Healthcare Marketing Evolution: A Comprehensive Exploration of New-Age Strategies and Patient-Centric ParadigmsSkip to content
Healthcare Marketing Evolution: A Comprehensive Exploration of New-Age Strategies and Patient-Centric Paradigms
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 440 – 455, 29.07.2024
Hafize Nurgül Durmuş Şenyapar
https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1429844
Öz
This qualitative exploratory research comprehensively analyses modern healthcare marketing strategies by investigating the dynamic interplay between healthcare provision, technological advancements, and evolving marketing strategies by exploring how digital presence, content marketing, personalization, telehealth, and mobile health applications collectively shape patient engagement and healthcare delivery. The research synthesizes insights to present a holistic view of contemporary healthcare marketing strategies, incorporating factors such as regulatory environments and technological innovations. By addressing these objectives, the study contributes valuable insights to the academic discourse on healthcare marketing, offering a nuanced understanding of their implications for patient engagement and healthcare delivery in the digital era. The study’s conclusions demonstrate the revolutionary potential of modern marketing techniques in the healthcare industry. Enhancing patient involvement, establishing credibility, and improving patient outcomes are all possible for healthcare professionals by adopting digital innovation, personalization, and patient-centric approaches. To be competitive in the ever-changing healthcare market, healthcare companies must use these tactics to adjust to changing patient demands and preferences.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Healthcare Marketing Strategies, Digitalization in Healthcare, Patient-centric Marketing Strategies, Telehealth Strategies, Content Marketing in Healthcare
Kaynakça
Abekah-Nkrumah, G., Yaa Antwi, M., Braimah, S. M., & Ofori, C. G. (2021). Customer relationship management and patient satisfaction and loyalty in selected hospitals in Ghana. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 15(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-09-2019-0064
Agbali, R., Balas, E. A., Heboyan, V., Silva, J., Coughlin, S., Beltrame, F., & De Leo, G. (2023). Design and develop a Telemedicine Assessment Toolkit (TAT) to assess audiovisual telemedicine encounters. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X231194381
Ahmad, M. N., Abdallah, S. A., Abbasi, S. A., & Abdallah, A. M. (2023). Student perspectives on the integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare services. Digital Health, 9, 20552076231174095. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231174095
Ahumada-Newhartt, V., Wood, T. S., Taylor, E. R., Johnson, F., Saltzen, S., & Joshi, S. S. (2023). Study of telerobot personalization for children exploring qualitative coding of artwork. Companion of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, HRI 2023, pp. 536–539. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580142
Alam, M. Z., & Khanam, L. (2023). Understanding the determinants of adopting mHealth services among older women’s perspective in Bangladesh. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(1), 132–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-05-2021-0055
Alam, M. Z., Proteek, S. M., & Hoque, M. I. (2023). A systematic literature review on mHealth-related research during the COVID-19 outbreak. Health Education, 123(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-08-2022-0067
Alasiri, A. A., & Mohammed, V. (2022). Healthcare Transformation in Saudi Arabia: An Overview Since the Launch of Vision 2030. Health Services Insights, p. 15, 11786329221121214. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329221121214
Alghamdi, A. M., Pileggi, S. F., & Sohaib, O. (2023). Social media analysis to enhance sustainable knowledge management: A concise literature review. Sustainability, 15(13), 9957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139957
Ali Mohamad, T., Bastone, A., Bernhard, F., & Schiavone, F. (2023). How artificial intelligence impacts the competitive position of healthcare organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(8), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-03-2023-0057
Allaert, F. A., Legrand, L., Carime, N. A., & Quantin, C. (2020). Will applications on smartphones allow a generalization of telemedicine? BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-1036-0
Al-Weshah, G. A., Kakeesh, D. F., & Al-Ma’aitah, N. A. (2021). Digital marketing strategies and international patients’ satisfaction: an empirical study in Jordanian health service industry. Estudios De Economia Aplicada, 39(7). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i7.4811
Alzoubi, A. A., Alhammadi, M. khalid, Alhammadi, K. A., Alhammadi, A., & Alzoubi, H. M. (2024). Investigating the impact of ethical considerations on IoMT medical devices of the UAE healthcare system. In H. M. Alzoubi, M. T. Alshurideh, & S. Vasudevan (Eds.), Technology Innovation for Business Intelligence and Analytics (TIBIA): Techniques and Practices for Business Intelligence Innovation (pp. 391–402). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55221-2_27
Apell, P., & Eriksson, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) healthcare technology innovations: The current state and challenges from a life science industry perspective. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 35(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1971188
Aqif, T., & Mumtaz, S. (2023). Examining the impact of marketing techniques on the prescription behavior of physicians with ethical ideology as a moderator. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-01-2021-0009
Baashar, Y., Alhussian, H., Patel, A., Alkawsi, G., Alzahrani, A. I., Alfarraj, O., & Hayder, G. (2020). Customer relationship management systems (CRMS) in the healthcare environment: A systematic literature review. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 71, 103442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2020.103442
Bejtkovský, J. (2020). Social media platforms as HR marketing tool in selected healthcare service providers. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-25
Berkowitz, E. N. (2021). Essentials of health care marketing, Fifth edition, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, ISBN: 9781284200157, Printed in the United States of America, Url: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=1fEfEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=nm40L16zMQ&sig=UUZuW5IVImEcDYiJCFJF-emEp6A&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Bhirud, N., Tatale, S., Tataale, S., Randive, S., & Nahar, S. (2019). A literature review on chatbots in healthcare area computational feasibility of paninian grammar for Indian languages’ analyses view project machine learning view project a literature review on chatbots healthcare area. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8, 7.
