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HÜSREV ve ŞÎRİN Skip to content İran ve Türk edebiyatlarına has klasik mesnevi konusu.
Bir aşk macerasının asırlar boyunca ilgi görmüş ve sevilmiş hikâyesi olan Hüsrev ve Şîrin’in aslı Sâsânî Hükümdarı Pervîz’in hayatından alınmış olup Şîrîn ü Hüsrev, Şîrîn ve Pervîz, Ferhâd ve Şîrîn, Ferhadnâme gibi adlarla da bilinmektedir.
Yaşadığı dönemden itibaren Hüsrev’in şaşaalı saltanatı (590-628), sevgilisi Şîrin, atı Şebdîz ile mûsikişinasları Bârbed, Nikisâ ve hazineleri hakkında çeşitli efsaneler ortaya çıkmıştır. Hüsrev’in çok zengin ve ihtişamlı bir hükümdar olduğunu belirten tarihî kaynaklarda onun siyasî hayatına geniş yer verildiği halde Şîrin’le münasebetine birkaç satırla temas edilir. Mesnevilerde ise Hüsrev’in siyasî hayatı kısaca geçilirken asıl ağırlığı Şîrin ile olan aşk macerası teşkil eder. Hüsrev’in tarihî şahsiyetinin çok iyi bilinmesine karşılık Şîrin’e ait bilgiler birbirini tutmamaktadır. Onun, hikâyeye aykırı olarak İran büyüklerinden birinin câriyesi diye gösterilmesi yanında (Mîrhând, I, 265-267; Hândmîr, vr. 92a-b ) Hüsrev’in câriyesi (Taberî, III, 114) veya Romalı hıristiyan bir kız olarak da (Lebeau, XI, 501) söz konusu edildiği görülür. Şâhnâme ise Şîrin’i Ermen ülkesi melikesi Mihîn Bânû’nun yeğeni olarak tanıtır. Nizâmî-i Gencevî ile Ali Şîr Nevâî de onu böyle göstermişlerdir. Hikâyenin diğer kahramanı olan Ferhad’ın tarihî şahsiyeti ise meçhuldür. Şâhnâme ve Ravżatü’ṣ-ṣafâʾ da adı geçmez; Nizâmî’de, Rum diyarında (Bizans) su yolları yapmakla ün salmış usta bir mimar ve mühendis olarak görülür. Şeyhî’nin eserinde Hüsrev’in müşaviri Şâvur’un Çin’den ders arkadaşı olur. Nevâî’de Çin hakanının oğlu olan bir mimar ve ressamdır (mesnevinin bu kahramanları hakkında daha geniş bilgi için bk. Şeyhî ve Husrev ü Şîrin’i [haz. Faruk K. Timurtaş], hazırlayanın girişi, s. 18-21).
Hüsrev ve Şîrin konusu, edebiyatta ilk defa Firdevsî’nin Şâhnâme ’sinde siyasî mücadeleler esas olmak üzere yer almışsa da ona asıl şeklini vererek başlı başına klasik bir konu haline gelmesini sağlayan Nizâmî-i Gencevî olmuştur. Onun mesnevi tarzında ölümsüzleştirdiği bu macera kendisinden sonra yüzyıllar boyunca elliden fazla şair tarafından işlenmiştir. Bu eserler, bazı farklı tarafları bulunmakla beraber hep Nizâmî’nin eserinden ilham alınarak yazılmıştır.
