Hastalıkların toplumsal yansıması: Hastalık kimliği ve hastalıkların kimlikleşme sebepleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 47 – 57, 30.06.2024

Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya Elif Kaya

Öz

Health is not only a phenomenon with a medical dimension. It also has social and psychological aspects. Especially illnesses become a phenomenon that defines the individual in society and causes stigmatisation in the eyes of other people. In this study, qualitative research method was preferred in order to identify the illnesses that are thought to be identified by the society and to reveal the reasons for the identification of illnesses from the eyes of the society, and data were collected from 152 volunteer participants over the age of 18 through a structured questionnaire. It was determined that 51 different illnesses can become an identity. Among these diseases, diabetes (51), cancer (46) and heart diseases (37) were found to be prominent. In the same way, it has been determined that the limitations caused by illnesses, the acceptance of the illness by the individual and the changes caused by the illness in the individual, the shaping of life by the illness, the necessity of the illness, the continuity of the illness and other characteristics of the illness, the prioritisation of the illness and negative attitudes and behaviours towards the sick individual can cause a disease to become an identity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Illness identity, Illnesses, Identity, Identification

Kaynakça

• Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health & Illness, 4(2), 167-182.
• Charmaz, K. (1983). Loss of self: Afundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health & Illness, 5(2), 168-195.
• Charmaz, K. (1994). Identity dilemmas of chronically ill men. Sociological Quarterly, 35(2), 269-288.
• Charmaz, K. (1995). The body, identity, and self: Adapting to impairment. The Sociological Quarterly, 36(4), 657-680.
• Conrad, P. and Barker, K.K. (2010). The social construction of illness: Key insights and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S67-S79.
• Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50(10), 1385-1401.
• Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129-136.
• Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
• Frank, A. W. (1995). The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., And Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 797-816.
• Herek, G.M. and Glunt, E.K. (1988). An epidemic of stigma: Public reactions to AIDS. American Psychologist, 43(11), 886-891.
• Kleinman, A. (2020). The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition. New York, NY: Basic Books.
• Larsen, K. E. (2009). The role of illness identity in adjustment to chronic illness. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(8), 1071-1080.
• Morea, J. M., Friend, R., And Bennett, R. M. (2008). Conceptualizing and measuring illness self‐concept: A comparison with self‐esteem and optimism in predicting fibromyalgia adjustment. Research in Nursing And Health, 31(6), 563-575.
• Oris, L., Rassart, J., Prikken, S., et al. (2016). Illness identity in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire. Diabetes Care, 39(5), 757–763.
• Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
• Rosenfield: (1997). Labeling mental illness: The effects of received services and perceived stigma on life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 62(4), 660-672.
• Rubin, H. J. (1983). Applied social research, Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
• Sirois, F. M., And Hirsch, J. K. (2017). A longitudinal study of the profiles of psychological thriving, resilience, and loss in people with inflammatory bowel disease. British Journal of Health Psychology, 22(4), 920-939.
• Smith, J. A. and Anderson, R. E. (2018). The intersectionality of health: Exploring the role of race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Health Psychology, 37(1), 42-50.
• Sontag: (2020). Bir metafor olarak hastalık – AIDS ve metaforları. Can Yayınları.
• Tran, V., Wiebe, D. J., Fortenberry, K. T., Butler, J. M., And Berg, C. A. (2011). Benefit finding, affective reactions to diabetes stress, and diabetes management among early adolescents. Health Psychology, 30(2), 212-219.
• Türkdoğan, O. (1991). Kültür ve sağlık-hastalık sistemi. Doğu’da bir kasabanın tıbbi sosyoloji açısından incelemesi. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Van Bulck, L., Goossens, E., Luyckx, K., Oris, L., Apers, S., And Moons, P. (2018). Illness identity: A novel predictor for healthcare use in adults with congenital heart disease. Journal of the American Heart Assocation, 7(11), e008723. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.008723.
• Williams, D.R. and Mohammed, A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20-47.
• Williams: J. (2000). Chronic illness as biographical disruption or biographical disruption as chronic illness? Reflections on a core concept. Sociology of Health & Illness, 22(1), 40-67.
• Yıldırım, A., And Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık. Ankara.