Bhugaonkar, K., Bhugaonkar, R., & Masne, N. (2022). The trend of metaverse and augmented & virtual reality extending to the healthcare system. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29071
Bikker, J. A., & Bekooij, J. G. J. (2023). Market forces in healthcare insurance: The impact of healthcare reform on regulated competition revisited. International Journal of Finance & Economics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2875
Blandford, A., Wesson, J., Amalberti, R., AlHazme, R., & Allwihan, R. (2020). Opportunities and challenges for telehealth within and beyond, a pandemic. The Lancet Global Health, 8(11), e1364–e1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30362-4
Çağlıyor, S., Tosun, P., & Uray, N. (2022). Communicating value in healthcare marketing from a social media perspective. In Y. I. Topcu, Ş. Önsel Ekici, Ö. Kabak, E. Aktas, & Ö. Özaydın (Eds.), New Perspectives in Operations Research and Management Science: Essays in Honor of Fusun Ulengin (pp. 143–170). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91851-4_6
Canciu, A., Cernat, A., Tertis, M., Graur, F., & Cristea, C. (2023). Tackling the issue of healthcare associated infections through point- of-care devices. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 161, 116983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.116983
Chauhan, V., & Sagar, M. (2023). Healthcare decision making and choice: An empirical model of patient confusion. Management Decision, 61(11), 3454–3474. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2022-1488
Cornwell, T. B. (2020). Sponsorship in Marketing: Effective Partnerships in Sports, Arts and Events (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429325106
Elrod, J. K., & Fortenberry, J. L. (2020a). Advertising in health and medicine: Using mass media to communicate with patients. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 818. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05599-3
Elrod, J. K., & Fortenberry, J. L. (2020b). Direct marketing in health and medicine: Using direct mail, email marketing and related communicative methods to engage patients. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 822. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05603-w
Emamgholipour, S., & Agheli, L. (2019). Determining the structure of pharmaceutical industry in Iran. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 13(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-06-2017-0030
Farsi, D. (2021). Social Media and Health Care, Part I: Literature review of social media use by health care providers. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(4), e23205. https://doi.org/10.2196/23205
Finch, H., Abasi-Amefon, A., Jung, W., Potter, L., & Palmer, X.-L. (2023). Commentary on healthcare and disruptive innovation. In R. L. Wilson & M. B. Curran (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, ICCWS (pp. 77–84). Acad Conferences Ltd. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001047434700010
Gabelaia, I. (2024). The application of design thinking in healthcare marketing: a systematic review. In Modern Healthcare Marketing in the Digital Era (pp. 193–210). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0679-6.ch011
Gans, R. (2021). Missing the mark in marketing healthcare services to emergent populations: Why we go wrong and how we might do better. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(4), 1429–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1763234
Hanson, C., & Minicozzi, A. (2024). How does health spending among demographic groups compare to Affordable Care Act premium regulations? Journal of Risk and Insurance, 91(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12455
Hanulakova, E., Daňo, F., Kukura, M., & Hula, R. (2021). Marketing in social innovations targeted at healthcare. Marketing i Menedžment Innovacij, 3, 90–107.