Mesnevinin Nizâmî’deki şekliyle esas çerçevesi şöyledir: Çocuğu olmayan İran hükümdarı Hürmüz’ün Tanrı’ya yakarışları ve adakları sonunda dünyaya gelen oğlu Hüsrev, büyük bir itina ile büyütülüp delikanlılık çağına vardığında bir gece rüyasında gördüğü dedesi Enûşirevân’dan kendisine Allah tarafından şu dört şeyin ihsan edileceği müjdesini alır: Emsalsiz güzellikte bir sevgili, adı Şebdîz olan hârikulâde bir at, Bârbed adında bir mûsikişinas ve muhteşem bir taht. Hüsrev gün görmüş, ülkeler dolaşmış, maharetli bir ressam olan nedimi Şâpûr’dan Ermen melikesi Mihîn Bânû’nun Şîrin adında dünyalar güzeli bir yeğeni ve onun da Şebdîz adlı bir atının bulunduğunu öğrenir. Hakkında duydukları ile Şîrin’e âşık olan Hüsrev, Şîrin’i istetmek için Şâpûr’u Ermen diyarına gönderir. Şâpûr, Hüsrev’in resimlerini yaparak Şîrin’in görebileceği yerlere asıp onun ilgi ve merakını uyandırır. Daha sonra da rahip kılığı ile ortaya çıkar ve gerçeği anlatır. Şîrin de resimlerine bakarak Hüsrev’e âşık olur. Hüsrev’in bir yüzüğü ile beraber resmini Şîrin’e veren Şâpûr, Hüsrev’i bulmak üzere onun ülkesi Medâin’e gitmesini söyler. Şîrin, erkek kıyafetine girip avlanmak bahanesiyle atı Şebdîz’e binip saraydan ayrılır ve Medâin yolunu tutar. Diğer tarafta, memleketinin kumandanlarından Behrâm-ı Çûbin’in entrikası yüzünden babası ile arası açılan Hüsrev, sadık bendelerine Şîrin gelecek olursa onu ücra bir köşkte ağırlamaları için tâlimat verip kıyafetini değiştirerek Ermen ülkesine doğru yola çıkar. Yolda bir göl kenarında konaklar ve gölde yıkanmakta olan Şîrin’i görür. Ancak ikisi de değişik kıyafetlere girmiş olduklarından birbirlerini tanımazlar ve aksi istikamette yollarına devam ederlerse de bir süre sonra durumun farkına varırlar. Şîrin, Mihîn Bânû’dan izinsiz ayrıldığı için Ermen’e dönemeyeceğini düşünerek Medâin’deki köşkte Hüsrev’in geri dönüşünü beklemeye başlar. Hüsrev ise Mihîn Bânû’nun misafiri olarak Ermen’de hasretle Şîrin’i beklemekte ve yanından ayırmadığı Bârbed’in nağmeleriyle teselli bulmaktadır. Daha sonra Medâin’de olduğu öğrenilen Şîrin’i almaya gönderilen Şâpûr onu bulur, birlikte Ermen’e doğru yola çıkarlar. O sırada babasının, kumandanı Behrâm-ı Çûbin tarafından tahttan indirildiği haberini alarak Medâin’e giden Hüsrev, Çûbin’in tertipleri ve onun askeri karşısında tutunamayıp yeniden Ermen’e hareket eder. Öte yandan Ermen’e varan Şîrin orada Hüsrev’i bulamayınca perişan olur. Ancak bir gün kendini oyalamak için ava çıktığında Hüsrev’le karşılaşır. İki sevgili günlerini av ve içki âlemleriyle geçirmekte iken Hüsrev Şîrin’den vuslat ister. Mihîn Bânû’nun kendisine öğüt verip yemin ettirmiş olması dolayısıyla Şîrin bu teklifi reddeder ve ona her şeyden önce mertlik gereği olarak taç ve tahtını kurtarmasını söyler. Şîrin’in bu sözleriyle gönlü kırılan Hüsrev bir çare aramak ümidiyle Bizans diyarına gider. Kendisini çok iyi karşılayan Rum kayseri onu kızı Meryem ile evlendirir ve tahtını kurtarması için 50.000 kişilik bir ordu ile Medâin’e gönderir. Behrâm-ı Çûbin’i zorlu bir savaşla yenen Hüsrev orada yeniden tahtına oturur. Ancak Meryem ile yaptığı gönülsüz evlilik ona Şîrin’in aşkını unutturamamıştır. Bu arada Mihîn Bânû ölmüş, Şîrin Ermen melikesi olmuştur. Hüsrev’e yaptığı gönül kırıcı muameleden pişmanlık duymakta ve hâlâ onun aşkıyla yanmaktadır. İçinde bulunduğu ruh haliyle ülkeyi yönetemeyeceğini anladığından bir yıl sonra tahtını yakınlarından birine bırakarak Medâin’deki köşkte inzivaya çekilir. Bu arada Hüsrev, Şâpûr’u araya koyarak çektiği hasrete dayanamadığını ve görüşme dileğini Şîrin’e iletir. Şîrin ise onun bu talebini artık başkası ile evli olduğu için geri çevirir.
