ṣalât ve maḳāṣıdühâ (nşr. Hüsnî Nasr Zeydân, Kahire 1965; nşr. Behîc Gazzâvî, Beyrut 1986); el-Ḥac ve esrâruh (nşr. Hüsnî Nasr Zeydân, Kahire 1969); Taḥṣîlü neẓâʾiri’l-Ḳurʾân (nşr. Hüsnî Nasr Zeydân, Kahire 1389/1969); Menâzilü’l-ʿubbâd mine’l-ʿibâde (Menâzilü’l-ḳāṣıdîn ile’llāh) (Kahire 1977; nşr. M. İbrâhim el-Ceyûşî, Beyrut 1990); Ṭabâʾiʿu’n-nüfûs (nşr. Ahmed Abdürrahîm es-Sâyih – Seyyid el-Cümeylî, Kahire 1989); el-Mesâʾilü’l-meknûne (nşr. M. İbrâhim el-Ceyûşî, Kahire 1977); el-Ems̱âl mine’l-Kitâb ve’s-Sünne (nşr. Ali Muhammed el-Bicâvî, Kahire 1395/1975; nşr. Mustafa Abdülkādir Atâ, Beyrut 1989); ʿİlmü’l-evliyâʾ (nşr. Sâmî Nasr Lutf, Kahire 1983); el-ʿAḳl ve’l-hevâ (nşr. Ahmed Subhi Furat, ŞM , V [1963], s. 119-133); er-Red ʿale’r-Râfıża (nşr. Ahmed Subhi Furat, ŞM , VI [1966], s. 37-46).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Hakîm et-Tirmizî, Ḫatmü’l-evliyâʾ (nşr. Osman İsmâil Yahyâ), Beyrut 1965, nâşirin mukaddimesi, s. 8, 14-32.
a.mlf., Büdüvvü şeʾn Ebî ʿAbdillâh Muḥammed el-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî (nşr. Muhammed Khalid Masud, IS , IV [1965], içinde), tür.yer.
Sülemî, Ṭabaḳāt , s. 217-221, 246.
Ebû Nuaym, Ḥilye , X, 233-234.
Kuşeyrî, Risâle (Uludağ) , s. 149.
Hücvîrî, Keşfü’l-mahcûb (Uludağ) , s. 178-179, 265.
Herevî, Ṭabaḳāt , s. 306.
Gazzâlî, İḥyâʾ (Beyrut) , III, 367-402.
Attâr, Teẕkiretü’l-evliyâʾ (nşr. Reynold A. Nicholson), London 1905, II, 91-99.
İbnü’l-Cevzî, Ṣıfatü’ṣ-ṣafve , IV, 141-142.
İbnü’l-Arabî, el-Fütûḥât , II, 40-139.
Ahmed b. Aybek ed-Dimyâtî, el-Müstefâd min ẕeyli Târîḫi Baġdâd (nşr. M. Mevlûd Halef), Beyrut 1406/1986, s. 109, 110.
İbn Teymiyye, Mecmûʿu fetâvâ , XI, 223, 227, 263, 372, 444.
Zehebî, Aʿlâmü’n-nübelâʾ , XIII, 439-442.
a.mlf., Teẕkiretü’l-ḥuffâẓ , I, 218.
Sübkî, Ṭabaḳāt , II, 245-246.
İbn Hacer, Lisânü’l-Mîzân , V, 308-310.
Câmî, Nefeḥât , s. 118, 119.
Şa‘rânî, eṭ-Ṭabaḳāt , I, 106.
Münâvî, el-Kevâkib , II, 45, 46.
İbnü’l-İmâd, Şeẕerât , II, 154.
Arûsî, Netâʾicü’l-efkâr , Bulak 1290, I, 164-166.
Brockelmann, GAL , I, 199; Suppl. , I, 356.
Sezgin, GAS , I, 653-659.
Abdülfettâh Abdullah Bereke, el-Ḥakîmü’t-Tirmiẕî ve naẓariyyetüh fi’l-velâye , I-II, Kahire 1971.
Abdülmuhsin el-Hüseynî, el-Maʿrife ʿinde’l-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî , Kahire, ts. (Dârü’l-kâtibi’l-Arabî).
Muhammed İbrâhim el-Ceyûşî, el-Ḥakîmü’t-Tirmiẕî: Dirâse li-âs̱ârih ve efkârih , Kahire 1401/1981.
a.mlf., “al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi: His Works and Thoughts”, IQ , XIV/4 (1970), s. 59-201.
a.mlf., “al-Tirmidhi’s Theory of Saints and Sainthood”, a.e. , XV/1 (1970), s. 17-61.
a.mlf., “al-Tirmidhi’s Conception of the Areas of Interiority”, a.e. , XVI/3-4 (1970), s. 168-188.
a.mlf., “al-Tirmidhi’s Conception of the Struggle Between Qalb and Nafs”, a.e. , XVII/3-4 (1974), s. 4-13.
a.mlf., “The Influence al-Tirmidhi on Sufi Thought”, a.e. , XX-XXII/3 (1978), s. 104-115.
a.mlf., “Menhecü’l-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî fi’t-tefsîr”, ME , LIII/5 (1981), s. 898-912.
a.mlf., “Menhecü’l-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî fi’l-ḥadîs̱ ve’l-fıḳh”, a.e. , LIII/6 (1981), s. 1069-1075.
a.mlf., “Menhecü’l-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî fî ʿilmi’l-kelâm”, a.e. , LIII/8 (1981), s. 1473-1484.
O. Grabar, “The Earliest Islamic Commemorative Structures Notes and Documents”, Ars Orientalis , VI, Michigan 1966, s. 16.
Ahmed Subhi Furat, “al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmidī ve Kitāb al-ʿAql wa’l-hawā Risâlesi”, ŞM , VI (1966), s. 95-116.
a.mlf., “Tirmizî”, İA , XII/1, s. 388.
B. Radtke, “el-Ḥakîm et-Tirmiẕî”, MMLA , LIII/3 (1978), s. 561-571.
a.mlf., “Der Mystiker al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmidī”, Isl. , LVII/2 (1980), s. 237-245.
Hasan Qasım Murad, “The Life and Works of al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmidhī”, HI , II/1 (1979), s. 65-77.
Emel Esin, “Tirmiz”, İA , XII/1, s. 385.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1997 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 15. cildinde, 196-199 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.