Hendry, N. A. (2023). “Hey lovely! Don’t miss this opportunity!” Digital temporalities of wellness culture, email marketing and the promise of abundance. Journal of Sociology, 59(3), 664–681. https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833221101397
Holden, A., Nanayakkara, S., Skinner, J., Spallek, H., & Sohn, W. (2021). What do Australian health consumers believe about commercial advertisements and testimonials? A survey on health service advertising. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10078-9
Hung, C.-L., Wu, J.-H., Chen, P.-Y., Xu, X., Hsu, W.-L., Lin, L.-M., & Hsieh, M.-C. (2023). Enhancing healthcare services and brand engagement through social media marketing: Integration of Kotler’s 5A framework with IDEA process. Information Processing & Management, 60(4), 103379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103379
Iacobucci, D., & Popovich, D. (2022). Studying healthcare from a marketing perspective. Foundations and Trends® in Marketing, 15(2), 86–152. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000071
Jafri, F. I., Ancha, N., Roy, A., Ahmad, S., Riaz, H., & Hyman, C. (2023). TikTok and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A cross-sectional study of social media content quality. Journal of Public Health-Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02062-5
Jakovljevic, M., Lamnisos, D., Westerman, R., Chattu, V. K., & Cerda, A. (2022). Future health spending forecast in leading emerging BRICS markets in 2030: Health policy implications. Health Research Policy and Systems, 20(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00822-5
Jalal, A. N., Bahari, M., & Tarofder, A. K. (2021). Transforming traditional CRM into social CRM: An empirical investigation in Iraqi healthcare industry. Heliyon, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06913
Kar, R., & Wasnik, A. (2024). Progress and trends in healthcare marketing strategy (2018–2022): A descriptive and bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science (WOS) dataset. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-12-2022-0106
Khan, K. S., Imran, A., & Nadir, R. (2024). AI-Driven transformations in healthcare marketing: A qualitative inquiry into the evolution and impact of artificial intelligence on online strategies. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.3954
Kim, M., Sohn, H., Choi, S., & Kim, S. (2023). Requirements for trustworthy artificial intelligence and its application in healthcare. Healthcare Informatics Research, 29(4), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2023.29.4.315
Kolade, O., Martinez, R., Awe, A., Dubin, J. M., Mehran, N., Mulcahey, M. K., & Tabaie, S. (2023). Misinformation about orthopaedic conditions on social media: Analysis of TikTok and Instagram. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, 15(12), e49946. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49946
Kumar, P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Anand, A. (2023). Responsible artificial intelligence (AI) for value formation and market performance in healthcare: the mediating role of patient’s cognitive engagement. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(6), 2197–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10136-6
Le, H., Chen, R., Harris, S., Fang, H., Lyn-Cook, B., Hong, H., Ge, W., Rogers, P., Tong, W., & Zou, W. (2024). RxNorm for drug name normalization: A case study of prescription opioids in the FDA adverse events reporting system. Frontiers in Bioinformatics, 3, 1328613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbinf.2023.1328613
Li, L., Cui, X., & Feng, W. (2023). Enhancing patient satisfaction in cross-regional healthcare: a cross-sectional study in the knowledge-based healthcare area. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01685-z
Lindgren, A., & Mohidin, D. (2020). Applying digital marketing methods in the healthcare industry: A case study at immuneed. Master’s Thesis, Uppsala University, https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413262
Liu, K., & Tao, D. (2022). The roles of trust, personalization, loss of privacy and anthropomorphism in public acceptance of smart healthcare services. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107026
Liu, P., Li, X., & Zhang, X. M. (2023). Healthcare professionals’ and patients’ assessments of listed mobile health apps in China: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1220160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1220160
Mahony, L. O., Shea, E. O., O’Connor, E. M., Tierney, A., Harkin, M., Harrington, J., Kennelly, S., Arendt, E., O’Toole, P. W., & Timmons, S. (2023). A qualitative study of older adults’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the potential of functional food products to support healthy ageing. Journal of Functional Foods, 107, 105689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2023.105689
Marcu, R., & Popescu, D. (2020). Healthcare customer relationship management: marketing process deliverable approach. Studies in Informatics and Control, 29(3), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.24846/v29i3y202006
Marcu, R., Popescu, D., & Danila, I. (2020). Optimize recommendation engine for marketing system in healthcare CRM. 2020 12th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECAI50035.2020.9223211
Mariciuc, D. F. (2022). Using virtual assistants as relationship marketing instruments. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 22(1), 634–641.
Mehta, S. (2022). Healthcare marketing. In healthcare system management: Methods and techniques (pp. 239–260). Springer.
Mishra, M. (2023). Locating the role of altering nature of public healthcare as a “commodity” in a market society. International Journal of Human Rights And Constitutional Studies, 10(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRCS.2023.130010
Mishra, P., & Singh, G. (2023). Internet of medical things healthcare for sustainable smart cities: current status and future prospects. Applied Sciences-BASEL, 13(15), 8869. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158869
Mondal, R., & Ray, P. K. (2023). A framework for occupational health risk assessment of nursing personnel in Indian healthcare system. IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725579.2023.2279759
Muyassarova, M. M., A, A. S., & Boltaboyev, S. E. (2024). The essence and significance of healthcare marketing. Academia Repository, 5(2), Article 2.