Burada maceraya başka bir yön veren olaylar içinde yeni bir şahıs ortaya çıkar. Çocukluğundan beri taze sütle beslenmeye alışkın olan Şîrin çevre otlaksız olduğundan süt bulmakta zorluk çekmektedir. Şâpûr’dan buna bir çare bulmasını ister. Şâpûr da Çin’de kendisiyle birlikte aynı üstattan ders gören arkadaşı Ferhad’ı ona getirir. Şîrin’in isteği üzerine işe başlayan Ferhad, bir ay içinde sarp kayalar arasında bir su yolu açıp Şîrin’in köşkü önünde yaptığı havuz ve çeşmeye uzaktaki otlaklardan taze süt akıtmaya başlar. Fakat Ferhad daha sesini ilk duyduğu anda Şîrin’e âşık olmuştur. Onun yaptığı işe mükâfat olarak verdiği mücevherleri kabul etmez. Ümitsiz aşkının ıstırabı ile kırlara, dağlara düşer. Gizli tutmak istediği aşkı kısa zamanda herkes tarafından duyulur. Durumu öğrendiğinde Ferhad’ı kıskanan Hüsrev, onu huzuruna çağırıp para ve servet teklifiyle onu bu sevdasından vazgeçirmeye çalışır. Razı edemeyince, başardığı takdirde Şîrin’den uzak durmayı vaad ederek baştan başa sert bir kayadan ibaret olan Bîsütun dağını delip ordunun geçebileceği bir yol açmak gibi olmayacak bir işle oyalamak ister. Şîrin’in aşkından aldığı güçle işe girişen Ferhad her kazma vuruşunda dağın bir parçasını indirir. Şîrin’in ve atı Şebdîz’in tasvirlerini kayalara işleyen Ferhad’ın yaptığı iş dillere destan olur. Duyduğu merakla onun çalışmasını seyretmeye gelen Şîrin’in bir ara atı sakatlanıp yuvarlanmak üzere iken Ferhad onu atıyla birlikte havada yakalayıp köşke götürür. Bu arada açmakta olduğu yolu neredeyse dağın öbür ucuna ulaştırabileceği korkusu Hüsrev’e Ferhad’ı aradan kaldırma çarelerini düşündürür. Bu maksatla ona Şîrin’in öldüğü haberini yollar. Duyduğu haberle yıkılan Ferhad derin bir ıstırapla hemen can verir. O sırada Hüsrev’in karısı Meryem de ölür. Bu iki ölüm dolayısıyla Hüsrev ile Şîrin birbirlerine iğneleyici birer baş sağlığı mektubu yazarlar. Yaptıklarından özür dileyip Şîrin ile yeniden bir araya gelmek isteyen Hüsrev, onun bu teklife uzak durması karşısında kendisini avutmak için Şeker adlı genç bir kızla evlenir. Fakat bir müddet sonra Hüsrev Şeker’den bıktığı gibi Şîrin’in de inadı kırılır. Neticede Hüsrev ve Şîrin büyük bir düğünle evlenirler. Hüsrev’in Şîrin, taht, Bârbed ve Şebdîz’e sahip olacağına dair rüyası böylece gerçekleşmiş olur. Bu şekilde yaşayıp giderlerken Şîrin’in tesiriyle değişen, varlık ve hayatın fâniliği hakkında felsefî düşüncelere kapılan Hüsrev Şîrin’le beraber inzivaya çekilir. Hüsrev’in Meryem’den doğan ve tahtın vârisi olan kötü ruhlu oğlu Şîrûye öteden beri Şîrin’e göz koymuştur. Gayesine ulaşmak için babası Hüsrev’i bir gece öldürtür. Şîrin’e gizlice haber gönderip onu kendisiyle evlenmeye zorlar. Şîrin bu teklifi kabullenmiş görünerek Şîrûye’yi oyalar. Hazırlanan türbeye Hüsrev’in tabutu büyük bir merasimle götürülür. Tek başına türbeye giren Şîrin, belinden çıkardığı hançerle tabutun başında ona sarılmış olarak hayatına son verir.
