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HÜSEYİN EFENDİ, Cinci Hoca Skip to content (ö. 1058/1648)
Sultan İbrâhim’i etkisi altına alarak devrin siyasî olaylarında rol oynayan padişah hocası ve Anadolu kazaskeri.
Safranbolu’da doğdu. Dedesi oranın ileri gelenlerinden Vâiz Şeyh Karabaş İbrâhim Efendi, babası Şeyh Mehmed Çelebi’dir. Kendi ifadesine göre nesli Sadreddin Konevî’ye uzanan (Naîmâ, IV, 36) Hüseyin Efendi ilk eğitimini babasından aldı, ayrıca ondan sihir ve efsunla ilgili bilgiler edindi. Öğrenimini tamamlamak için İstanbul’a gitti, bir süre Süleymaniye medreselerinden birine devam etti; burada Berber Biraderi Hasan Efendizâde Şeyh Mehmed Efendi’den ders aldı. Bu arada çevresinde “kuvvetli nefesi” ile tanındı, okuduğu duaların dertlilere şifa olduğu haberleri yayılmaya başladı. Hocasının İzmir kadılığına tayini üzerine açıkta kalınca geçimini tamamen bu işten sağlamaya koyuldu. Efsun ve sihir işleriyle uğraşması, başta hocası olmak üzere diğer müderrisler tarafından hoş karşılanmadığından geri plana itildi, hatta medreseden mezun olamadı. Ancak bu husustaki şöhretinin hızla yayılıp saraya kadar ulaşması hayatını değiştirdi. O sırada psikolojik birtakım rahatsızlıklar geçiren Sultan İbrâhim’in tedavisi için Vâlide Kösem Sultan tarafından saraya çağrıldı. Tesirli dualar okuduğunu söyleyip padişahı mânevî bakımdan rahatlatması şöhretinin daha da artmasına yol açtı.
Padişahın büyük iltifatlarına mazhar olan, bu arada ikameti için hazinece Mahmud Paşa Camii yanında dayalı döşeli bir saray inşa ettirilen (Muhibbî, II, 122; Evliya Çelebi, I, 472) Hüseyin Efendi, henüz medrese tahsilini bile tamamlamadan devrin şeyhülislâmı Zekeriyyâzâde Yahyâ Efendi’nin muhalefetine rağmen Sultan İbrâhim’in fermanıyla önce Sahn-ı Semân (Rebîülevvel 1052 / Haziran 1642), ardından Süleymaniye medreselerinden birinin müderrisliğine getirildi. Çok geçmeden de padişah hocalığına ve İstanbul kadılığı pâyesiyle Galata kadılığına tayin edildi. Yine padişah emriyle Anadolu kazaskerliğinden mâzul Karaçelebizâde Mahmud Efendi’nin kızıyla evlendikten ve bazı yandaşlarıyla 1644’te rakip olarak gördüğü Kemankeş Mustafa Paşa’yı katlettirdikten sonra nüfuzu daha da arttı ve aynı yılın mayısında Anadolu kazaskerliğine getirildi, Galata kazası da arpalık olarak üzerinde kaldı.
Kısa aralıklarla dört defa Anadolu kazaskerliğine tayin edilen Hüseyin Efendi, Naîmâ’ya göre hakkındaki bazı rüşvet ve suistimal dedikodularının artması, bazı mâzul kadıların onun bu suistimallerini yayıp saraya kadar ulaştırmaları yüzünden (Târih , IV, 219 vd.) önce 17 Nisan 1646’da kazaskerlikten alındı, ardından da ikametine tahsis edilen saraydan çıkarıldı ve İzmit’e sürüldü. Birkaç gün sonra İstanbul’a dönmesine izin verildiyse de tekrar padişahın gazabına uğrayarak bu defa Gelibolu’ya gönderildi. Bu arada Şekerpâre Kadın gibi sarayda kendisiyle iş birliği yapanlar da çeşitli yerlere sürülmüştür. Gelibolu’da on gün kalan Hüseyin Efendi Sultan İbrâhim’in izniyle İstanbul’a döndü. Ancak bir süre sonra padişahın tahttan indirilip öldürülmesiyle hâmisiz kaldı.