Park, S.-Y., Yun, G. W., Cook, D. M., & Coppes, M. J. (2023). Consumer perceptions of information features in healthcare service advertisements and attitudes toward advertising. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-02-2022-0016
Patel, Z., Patel, C. oreper, J., Patel, H., & Sajedeen, A. (2020). Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of infographics within medical information response letters. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 54(6), 1382–1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43441-020-00164-w
Paul, J., Bhojak, N., Modi, A., Jani, D., & Momin, M. (2023). Assess the website content of the healthcare organizations for heart patients through CRRAV model. International Journal of Healthcare Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2023.2195197
Pilon, L., Foster, A., Zimmerman, P.-A., & Macbeth, D. (2023). The role of online marketing to engage healthcare workers with infection prevention and control information and resources: A pilot study. INFECTION DISEASE & HEALTH, 28(3), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2023.02.002
Pol, H., van der Herberg, E., Barten, D.-J., Tielen, J., & van der Veen, G. (2023). Brand orientation as a marketing perspective for primary healthcare organizations. International Journal of Healthcare Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2023.2248373
Prudnikov, Y., & Nazarenko, A. (2021). The role of content marketing in the promotion of medical goods and services. Health Economics and Management Review, 2(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.21272/hem.2021.1-02
Renu, N. (2021). Innovative healthcare marketing strategies during COVID-19. Journal of Marketing Management, 9, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.15640/jmm.v9n2a7
Sanan, P. (2023). CRM capability and service innovation in healthcare: Evidence from India. ASIA PACIFIC Journal of Health Management, 18(1), i2471. https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v18i1.2471
Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2019). Medical marketing in the United States, 1997-2016. JAMA, 321(1), 80–96. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19320
Singh, K., Li, S., Jahnke, I., Alarcon, M. L., Mosa, A., & Calyam, P. (2023). Improving big data governance in healthcare institutions: User experience research for honest broker based application to access healthcare big data. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2196596
Skoglund, K., Ahlman, E., Mallin, S., & Holmgren, J. (2024). Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic based on an analysis of blog posts. Nursing in Critical Care, 29(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12931
Solo-Josephson, P., Murren-Boezem, J., & Zettler-Greeley, C. M. (2023). Pediatric, urgent care telemedicine during COVID-19: a comparative analysis. Telemedicine and E-Health, 29(9), 1366–1373. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2022.0443
Tang, J. E., Arvind, V., White, C. A., Dominy, C., Kim, J. S., Cho, S. K., & Walsh, A. (2023). Using sentiment analysis to understand what patients are saying about hand surgeons online. Hand, 18(5), 854–860. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447211060439
Thompson, J., Lynch, M., Sullivan, H. W., Aikin, K. J., Dolina, S., & Brewington, M. (2023). Complexity of data displays in prescription drug advertisements for healthcare providers. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 57(4), 712–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43441-023-00523-3
Tsai, W.-H. S., Lun, D., Carcioppolo, N., & Chuan, C.-H. (2021). Human versus chatbot: Understanding the role of emotion in health marketing communication for vaccines. Psychology & Marketing, 38(12), 2377–2392. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21556
Upadhyay, H., Simsekler, M. C. E., Maalouf, M., Anwar, S., & Omar, M. (2023). COVID-19, jobs and skills- Exploratory analysis of the job postings in the US and UK healthcare job market. PLoS ONE, 18(1), e0278237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278237
Vukmirovic, D., Krajnovic, D., & Odalovic, M. (2023). Perceptions of pharmacists and other healthcare professionals on marketed mobile applications used for self-management by type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 22(4), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i4.27
Wenhua, Z., Hasan, M. K., Jailani, N. B., Islam, S., Safie, N., Albarakati, H. M., Aljohani, A., & Khan, M. A. (2024). A lightweight security model for ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality in telehealth applications. Computers in Human Behavior, 153, 108134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108134
Wisetsri, W., Soni, D. N., Singh, R. K., Kumar, D. P., & Gupta, S. K. (2021). The healthcare sector: A development of digital marketing methods. 3.