İran edebiyatında bu aşk macerası üzerinde mesnevi yazanların sayısı otuzdan fazladır. Nizâmî’nin Penc Genc adlı hamsesinin ikinci kitabı olarak 576’da (1180) tamamladığı Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’ini şu eserler takip etmiştir: Emîr Hüsrev-i Dihlevî’nin Şîrîn ü Ḫüsrev ’i (1299); Türk asıllı olup 770’te (1368-69) Azerbaycan ve Şirvan’da bulunan Ârifî’nin Ferhâdnâme ’si; Hâce Şehâbeddin’in müellifin ölümü sebebiyle yarım kalan Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’i; Âhî-i Meşhedî ve Kāsımî’nin Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’leri; Vahşî-i Bâfkī’nin (ö. 991/1583) yazmaya başladığı, ancak çok sonra Visâl-i Şîrâzî (ö. 1262/1846) tarafından tamamlanan Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ’i; Urfî-i Şîrâzî’nin Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ’i; Şeref-i İsfahânî, Kevserî ve Şâpûr’un Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’leri; Mîr Muhsin’in Şîrîn ü Ḫüsrev ’i; Âsaf Han, Şerîf Kâşî ve Hindistan Türk Hükümdarı Cihan Şah döneminde yazan Vaslî’nin Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’i; Şah Abbas Safevî devri şairi Bezmî’nin Şîrîn ü Ferhâd ’ı; Rûhülemîn Şehristânî, Meşrikī ve İbrâhim Edhem’in Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’leri; Evrengzîb devri şairi Hızrî’nin Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’i; aynı dönemde Fevkī’nin Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ’i; Nâmî, Şihâb-ı Türşîzî, Ayânî ve Şu‘le’nin (XIX. yüzyıl) Ḫüsrev ü Şîrîn ’leri.
Hüseyin Baykara, kendisine nisbet edilen Mecâlisü’l-ʿuşşâḳ adlı eserde yer alan kısa bir “Hüsrev ü Şîrîn” hikâyesi sebebiyle “Hüsrev ü Şîrîn” mesnevisi yazan şairler arasında gösterilirse de bu doğru değildir (bk. HÜSEYİN BAYKARA ). Aynı hikâye, İmâdüdin Fakih (ö. 773/1371) ve Hilâlî (ö. 939/1532-33) tarafından da küçük hacimde birer mesnevi olarak işlenmiştir (İran edebiyatındaki bu mesneviler hakkında daha geniş bilgi için bk. Timurtaş, ŞM , IV [1961], s. 73-86; Şeyhî ve Husrev ü Şîrin’i [haz. Faruk K. Timurtaş], hazırlayanın girişi, s. 22-34; ayrıca bk. Browne, I, 12-18; II, 400-406; Rızâzâde-i Şafak, bk. bibl.; Zehrâ-i Hânlerî, s. 195-196; H. Krenn, LIII [1956], s. 92-96; Mohammad Wahid Mirza, s. 195-197; Firdevsî, s. 1056-1074).
XIV. yüzyıl ortalarından başlayarak Türk edebiyatında da Hüsrev ve Şîrin konusunu işleyen mesneviler yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Bilinen yirmi iki mesneviden bir kısmı doğrudan doğruya tercüme şeklinde, geri kalanların çoğunluğu ise hikâyenin aslında olmayan yeni ve yer yer mahallî unsurlar kazanmış çeşitli farklılıklar taşıyan birer adaptasyon durumundadır. Hikâye, Türk edebiyatına ilk önce Altın Orda şairi Kutb’un Nizâmî’den tercüme ettiği Hüsrev ü Şîrîn ile (1341) girmiştir.
Anadolu sahasında ilk “Hüsrev ü Şîrîn”i Aydınoğlu Îsâ Bey adına 768’de (1367) Fahrî kaleme almıştır. Nizâmî’nin eserini tercüme eden Fahrî ayrıca Şâhnâme ’den de faydalanmış ve mesnevinin konusunda bazı değişiklikler yapmıştır. Ondan sonra Şeyhî, II. Murad adına kaleme aldığı mesneviyle Türkçe’de yazılan en güzel ve en başarılı Hüsrev ü Şîrîn ’i meydana getirmiştir.
