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Hanefî Usûlündeki Sebeb ve İllet Kavramları Bağlamında Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğunda İlliyet Bağı Unsuru Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25, 205 – 245, 30.06.2024
Üveys Ateş
https://doi.org/10.51553/bozifder.1455647
Öz Hukuka aykırı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilen, başkasına maddi veya manevi zarar verici nitelikteki eylemlere hukuk dilinde haksız fiil adı verilmektedir. Haksız fiilin failinin bu fiili neticesinde oluşan zararı tazmin yükümlülüğünün veya zarara terettüp eden cezaya muhatap olma durumunun söz konusu olabilmesi, haksız fiil ile zarar arasında uygun bir illiyet bağının bulunması şartına bağlıdır. Bu itibarla illiyet bağı terimi, hem borçlar hukukunu hem de ceza hukukunu ilgilendiren önemli bir kavramdır. Kavram İslâm hukukunda bu isimle geçmese de fıkıh usûlü eserlerinde ele alınan “sebep”, “illet” ve “şart” terimleri bu kavramla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Özellikle Hanefî fıkıh usûlü kaynaklarında bu üç terim daha ayrıntılı ve sistematik bir biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hanefî usûlü esas alınarak sebep, illet ve şart terimlerinin kavramsal çerçevesi ve kısımları üzerinde durulup bu terimlerin modern hukuktaki illiyet bağı kavramıyla ilişkisi ortaya konulmuş, buradan hareketle haksız fiil sonucu oluşan zararın gerek hukuki gerekse cezai sorumluluğunu faile yüklemede illiyet bağı unsurunun önemi ve etkisi, Hanefîlerin sebep, illet ve şart nazariyeleri bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Fıkıh Usûlü, İlliyet Bağı, Hanefî Usûlü, Sebep, İllet, Şart, Haksız Fiil, Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğu
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Gaziantep: Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2022. Dönmez, İbrahim Kâfi. “Sebep”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. 36/244-248. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009. Emîr Pâdişah, Muhammed Emin b. Mahmud el-Hüseynî. Teysîrü’t-tahrîr. 4 Cilt. Kahire: Matbaatü Mustafa el-Bâbî el-Halebî, 1351/1932. Erdoğan, Mehmet. Fıkıh ve Hukuk Terimleri Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 3. Basım, 2010. Ergün, Mehmet. “İslam Hukukunda Hukuka Aykırılık”. Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (2018), 271-294. Ergün, Mehmet. “İslam Hukukunda Mücbir Sebep”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/64 (2019), 967-974. Ergün, Mehmet. İslam Hukukunda Bina Mâliklerinin Fena Yapım ve Bakım Eksikliği Sorumluluğu (Kusursuz Sorumluluk Teorisi). Ankara: Sonçağ Yayıncılık, 2021. Eser, Ercan. İslam Hukukunda Haksız Fiil ve Haksız Fiilden Doğan Sorumluluk. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2007. 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The Element Relation of Causality in Tort Liability in The Context of “Sabab”, “Illat” and “Condition” Concepts in the Ḥanafī Method Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25, 205 – 245, 30.06.2024
Üveys Ateş
https://doi.org/10.51553/bozifder.1455647
Öz Actions that are carried out illegally and cause material or moral harm to others are called torts in legal language. The possibility of the perpetrator of the tortious act being obliged to compensate for the damage incurred as a result of this act or being liable to a penalty corresponding to the damage, is conditional on the existence of a causal link between the tortious act and the damage. In this respect, the term causal link is an important concept that concerns both the law of obligations and criminal law. Although the concept is not mentioned with this name in Islamic law, the terms “sabab” and “illat” and “condition” discussed in Islamic legal methodology sources are directly related to this concept. Especially in Ḥanafī Islamic legal methodology sources, these three terms are discussed in more detail and systematically. In this study, based on the Ḥanafī method, the conceptual framework and sections of the terms “sabab” and “illat” and “condition” are emphasized, and the relationship of these terms with the concept relation of causality in modern law is revealed. Based on this, the importance and effect of the element relation of causality in attributing both legal and criminal responsibility of the damage resulting from tort to the perpetrator and examined in the context of “sabab” ve “illat” and “condition” theories the Ḥanafīs’.