Yang, L., Wu, J., Mo, X., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Zhou, L., Dai, J., Xie, L., Chen, S., Shang, H., Rao, B., Weng, B., Abulimiti, A., Wu, S., & Xie, X. (2023). Changes in mobile health apps usage before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Semilongitudinal survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 9. https://doi.org/10.2196/40552
You, Y., Tsai, C.-H., Li, Y., Ma, F., Heron, C., & Gui, X. (2023). Beyond self-diagnosis: how a chatbot-based symptom checker should respond. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 30(4), 64. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589959
Zengin, G. (2023). How influencer doctors use social media? A content analysis on marketing communications, patient privacy and ethics. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 50, Article 50. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1227295
Zunic, A., Corcoran, P., & Spasic, I. (2020). Sentiment analysis in health and well-being: Systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(1), e16023. https://doi.org/10.2196/16023
Sağlık Hizmetleri Pazarlama Evrimi: Yeni Çağ Stratejileri ve Hasta Merkezli Paradigmaların Kapsamlı Bir Keşfi
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 440 – 455, 29.07.2024
Hafize Nurgül Durmuş Şenyapar
https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1429844
Öz
Bu nitel keşif araştırması, sağlık hizmeti sunumu, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve gelişen pazarlama stratejileri arasındaki dinamik etkileşimi inceleyerek dijital varlığın, içerik pazarlamasının, kişiselleştirmenin, uzaktan sağlık hizmetlerinin ve mobil sağlık uygulamalarının hasta katılımını ve sağlık hizmeti sunumunu nasıl şekillendirdiğini keşfederek modern sağlık pazarlama stratejilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, düzenleyici ortamlar ve teknolojik yenilikler gibi faktörleri içeren çağdaş sağlık pazarlama stratejilerinin bütünsel bir görünümünü sunmak için içgörüleri sentezler. Bu amaçları ele alarak çalışma sağlık pazarlaması alanındaki akademik tartışmalara değerli içgörüler sunmakta, dijital çağda hasta katılımı ve sağlık hizmeti sunumu için bunların etkilerinin nüanslı bir anlayışını sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, modern pazarlama tekniklerinin sağlık sektöründeki yenilikçi potansiyelini göstermektedir. Hasta katılımını artırma, güvenilirlik kurma ve hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirme, sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından dijital yenilik, kişiselleştirme ve hasta odaklı yaklaşımların benimsenmesiyle mümkündür. Değişen hasta taleplerine ve tercihlerine uyum sağlamak için sağlık hizmet sunan işletmelerinin bu taktikleri kullanması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sağlık Hizmetleri Pazarlama Stratejileri, Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Dijitalleşme, Hasta Merkezli Pazarlama Stratejileri, Tele Sağlık Stratejileri, Sağlık Hizmetlerinde İçerik Pazarlaması
Kaynakça
Abekah-Nkrumah, G., Yaa Antwi, M., Braimah, S. M., & Ofori, C. G. (2021). Customer relationship management and patient satisfaction and loyalty in selected hospitals in Ghana. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 15(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-09-2019-0064
Agbali, R., Balas, E. A., Heboyan, V., Silva, J., Coughlin, S., Beltrame, F., & De Leo, G. (2023). Design and develop a Telemedicine Assessment Toolkit (TAT) to assess audiovisual telemedicine encounters. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X231194381
Ahmad, M. N., Abdallah, S. A., Abbasi, S. A., & Abdallah, A. M. (2023). Student perspectives on the integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare services. Digital Health, 9, 20552076231174095. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231174095
Ahumada-Newhartt, V., Wood, T. S., Taylor, E. R., Johnson, F., Saltzen, S., & Joshi, S. S. (2023). Study of telerobot personalization for children exploring qualitative coding of artwork. Companion of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, HRI 2023, pp. 536–539. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568294.3580142
Alam, M. Z., & Khanam, L. (2023). Understanding the determinants of adopting mHealth services among older women’s perspective in Bangladesh. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(1), 132–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-05-2021-0055
Alam, M. Z., Proteek, S. M., & Hoque, M. I. (2023). A systematic literature review on mHealth-related research during the COVID-19 outbreak. Health Education, 123(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-08-2022-0067
Alasiri, A. A., & Mohammed, V. (2022). Healthcare Transformation in Saudi Arabia: An Overview Since the Launch of Vision 2030. Health Services Insights, p. 15, 11786329221121214. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329221121214
Alghamdi, A. M., Pileggi, S. F., & Sohaib, O. (2023). Social media analysis to enhance sustainable knowledge management: A concise literature review. Sustainability, 15(13), 9957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139957
Ali Mohamad, T., Bastone, A., Bernhard, F., & Schiavone, F. (2023). How artificial intelligence impacts the competitive position of healthcare organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(8), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-03-2023-0057
Allaert, F. A., Legrand, L., Carime, N. A., & Quantin, C. (2020). Will applications on smartphones allow a generalization of telemedicine? BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-1036-0
Al-Weshah, G. A., Kakeesh, D. F., & Al-Ma’aitah, N. A. (2021). Digital marketing strategies and international patients’ satisfaction: an empirical study in Jordanian health service industry. Estudios De Economia Aplicada, 39(7). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i7.4811
Alzoubi, A. A., Alhammadi, M. khalid, Alhammadi, K. A., Alhammadi, A., & Alzoubi, H. M. (2024). Investigating the impact of ethical considerations on IoMT medical devices of the UAE healthcare system. In H. M. Alzoubi, M. T. Alshurideh, & S. Vasudevan (Eds.), Technology Innovation for Business Intelligence and Analytics (TIBIA): Techniques and Practices for Business Intelligence Innovation (pp. 391–402). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55221-2_27
Apell, P., & Eriksson, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) healthcare technology innovations: The current state and challenges from a life science industry perspective. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 35(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1971188
Aqif, T., & Mumtaz, S. (2023). Examining the impact of marketing techniques on the prescription behavior of physicians with ethical ideology as a moderator. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-01-2021-0009
Baashar, Y., Alhussian, H., Patel, A., Alkawsi, G., Alzahrani, A. I., Alfarraj, O., & Hayder, G. (2020). Customer relationship management systems (CRMS) in the healthcare environment: A systematic literature review. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 71, 103442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2020.103442
Bejtkovský, J. (2020). Social media platforms as HR marketing tool in selected healthcare service providers. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-25
Berkowitz, E. N. (2021). Essentials of health care marketing, Fifth edition, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, ISBN: 9781284200157, Printed in the United States of America, Url: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=1fEfEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=nm40L16zMQ&sig=UUZuW5IVImEcDYiJCFJF-emEp6A&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Bhirud, N., Tatale, S., Tataale, S., Randive, S., & Nahar, S. (2019). A literature review on chatbots in healthcare area computational feasibility of paninian grammar for Indian languages’ analyses view project machine learning view project a literature review on chatbots healthcare area. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8, 7.