Çağatay edebiyatı sahasında konuyu ilk defa Ferhâd ü Şîrîn adıyla 1484 yılında Nevâî kaleme almıştır. Nizâmî ve Hüsrev-i Dihlevî’nin eserleri başta olmak üzere daha önce yazılmış “Hüsrev ü Şîrin”leri incelemekle işe başlayan Nevâî, konunun özünde bir değişiklik yaparak Hüsrev yerine Ferhad’ı merkeze alır. Ona göre aşkı terennüm eden bir eserde, aşkın lezzetinden ziyade ıstırabını yaşayan kişinin ön planda tutulması gerekir. Böylece diğer mesnevilerde ikinci derecede yer alan Ferhad’ın macerası Nevâî’nin kaleminden Şark masallarından alınmış ejderha, ehrimen, sihirli ayna, tılsım açma gibi sözlü gelenekten süzülen orijinal motiflerle başlı başına bir hikâye haline gelir. Nevâî’nin bu eserindeki hareket noktası ilâhî aşkı düşündüren veya ona ulaştıracak platonik aşk motifidir. Dolayısıyla aşk ve aşk azabının hakikati Ferhad’ın macerasında somutlaştırılır. Hüsrev’in duygularını sadece bir heves olarak kabul eden Nevâî onun maddî aşkını önemsiz bulur. Platonik aşkı ve bu aşkın en son noktaya erişinceye kadar geçirdiği bütün safhaları sembolik bir anlatımla vermeye çalışan Nevâî, hikâyenin çatısında köklü değişiklikler yapar ve bu yönüyle orijinal bir eser meydana getirir. Ferhâd ü Şîrîn , gerek Nizâmî gerek Hüsrev-i Dihlevî gerekse diğer benzerlerinden farklı bir yapıda yepyeni bir mesnevi olarak ortaya çıkar. Nevâî, Ferhad’ı Çin hakanının (Çin Türkistanı) ikbal yolları kapanmış bir şehzadesi olarak gösterip o dönem Türk coğrafyasındaki milliyetçi duyguları da eserine sindirmiştir.
Nevâî’den sonra bu aşk macerasını mesnevi şeklinde anlatan şairlerin çoğu Osmanlılar arasından çıkmıştır. Hepsi de II. Bayezid devrinde yaşamış Ahmed Rıdvan, Muîdî, Sadrî, Hayâtî, Harîmî (Şehzade Korkut, Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ); Âhî (ö. 923/1517, Hikâyet-i Şîrîn ü Pervîz ve Rivâyet-i Gülgûn u Şebdîz -yarım kalmıştır-), Celîlî, Lâmiî Çelebi, Ferhâdnâme (918’de [1512] tamamlanan eser, Nevâî’nin Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ’inden oldukça değişik bir üslûpla nakildir), Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman devri şairlerinden Ârif Çelebi (Ferhâd ü Şîrîn ), Şânî (Ferhâdnâme ), İmamzâde Ahmed, Halîfe, Mahvî, Fasîh Ahmed Dede ve Sâlim (III. Selim devri) bunlardandır. Âzerî sahasında ise Mustafa Ağa Nâsır (XIX. yüzyıl) bir Hüsrev ü Şîrîn tercümesi, Nâkâm da bir Ferhâd ü Şîrîn (M. Ali Resulzâde, bk. bibl.) ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca Ömer Bâkî’nin Doğu Türkçesi ile yazılmış Ferhâdnâme ’si olduğu bilinmektedir (Şeyhî ve Husrev ü Şîrin’i [haz. Faruk K. Timurtaş], hazırlayanın girişi, s. 22-46).
Türk edebiyatında asırlar boyunca ele alınmış olan bu mesnevi konusu, Ferhad ile Şîrin adı altında az çok değişikliklerle bir halk hikâyesi şeklinde de işlenmiştir (bk. FERHAD ve ŞÎRİN ). Mesnevi, 1870’li yıllarda M. R. rumuzu ile muhtemelen Manastırlı Mehmed Rifat tarafından Hüsrev ü Şîrîn adını taşıyan on dört fasıllık bir tiyatro eseri haline getirilmiştir. Son zamanlarda Azerbaycanlı bestekâr Üzeyir Hacıbeyli tarafından “Ferhad ile Şîrin” operası meydana getirildiği gibi Ali Şeyhülislâm da “Operet-i Hüsrev ü Şîrin”i tertip etmiştir. Bundan başka Zebîh Bihrûz 1920’de İngilizce olarak bir Hüsrev ü Şîrin senaryosu yazmış, Şâh-ı Îrân ve Bânû-yı Ermen adıyla yayımlanan eser (Tahran 1304 hş.) filme de alınıp İran’da ve başka ülkelerde gösterilmiş ve ilgi uyandırmıştır (Mehmed Emin Resulzâde, s. 355). Hikâye ayrıca eskiden beri “Ferhad ve Şîrin” adıyla karagöz oyunlarında müstakil olarak işlenmiştir. Mesnevinin ön plandaki kahramanları ayrıca divan edebiyatında çeşitli edebî sanatlarda mazmun olarak da anılmıştır (bk. FERHAD ; ŞEBDÎZ; ŞÎRİN ).