Anahtar Kelimeler Uṣūl al-fiqh, Relation of Causality, Ḥanafī Method, Sabab, Illat, Condition, Torts, Tort Liability
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İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2021. Kâsânî, Alâüddîn Ebû Bekr b. Mes‘ûd b. Ahmed. Bedâ’i‘u’s-sanâ’i‘ fî tertîbi’ş-şerâ’i‘. 7 Cilt. b.y.: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 2. Basım, 1406/1986. Kudûrî, Ebü’l-Hüseyn Ahmed b. Ebû Bekir Muhammed b. Ahmed. el-Muhtasar (el-Lübâb ile birlikte). 2 Cilt. İstanbul: Muallim Neşriyat, 2020. Mergînânî, Ebü’l-Hasen Burhânüddîn Ali b. Ebî Bekr b. Abdilcelîl el-Fergânî. el-Hidâye. thk. Tallâl Yûsuf. 4 Cilt. Beyrut: Dârü İhyâi’t-Türâsi’l-Arabî, ts. Mevsılî, Ebü’l-Fazl Mecdüddîn Abdullah b. Mahmûd b. Mevdûd. el-Muhtâr li’l-fetvâ (el-İhtiyâr ile birlikte). thk. Beşşâr Bekrî Arabî. 2 Cilt. Dımaşk: Dâru Kubâ, ts. Meydânî, Abdülganî b. Tâlib b. Hammâde, el-Lübâb fî şerhi’l-Kitâb. thk. Muhammed Muhyiddin Abdülhamîd. 4 Cilt. Beyrut: el-Mektebetü’l-İlmiyye, ts. Molla Fenârî, Şemseddin Muhammed b. Hamza. Fusûlü’l-bedâyi‘. thk. Muhammed Hüseyin Muhammed Hasan İsmail. 2 Cilt. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 1427/2006. Molla Hüsrev, Muhammed b. Ferâmurz. Dürerü’l-hükkâm fî şerhi Gureri’l-ahkâm. 2 Cilt. b.y.: Dârü İhyâi’l-Kütübi’l-Arabiyye, ts. Nevevî, Ebû Zekeriyyâ Yahyâ b. Şeref. Minhâcü’t-tâlibîn. thk. İvaz Kâsım Ahmed İvaz. b.y.: Dârü’l-Fikr, 1425/2005. Özbek, Zeynep Uyar. Türk Hukukundaki Kusursuz Sorumluluk ve Tehlike Sorumluluğu Halleri. Diyarbakır: Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009. Pezdevî, Ebü’l-Hasen Ebü’l-Usr Fahrü’l-İslâm Ali b. Muhammed. Kenzü’l-vüsûl ilâ ma‘rifeti’l-usûl. Karaçi: Matbaatü Câvid Beris, ts. Rezadad, Yaser. Türk Hukukunda Sorumluluk Kavramı ve Kusursuz Sorumluluk Hâlleri. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2016. Sadrüşşerîa es-Sânî, Ubeydullah b. Mes‘ûd b. Tâcişşerîa el-Mahbûbî el-Buhârî. et-Tavzîh fî halli gavâmizi’t-tenkîh. thk. Zekeriya Umeyrât. 2 Cilt. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 1416/1996. Serahsî, Ebû Bekir Şemsüleimme Muhammed b. Ebû Sehl Ahmed. Usûlü’s-Serahsî. 2 Cilt. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Ma‘rife, ts. Serahsî, Ebû Bekir Şemsüleimme Muhammed b. Ebû Sehl Ahmed. el-Mebsût. 30 Cilt. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Ma‘rife, 1414/1993. Şâşî, Nizâmüddîn Ebû Ali Ahmed b. Muhammed b. İshak. Usûlü’ş-Şâşî. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kitâbi’l-Arabî, ts. Şeyhîzâde Abdurrahman. Mecma‘u’l-enhur fî şerhi Mülteka’l-ebhur. 2 Cilt. b.y.: Dârü İhyâi’t-Türâsi’l-Arabî, ts. Şirbînî, Şemsüddîn Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Hatîb. Muğni’l-muhtâc ilâ ma‘rifeti me‘ânî elfâzi’l-minhâc. 6 Cilt. b.y.: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 1415/1994. TBK, Türk Borçlar Kanunu (Kanun No. 6098). Resmî Gazete 27836 (4 Şubat 2011). Erişim 6 Haziran 2024. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/02/20110204-1.htm Teftâzânî, Sa‘düddîn Mes‘ûd b. Fahrüddîn Ömer b. Burhâneddîn Abdullah el-Herevî el-Horâsânî. et-Telvîh ilâ keşfi hakâ’iki’t-Tenkîh. 2 Cilt. Mısır: Mektebetü Sabîh, ts. Toker, Aylin. Haksız Fiilin ve Haksız Fiilden Doğan Maddi Tazminatın Unsurları. Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2017. Türkkan, Memet – Akış, Bilsev. Türkçe Sözlük. İstanbul: Gendaş Yayınları, 2005. Yerlikaya, Ünal. “Hanefî Borçlar Hukuku Literatüründe Teaddî Kavramının Anlam Çerçevesi: Teaddî-Hukuka Aykırılık-Kusur İlişkisi Bağlamında Bir İnceleme”. Diyanet İlmî Dergi 53/3 (2017), 25-51. Yerlikaya, Ünal. “Hanefî Hukuk Düşüncesinde Hukukî Sorumluluğa Etkisi Bakımından Hükmün Şarta İzafesi Sorunu”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 27 (2016), 89-109. Yıldız, Kemal. “Mübâşeret”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. 31/428-429. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2020. Zeyla‘î, Ebû Muhammed Fahruddîn Osman b. Ali b. Mihcen b. Yûnus es-Sûfî el-Bâriî. Tebyînü’l-hakâ’ik. 6 Cilt. Bulak: el-Matbaatü’l-Kübrâ el-Emîriyye, 1313/1895. Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Hukuku Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Üveys Ateş FATİH SULTAN MEHMET VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSLAMİ İLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-5128-9751 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Ateş, Üveys. “Hanefî Usûlündeki Sebeb Ve İllet Kavramları Bağlamında Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğunda İlliyet Bağı Unsuru”. Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 25/25 (Haziran 2024), 205-245. https://doi.org/10.51553/bozifder.1455647.
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