Bhugaonkar, K., Bhugaonkar, R., & Masne, N. (2022). The trend of metaverse and augmented & virtual reality extending to the healthcare system. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29071
Bikker, J. A., & Bekooij, J. G. J. (2023). Market forces in healthcare insurance: The impact of healthcare reform on regulated competition revisited. International Journal of Finance & Economics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2875
Blandford, A., Wesson, J., Amalberti, R., AlHazme, R., & Allwihan, R. (2020). Opportunities and challenges for telehealth within and beyond, a pandemic. The Lancet Global Health, 8(11), e1364–e1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30362-4
Çağlıyor, S., Tosun, P., & Uray, N. (2022). Communicating value in healthcare marketing from a social media perspective. In Y. I. Topcu, Ş. Önsel Ekici, Ö. Kabak, E. Aktas, & Ö. Özaydın (Eds.), New Perspectives in Operations Research and Management Science: Essays in Honor of Fusun Ulengin (pp. 143–170). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91851-4_6
Canciu, A., Cernat, A., Tertis, M., Graur, F., & Cristea, C. (2023). Tackling the issue of healthcare associated infections through point- of-care devices. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 161, 116983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.116983
Chauhan, V., & Sagar, M. (2023). Healthcare decision making and choice: An empirical model of patient confusion. Management Decision, 61(11), 3454–3474. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2022-1488
Cornwell, T. B. (2020). Sponsorship in Marketing: Effective Partnerships in Sports, Arts and Events (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429325106
Elrod, J. K., & Fortenberry, J. L. (2020a). Advertising in health and medicine: Using mass media to communicate with patients. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 818. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05599-3
Elrod, J. K., & Fortenberry, J. L. (2020b). Direct marketing in health and medicine: Using direct mail, email marketing and related communicative methods to engage patients. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 822. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05603-w
Emamgholipour, S., & Agheli, L. (2019). Determining the structure of pharmaceutical industry in Iran. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 13(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-06-2017-0030
Farsi, D. (2021). Social Media and Health Care, Part I: Literature review of social media use by health care providers. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(4), e23205. https://doi.org/10.2196/23205
Finch, H., Abasi-Amefon, A., Jung, W., Potter, L., & Palmer, X.-L. (2023). Commentary on healthcare and disruptive innovation. In R. L. Wilson & M. B. Curran (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, ICCWS (pp. 77–84). Acad Conferences Ltd. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001047434700010
Gabelaia, I. (2024). The application of design thinking in healthcare marketing: a systematic review. In Modern Healthcare Marketing in the Digital Era (pp. 193–210). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0679-6.ch011
Gans, R. (2021). Missing the mark in marketing healthcare services to emergent populations: Why we go wrong and how we might do better. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(4), 1429–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1763234
Hanson, C., & Minicozzi, A. (2024). How does health spending among demographic groups compare to Affordable Care Act premium regulations? Journal of Risk and Insurance, 91(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12455
Hanulakova, E., Daňo, F., Kukura, M., & Hula, R. (2021). Marketing in social innovations targeted at healthcare. Marketing i Menedžment Innovacij, 3, 90–107.