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Mehmed Emin Resulzâde, Azerbaycan Şairi Nizamî , Ankara 1951, s. 355.
A. Zajaczkowski, Poemat Irański Ḫusrev-u-Šīrīn w wersji osmańsko-tureckiej Šeyḫī , Warszawa 1963.
a.mlf. – H. Massé, “Farhād wa-S̲h̲īrīn”, EI2 (İng.) , II, 793-795.
Kocatürk, Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi , s. 212-216.
Agâh Sırrı Levend, Ali Şir Nevaî: Hayatı, Sanatı ve Kişiliği , Ankara 1965, s. 92-112.
a.mlf., “Not”, TDl. , X (1952), s. 21.
a.mlf., “Lâmiî’nin Ferhad ü Şirin’i”, TDAY Belleten (1964), s. 85-111.
a.mlf., “Celilî’nin Husrev u Şirin’i”, a.e. (1965), s. 103-127.
a.mlf., “Ahmet Rızvan’ın Husrev u Şirin’i”, a.e. (1966), s. 215-258.
a.mlf., “Divan Edebiyatında Hikâye”, a.e. (1967), s. 100.
Zehrâ-i Hânlerî, Ferheng-i Edebiyyât-ı Fârisî , Tahran 1348 hş., s. 195-196.
Banarlı, RTET , I, 357-358, 430-431, 461-463.
M. Wahid Mirza, The Life and Works of Amir Khusrau , Pencab 1973, s. 195-197.
M. Immanazarov, “Şirin i Ḫosrov”, Vostoçnoe Yazıkoznanie , Moskova 1976, s. 98-106.
Âmil Çelebioğlu, Sultan II. Murad Devri Mesnevileri (doçentlik tezi, 1976, Atatürk Üniversitesi İslâmî İlimler Fakültesi), s. 252-266.
Haluk İpekten v.dğr., Tezkirelere Göre Divan Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü , Ankara 1988, s. 15, 85, 260, 273, 406, 423, 435, 484.
İskender Pala, Ansiklopedik Dîvân Şiiri Sözlüğü , Ankara 1989, I, 322-324, 468-472.
M. Ali Resulzâde, “Şair İsmail Nâkâm”, AYB , nr. 28 (1934), s. 155.
H. Krenn, “Bemerkungen zu Versen von Nizāmis Efos Husrev und Šīrīn”, WZKM , LIII (1956), s. 92-96.
E. E. Bertels, “Ali Şir Nevaî’nin Ferhad ü Şirin’i” (trc. Rasime Uygun), TDAY Belleten (1957), s. 115-130.
Faruk K. Timurtaş, “Türk Edebiyatında Husrev ü Şirin ve Ferhad ü Şirin Hikâyesi”, TDED , IX (1959), s. 65-88.
a.mlf., “İran Edebiyatında Husrev ü Şirin ve Ferhad ü Şirin Yazan Şairler”, ŞM , IV (1961), s. 73-86.
B. Flemming, “Faḫrīs Ḫusrev u Šīrīn vom Jahre 1367”, ZDMG , CXV/1 (1965), s. 36-64.
Gulâm Hüseyin Bigdelî, “Dâsitân-ı Ḫusrev u Şîrîn-i Nizâmî ve Edebiyyât-ı Türk”, Neşriyye-i Dânişgede-i Edebiyyât ve ʿUlûm-i İnsânî , sy. 89, Tahran 1348 hş., s. 25-40; sy. 90-91 (1348 hş.), s. 121-145.
E. İ. Fazılov, “Kutb’un Husrev ü Şîrîn Yazmasında Bulunan Kayıtlar” (trc. Nazif Hoca), TDED , XXI (1975), s. 89-96.
Fevziye Abdullah, “Ferhad ile Şîrîn”, İA , IV, 565-566.
“Ferhâd ile Şîrîn”, TDEA , III, 194-197.
“Husrev ü Şîrin”, a.e. , IV, 276-279.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1999 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 19. cildinde, 53-55 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.