IV. Mehmed’in cülûsu münasebetiyle kapıkulu askerlerine verilecek bahşiş için kendisinden 200 kese akçe talep edildi. Kayınpederi Karaçelebizâde Mahmud Efendi tarafından, cülûs bahşişi için devlete para yardımında bulunursa kazasker emeklilerine tevcih edilen arpalıklardan verileceğinin belirtilmesine rağmen Hüseyin Efendi parası olmadığını öne sürerek istenen meblağı ödemeye yanaşmadı. Fakat durumunun kötüye gittiğini anlayan kethüdâsı Hacı Nûrullah’ın uyarısıyla ayarı düşük, eksik ve silik paralarla kırık altınlardan ayırıp bir miktar vermeye razı olduysa da o sırada vezîriâzamın emriyle Çavuşbaşı Abdülfettah Ağa ve adamlarının evini basması üzerine paniğe kapıldı ve dama çıktı, beş altı metre yükseklikten atlayarak komşusunun evine sığındı. Ancak burada gizlendiği yerden çıkarılarak feci şekilde dövüldü ve sadrazamın huzuruna getirildi. Sofu Mehmed Paşa tarafından kendisinden tekrar istenen 200 kese akçeyi vermek istemeyince kethüdâsıyla birlikte Paşakapısı’nda hapsedildi. Bu arada vezîriâzama, kendisini yeni padişaha hoca yaparlarsa 100 kese akçe verebileceğini bildirdiyse de bu teklifi kabul edilmedi. Evinde yapılan aramada 200 kese kuruştan başka denkler, bohçalar ve sandıklar dolusu altın ve mücevheratı ile elliden fazla samur kürkünün olduğu görüldü. Bunlar Paşakapısı’na taşındı ve Hüseyin Efendi’nin gözü önünde müsadere edildi. Bu arada bazı hayır kurumlarına vakıf diye kendisine temlik ettirdiği tarla ve köylerin mülknâmeleri elinden alınarak üzerinde sadece zeâmet ve timarlar bırakıldı. Öte yandan kazaskerlikleri zamanında yazdığı rûznâmeler getirtilerek yaptığı müderrislik ve kadılık tevcihleri sayılan Hüseyin Efendi’nin gerek bunlardan gerekse rica ile yaptırdığı tayinlerden ve bu arada padişahtan aldığı hediyelerle paralar hesaplandı, mûtat giderleri düşüldükten sonra nakdî varlığının 3000 keseden fazla olduğu anlaşıldı. Cellât Kara Ali tarafından mahpus tutulduğu yerde işkence ve ölümle tehdit edilerek paralarının bulunduğu yerler söylettirildi. Gerçekten on iki güğüm çil akçesiyle eski ve yeni meskûkâttan 70.000 kuruşunun bulunduğu görüldü. IV. Mehmed’in cülûs bahşişi için dağıtılan bu paralar bir süre halk arasında “Cinci akçesi” adıyla dolaştı. Ancak ayarı hâlis olduğundan bu paralar gerek bazı sarraflar tarafından gerekse yeni padişah adına tekrar darp edilmek üzere hazinece toplattırıldı ve kısa sürede yok edildi. Hüseyin Efendi’nin sadece altın ve gümüş kap kacağının değeri 200 kese akçe civarındaydı. Bunlar ve kıymetli mefruşat da müsadere edildiyse de öteki ev eşyalarına ve mallarına dokunulmadı. Ayrıca Süleymaniye vakfından haksız yere kendisi için günde 500, kethüdâsı için de 200 akçe olarak aldığı paralar ilk günden itibaren hesaplanarak 15.000 kuruşa varan bu meblağ ilgili vakfa iade edildi. Hüseyin Efendi’nin kayınpederinden kızının mihr-i müeccelinin miktarını soran vezîriâzam 1000 altın olan bu meblağı da ona gönderdi.