Hendry, N. A. (2023). “Hey lovely! Don’t miss this opportunity!” Digital temporalities of wellness culture, email marketing and the promise of abundance. Journal of Sociology, 59(3), 664–681. https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833221101397
Holden, A., Nanayakkara, S., Skinner, J., Spallek, H., & Sohn, W. (2021). What do Australian health consumers believe about commercial advertisements and testimonials? A survey on health service advertising. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10078-9
Hung, C.-L., Wu, J.-H., Chen, P.-Y., Xu, X., Hsu, W.-L., Lin, L.-M., & Hsieh, M.-C. (2023). Enhancing healthcare services and brand engagement through social media marketing: Integration of Kotler’s 5A framework with IDEA process. Information Processing & Management, 60(4), 103379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103379
Iacobucci, D., & Popovich, D. (2022). Studying healthcare from a marketing perspective. Foundations and Trends® in Marketing, 15(2), 86–152. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000071
Jafri, F. I., Ancha, N., Roy, A., Ahmad, S., Riaz, H., & Hyman, C. (2023). TikTok and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A cross-sectional study of social media content quality. Journal of Public Health-Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02062-5
Jakovljevic, M., Lamnisos, D., Westerman, R., Chattu, V. K., & Cerda, A. (2022). Future health spending forecast in leading emerging BRICS markets in 2030: Health policy implications. Health Research Policy and Systems, 20(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00822-5
Jalal, A. N., Bahari, M., & Tarofder, A. K. (2021). Transforming traditional CRM into social CRM: An empirical investigation in Iraqi healthcare industry. Heliyon, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06913
Kar, R., & Wasnik, A. (2024). Progress and trends in healthcare marketing strategy (2018–2022): A descriptive and bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science (WOS) dataset. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-12-2022-0106
Khan, K. S., Imran, A., & Nadir, R. (2024). AI-Driven transformations in healthcare marketing: A qualitative inquiry into the evolution and impact of artificial intelligence on online strategies. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.3954
Kim, M., Sohn, H., Choi, S., & Kim, S. (2023). Requirements for trustworthy artificial intelligence and its application in healthcare. Healthcare Informatics Research, 29(4), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2023.29.4.315
Kolade, O., Martinez, R., Awe, A., Dubin, J. M., Mehran, N., Mulcahey, M. K., & Tabaie, S. (2023). Misinformation about orthopaedic conditions on social media: Analysis of TikTok and Instagram. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, 15(12), e49946. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49946
Kumar, P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Anand, A. (2023). Responsible artificial intelligence (AI) for value formation and market performance in healthcare: the mediating role of patient’s cognitive engagement. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(6), 2197–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10136-6
Le, H., Chen, R., Harris, S., Fang, H., Lyn-Cook, B., Hong, H., Ge, W., Rogers, P., Tong, W., & Zou, W. (2024). RxNorm for drug name normalization: A case study of prescription opioids in the FDA adverse events reporting system. Frontiers in Bioinformatics, 3, 1328613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbinf.2023.1328613
Li, L., Cui, X., & Feng, W. (2023). Enhancing patient satisfaction in cross-regional healthcare: a cross-sectional study in the knowledge-based healthcare area. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01685-z
Lindgren, A., & Mohidin, D. (2020). Applying digital marketing methods in the healthcare industry: A case study at immuneed. Master’s Thesis, Uppsala University, https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413262
Liu, K., & Tao, D. (2022). The roles of trust, personalization, loss of privacy and anthropomorphism in public acceptance of smart healthcare services. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107026
Liu, P., Li, X., & Zhang, X. M. (2023). Healthcare professionals’ and patients’ assessments of listed mobile health apps in China: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1220160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1220160
Mahony, L. O., Shea, E. O., O’Connor, E. M., Tierney, A., Harkin, M., Harrington, J., Kennelly, S., Arendt, E., O’Toole, P. W., & Timmons, S. (2023). A qualitative study of older adults’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the potential of functional food products to support healthy ageing. Journal of Functional Foods, 107, 105689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2023.105689
Marcu, R., & Popescu, D. (2020). Healthcare customer relationship management: marketing process deliverable approach. Studies in Informatics and Control, 29(3), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.24846/v29i3y202006
Marcu, R., Popescu, D., & Danila, I. (2020). Optimize recommendation engine for marketing system in healthcare CRM. 2020 12th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECAI50035.2020.9223211
Mariciuc, D. F. (2022). Using virtual assistants as relationship marketing instruments. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 22(1), 634–641.
Mehta, S. (2022). Healthcare marketing. In healthcare system management: Methods and techniques (pp. 239–260). Springer.
Mishra, M. (2023). Locating the role of altering nature of public healthcare as a “commodity” in a market society. International Journal of Human Rights And Constitutional Studies, 10(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRCS.2023.130010
Mishra, P., & Singh, G. (2023). Internet of medical things healthcare for sustainable smart cities: current status and future prospects. Applied Sciences-BASEL, 13(15), 8869. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158869
Mondal, R., & Ray, P. K. (2023). A framework for occupational health risk assessment of nursing personnel in Indian healthcare system. IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725579.2023.2279759
Muyassarova, M. M., A, A. S., & Boltaboyev, S. E. (2024). The essence and significance of healthcare marketing. Academia Repository, 5(2), Article 2.