Hastalıkların toplumsal yansıması: Hastalık kimliği ve hastalıkların kimlikleşme sebepleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 47 – 57, 30.06.2024

Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya Elif Kaya

Öz

Sağlık yalnızca medikal boyutu olan bir olgu değildir. Aynı zamanda sosyal ve psikolojik yönü de bulunmaktadır. Özellikle hastalıklar toplum içerisinde bireyi tanımlayan ve diğer insanların gözünde damgalanmasına sebep olan bir olgu halini almaktadır. Bu çalışmada toplum tarafından kimlikleştiği düşünülen hastalıkların tespit edilmesi ve hastalıkların kimlikleşme sebebplerinin toplumun gözünden ortaya koyulması amacıyla nitel araştıma yöntemi tercih edilmiş, 18 yaşından büyük 152 gönüllü katılımcıdan yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla veri toplanmıştır. 51 farklı hastalığın kimlik haline gelebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalıklar içerisinde, diyabet (51), kanser türleri(46) ve kalp hastalıklarının (37) öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı şekilde hastalıkların oluşturdukları kısıtlılıklar, hastalığın birey tarafından kabullenilmesi ve hastalığın bireyde oluşturuduğu değişimler, hastalığın yaşamı şekillendirmesi, hastalığın mecburiyet oluşturması, hastalığın sürekliliği ve hastalığın diğer özellikleri ile hastalığın önceliklendirilmesi ve hasta bireye karşı olumsuz tutum ve davranışların bir hastalığın kimlik haline gelmesine sebep olabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hastalık kimliği, Hastalık, Kimlik, Kimlikleşme

Kaynakça

• Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health & Illness, 4(2), 167-182.
• Charmaz, K. (1983). Loss of self: Afundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill. Sociology of Health & Illness, 5(2), 168-195.
• Charmaz, K. (1994). Identity dilemmas of chronically ill men. Sociological Quarterly, 35(2), 269-288.
• Charmaz, K. (1995). The body, identity, and self: Adapting to impairment. The Sociological Quarterly, 36(4), 657-680.
• Conrad, P. and Barker, K.K. (2010). The social construction of illness: Key insights and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S67-S79.
• Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50(10), 1385-1401.
• Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129-136.
• Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
• Frank, A. W. (1995). The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., And Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 797-816.
• Herek, G.M. and Glunt, E.K. (1988). An epidemic of stigma: Public reactions to AIDS. American Psychologist, 43(11), 886-891.
• Kleinman, A. (2020). The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition. New York, NY: Basic Books.
• Larsen, K. E. (2009). The role of illness identity in adjustment to chronic illness. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(8), 1071-1080.
• Morea, J. M., Friend, R., And Bennett, R. M. (2008). Conceptualizing and measuring illness self‐concept: A comparison with self‐esteem and optimism in predicting fibromyalgia adjustment. Research in Nursing And Health, 31(6), 563-575.
• Oris, L., Rassart, J., Prikken, S., et al. (2016). Illness identity in adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire. Diabetes Care, 39(5), 757–763.
• Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
• Rosenfield: (1997). Labeling mental illness: The effects of received services and perceived stigma on life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 62(4), 660-672.
• Rubin, H. J. (1983). Applied social research, Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
• Sirois, F. M., And Hirsch, J. K. (2017). A longitudinal study of the profiles of psychological thriving, resilience, and loss in people with inflammatory bowel disease. British Journal of Health Psychology, 22(4), 920-939.
• Smith, J. A. and Anderson, R. E. (2018). The intersectionality of health: Exploring the role of race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Health Psychology, 37(1), 42-50.
• Sontag: (2020). Bir metafor olarak hastalık – AIDS ve metaforları. Can Yayınları.
• Tran, V., Wiebe, D. J., Fortenberry, K. T., Butler, J. M., And Berg, C. A. (2011). Benefit finding, affective reactions to diabetes stress, and diabetes management among early adolescents. Health Psychology, 30(2), 212-219.
• Türkdoğan, O. (1991). Kültür ve sağlık-hastalık sistemi. Doğu’da bir kasabanın tıbbi sosyoloji açısından incelemesi. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Van Bulck, L., Goossens, E., Luyckx, K., Oris, L., Apers, S., And Moons, P. (2018). Illness identity: A novel predictor for healthcare use in adults with congenital heart disease. Journal of the American Heart Assocation, 7(11), e008723. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.008723.
• Williams, D.R. and Mohammed, A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20-47.
• Williams: J. (2000). Chronic illness as biographical disruption or biographical disruption as chronic illness? Reflections on a core concept. Sociology of Health & Illness, 22(1), 40-67.
• Yıldırım, A., And Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık. Ankara.

Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

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