Bir süre daha mahpus tutulan Hüseyin Efendi, muhtemelen mânevî gücünden çekinildiği için Habeş eyaletine bağlı İbrim sancak beyliğine tayin edildi. Ancak yolda Mihaliç’e (Karacabey) varıldığı sırada müptelâ olduğu nikris hastalığının şiddetlenmesi üzerine orada kalmasına müsaade edildi. Bir süre sonra hâmisi olan Kırım hanının aracılığı ile İstanbul’a dönmesine izin verildiyse de gerek kendisinin her gördüğüne mal ve paralarının gasbedildiğini, padişaha onda birinin verilmediğini söylemesi, gerekse adamlarının o sıralarda Sultan İbrâhim’in kanını dava amacıyla çıkan ve Sultan Ahmed Camii Vak‘ası adıyla anılan sipahi ayaklanmasına katılarak efendilerinin mallarının haksız yere alındığı yolunda ileri geri konuşmaları sarayda rahatsızlığa sebep oldu. Bunun üzerine Şevval 1058’de (Ekim-Kasım 1648) Limnili Hüseyin Çavuş tarafından öldürüldü.
Asıl adından çok kaynaklarda Cinci Hoca lakabıyla anılan, çağdaşları Evliya Çelebi ve Mehmed Halîfe tarafından cahil, Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz tarafından ise “Sultan İbrâhim’e duhûl ve ervâh-ı habîse gibi hulûl eden” biri olarak nitelenen Hüseyin Efendi (Seyahatnâme , I, 274; Târîh-i Gılmânî , s. 45; Zeyl-i Ravzatü’l-ebrâr , s. 20), sarayda Sultan İbrâhim’in gözdelerinden Şekerpâre Kadın ve Silâhdar Yûsuf Ağa (Paşa) ile iş birliği ederek padişah üzerindeki derin nüfuzu sayesinde devrin siyasî olaylarına karışmış, azil ve tayinlerde etkili olmuş, bu arada Girit’e sefer yapılmasında rol oynamış, Sadrazam Kemankeş Mustafa Paşa ile Şeyhülislâm Zekeriyyâzâde Yahyâ Efendi’nin durumlarını sarsmış, kısa sürede başta Mustafa Paşa olmak üzere sevmediği veya kendisine muhalif bulduğu devlet adamlarının ortadan kaldırılmasında rol oynamıştır. Devrin kaynaklarından anlaşıldığına göre en büyük amacı daha çok kazanmak, mal ve mülk edinmek olan Cinci Hüseyin Efendi, kayınpederi Karaçelebizâde Mahmud Efendi’nin de himayesiyle kazaskerlikleri zamanında uhdesindeki ilmiye kadrolarını rüşvetle ve âdeta açık arttırma ile satarak sağladığı haksız gelirlerle kısa sürede çok zenginleşmiş ve aynı zamanda sarayda iktidar mücadelelerinin otorite boşluğu sebebiyle çok arttığı çalkantılı dönemin tipik bir siması olarak tarihteki yerini almıştır. Safranbolu’da XVII. yüzyıla ait Cinci Hanı’nın Cinci Hoca tarafından yaptırılmış olması kuvvetle muhtemeldir (DİA , VIII, 15).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
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a.mlf., Zeyl-i Ravzatü’l-ebrâr (haz. Nevzat Kaya, doktora tezi), 1990, İÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, s. 20.
Mehmed Halîfe, Târîh-i Gılmânî (haz. Ömer Karayumak), İstanbul, ts., s. 45 vd.
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Naîmâ, Târih , IV, 35-37, 219-222, 283, 337-346.
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Hammer (Atâ Bey) , X, 33, 35 vd., 71, 85, 125.
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Yağlıkçızâde Ahmed Rifat, Lugat-ı Târihiyye ve Coğrafiyye , İstanbul 1289-1300, III, 51-52.
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a.mlf., Tarihî Sîmâlar , İstanbul 1931, tür.yer.
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a.mlf., “Sultan İbrâhim Devrinde İsrâfât”, İkdam , sy. 9652, İstanbul 14.II.1924.
Ziya Şakir, Osmanlı Saraylarında Cinci Hoca , İstanbul, ts.
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Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi , III/1, s. 211-212, 218, 223, 225-226, 241.
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Tayyib Gökbilgin, “İbrâhim”, İA , V/2, s. 881 vd.
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R. Ekrem Koçu, “Cinci Akçesi, Cinci Parası”, İst.A , VII, 3579.
a.mlf., “Cinci Hoca Sarayı”, a.e. , VII, 3579-3580.
Hakkı Göktürk, “Cinci Hanı”, a.e. , VII, 3579.
Selda Ertuğrul, “Cinci Hanı”, DİA , VIII, 15-16.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1998 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 18. cildinde, 541-543 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.