Park, S.-Y., Yun, G. W., Cook, D. M., & Coppes, M. J. (2023). Consumer perceptions of information features in healthcare service advertisements and attitudes toward advertising. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 17(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-02-2022-0016
Patel, Z., Patel, C. oreper, J., Patel, H., & Sajedeen, A. (2020). Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of infographics within medical information response letters. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 54(6), 1382–1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43441-020-00164-w
Paul, J., Bhojak, N., Modi, A., Jani, D., & Momin, M. (2023). Assess the website content of the healthcare organizations for heart patients through CRRAV model. International Journal of Healthcare Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2023.2195197
Pilon, L., Foster, A., Zimmerman, P.-A., & Macbeth, D. (2023). The role of online marketing to engage healthcare workers with infection prevention and control information and resources: A pilot study. INFECTION DISEASE & HEALTH, 28(3), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2023.02.002
Pol, H., van der Herberg, E., Barten, D.-J., Tielen, J., & van der Veen, G. (2023). Brand orientation as a marketing perspective for primary healthcare organizations. International Journal of Healthcare Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2023.2248373
Prudnikov, Y., & Nazarenko, A. (2021). The role of content marketing in the promotion of medical goods and services. Health Economics and Management Review, 2(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.21272/hem.2021.1-02
Renu, N. (2021). Innovative healthcare marketing strategies during COVID-19. Journal of Marketing Management, 9, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.15640/jmm.v9n2a7
Sanan, P. (2023). CRM capability and service innovation in healthcare: Evidence from India. ASIA PACIFIC Journal of Health Management, 18(1), i2471. https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v18i1.2471
Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2019). Medical marketing in the United States, 1997-2016. JAMA, 321(1), 80–96. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19320
Singh, K., Li, S., Jahnke, I., Alarcon, M. L., Mosa, A., & Calyam, P. (2023). Improving big data governance in healthcare institutions: User experience research for honest broker based application to access healthcare big data. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2196596
Skoglund, K., Ahlman, E., Mallin, S., & Holmgren, J. (2024). Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic based on an analysis of blog posts. Nursing in Critical Care, 29(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12931
Solo-Josephson, P., Murren-Boezem, J., & Zettler-Greeley, C. M. (2023). Pediatric, urgent care telemedicine during COVID-19: a comparative analysis. Telemedicine and E-Health, 29(9), 1366–1373. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2022.0443
Tang, J. E., Arvind, V., White, C. A., Dominy, C., Kim, J. S., Cho, S. K., & Walsh, A. (2023). Using sentiment analysis to understand what patients are saying about hand surgeons online. Hand, 18(5), 854–860. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447211060439
Thompson, J., Lynch, M., Sullivan, H. W., Aikin, K. J., Dolina, S., & Brewington, M. (2023). Complexity of data displays in prescription drug advertisements for healthcare providers. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 57(4), 712–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43441-023-00523-3
Tsai, W.-H. S., Lun, D., Carcioppolo, N., & Chuan, C.-H. (2021). Human versus chatbot: Understanding the role of emotion in health marketing communication for vaccines. Psychology & Marketing, 38(12), 2377–2392. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21556
Upadhyay, H., Simsekler, M. C. E., Maalouf, M., Anwar, S., & Omar, M. (2023). COVID-19, jobs and skills- Exploratory analysis of the job postings in the US and UK healthcare job market. PLoS ONE, 18(1), e0278237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278237
Vukmirovic, D., Krajnovic, D., & Odalovic, M. (2023). Perceptions of pharmacists and other healthcare professionals on marketed mobile applications used for self-management by type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 22(4), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v22i4.27
Wenhua, Z., Hasan, M. K., Jailani, N. B., Islam, S., Safie, N., Albarakati, H. M., Aljohani, A., & Khan, M. A. (2024). A lightweight security model for ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality in telehealth applications. Computers in Human Behavior, 153, 108134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108134
Wisetsri, W., Soni, D. N., Singh, R. K., Kumar, D. P., & Gupta, S. K. (2021). The healthcare sector: A development of digital marketing methods. 3.
Yang, L., Wu, J., Mo, X., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Zhou, L., Dai, J., Xie, L., Chen, S., Shang, H., Rao, B., Weng, B., Abulimiti, A., Wu, S., & Xie, X. (2023). Changes in mobile health apps usage before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Semilongitudinal survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 9. https://doi.org/10.2196/40552
You, Y., Tsai, C.-H., Li, Y., Ma, F., Heron, C., & Gui, X. (2023). Beyond self-diagnosis: how a chatbot-based symptom checker should respond. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 30(4), 64. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589959
Zengin, G. (2023). How influencer doctors use social media? A content analysis on marketing communications, patient privacy and ethics. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 50, Article 50. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1227295
Zunic, A., Corcoran, P., & Spasic, I. (2020). Sentiment analysis in health and well-being: Systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(1), e16023. https://doi.org/10.2196/16023
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
İşletme
Bölüm
Makaleler
Yazarlar
Hafize Nurgül Durmuş Şenyapar GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0003-0927-1643 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
25 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
29 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi
1 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi
3 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2024Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3
Kaynak Göster
APA
Durmuş Şenyapar, H. N. (2024). Healthcare Marketing Evolution: A Comprehensive Exploration of New-Age Strategies and Patient-Centric Paradigms. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(3), 440-455. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1429844