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Hicrî Dördüncü Asırda Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in Vasıflarının Belirlenmesinde Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin Etkisi: (Hakîm Es- Semerkandî Es-Sevâdü’l-A’zam Örneği) Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 234 – 262, 30.06.2024
Mustafa Keskin Hatice Teber
https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1452522
Öz The main issue of our research is to reveal the influence of Hanafī-Māturīdism on the determination of the qualifications of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah in the fourth century of Hijra, with the example of al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī’s al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam. In Samarqand, in this century, superstitions and bid’ah (innovation), which were created by the claims of the members of sects other than the main mass, spread in the society day by day. This situation created the necessity of determining the qualifications and principles of the “great majority”. At the invitation of the Samānids, a large number of Ḥanafī scholars came to the region and started educational activities in Samarqand and the surrounding areas. Thus, Ḥanafiyya became an influential sect in the region. However, the influence of sects and factions such as the Muʿtazila, Shīʿa, Khārijiyya, and Murji ͗a continued. Ismail b. Ahmad (d. 295/907), the Samānid emir of the period commissioned al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī (d. 342/953) to determine and write down the qualitications of Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jamāʿa in order to ensure that the people stay away from the superstitions and bidʿahs spread by non-Sunnī sects. Samarqandī was also a contemporary of Imam al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944). The fact that al-Māturīdī and al-Samarqandī grew up in the same time period, in the same region, and belonged to the same school of thought, brought up the influence of Ḥanafī-Māturīdism on al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam. This study aims to understand the relationship between Samarqandī’s thoughts and the basic principles of belief of Ahl al-Sunna and to determine the position of Ahl al-Sunna within the diversity of sects in the Samarqand region. Samarqandī’s work, which is based on sources from the early period of Hanafī-Māturīdī theology, is the first book to define the main structure in the broadest framework and to list its characteristics in items.
Anahtar Kelimeler History of Islamic Sects, Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah, al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam, al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī, Māturīdism
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Hicrî Dördüncü Asırda Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in Vasıflarının Belirlenmesinde Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin Etkisi: (Hakîm Es- Semerkandî Es-Sevâdü’l-A’zam Örneği) Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 234 – 262, 30.06.2024
Mustafa Keskin Hatice Teber
https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1452522
Öz Hicrî dördüncü asırda Semerkant bölgesinde Sevâdü’l-A’zam adı verilen ana kitle dışındaki mezhep mensuplarının ortaya attığı iddiaların meydana getirdiği hurafe ve bid’atlerin her geçen gün toplumda yayılması, “büyük çoğunluğun” yani Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in vasıf ve ilkelerinin belirlenmesi zaruretini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sâmânîler’in davetiyle çok sayıda Hanefî uleması bölgeye gelerek Semerkant ve civarında eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerini başlatmıştır. Böylelikle Hanefîlik, bölgede etkili bir mezhep haline gelmiştir. Ancak Mu’tezile, Şiîlik, Hâricîlik ve Mürcîlik gibi diğer mezhep ve fırkaların etkileri de devam etmiştir. Dönemin Sâmânî emiri İsmail b. Ahmed (ö. 295/907), gayri Sünnî mezheplerin yaydığı hurafe ve bid’atlerden halkın uzak durmasını temin etmek maksadıyla Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in vasıflarının tespit edilip yazılması için Hakîm es-Semerkandî’yi (ö. 342/953) görevlendirmiştir. Döneminin önde gelen Hanefî ulemasından olan Semerkandî, aynı zamanda İmam Mâtürîdî’nin (ö. 333/944) çağdaşıdır. Mâtürîdî ve Semerkandî’nin aynı tarihlerde, aynı coğrafyada ve aynı düşünce okuluna mensup olmaları, Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin es-Sevadü’l-A’zam’a tesirini gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Semerkandî’nin düşünceleriyle Ehl-i Sünnet’in temel inanç prensipleri arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamayı ve Semerkant bölgesindeki mezhep çeşitliliği içinde Ehl-i Sünnet’in konumunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Semerkandî’nin, Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâmının erken dönemine ait kaynaklara dayanılarak yazılmış olan bu eseri, ana bünyeyi en geniş çerçevede tanımlayan ve vasıflarını maddeler halinde sıralayan ilk kitap olma özelliğini taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi, Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at, es-Sevâdu’l-A’zam, Hakîm es-Semerkandî, Mâtürîdîlik
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Devirleri Ay-dınlatan Meş’ale: İmâm-ı A’zam Uluslararası Sempozyum Tebliğ-ler Kitabı, 28-30 Nisan 2015. haz. Ahmet Kartal-Hilmi Özden. 237-240. Eskişehir, 2015. Watt, W. Montgomery. İslam Düşüncesinin Teşekkül Devri. çev. Ethem Ruhi Fığlalı. İstanbul: Birleşik Yayıncılık, 2. Basım, 1998. Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “Ehl-i Sünnet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 10/525-530. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1994. Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “Mâtürîdiyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 28/165-175. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2003. Yeprem, Mustafa Saim. Mâtürîdî’nin Akîde Risâlesi ve Şerhi. Anka-ra: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 2. Basım, 2015. Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Mezhepleri, İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer) Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Mustafa Keskin DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-3549-9345 Türkiye
Hatice Teber AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0003-4517-0698 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 24 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Keskin, Mustafa – Teber, Hatice. “Hicrî Dördüncü Asırda Ehl-I Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in Vasıflarının Belirlenmesinde Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin Etkisi: (Hakîm Es- Semerkandî Es-Sevâdü’l-A’zam Örneği)”. e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 17/1 (Haziran 2024), 234-262. https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1452522.
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