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İBN EBÜ’l-HADÎD Skip to content Ebû Hâmid İzzüddîn Abdülhamîd b. Hibetillâh b. Muhammed el-Medâinî (ö. 656/1258)
Nehcü’l-belâġa şârihi, Mu‘tezile kelâmcısı ve şair.
Kaynaklarda 1 Zilhicce 586’da (30 Aralık 1190) Medâin’de dünyaya geldiği ve ilk öğrenimini burada yaptığı kaydediliyorsa da bir şiirinden (krş. İbn Ebü’r-Rızâ el-Alevî, s. 113) Kerh’te doğup Medâin’de yetiştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Kültürlü bir aileye mensup olan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in babası Medâin’de kadılık yapmıştı. Kardeşleri Ebü’l-Meâlî Muvaffakuddin Ahmed, Ebü’l-Berekât Muhammed ve Ebû Muhammed Abdüllatîf de şairdir. Medâin halkı genellikle gulât-ı Şîa’dan olduğu için İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in de başlangıçta yetiştiği çevrenin etkisiyle bu mezhebi benimsediği, 611’de (1214) yazdığı “el-Ḳaşâʾidü’s-sebʿu’l-ʿaleviyyât” adlı manzumelerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Daha sonra tahsilini ilerletmek için Bağdat’a giden İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, Nizâmiye medreselerinde değişik mezheplere mensup âlimlerin derslerine devam etti. Şâfiî Ebü’l-Hayr Musaddık b. Şebîb el-Vâsıtî’den Arap dili ve grameri, Hanbelî Ebü’l-Bekā el-Ukberî’den Arap edebiyatı, Şiî-Hanefî âlimi ve Mu‘tezile kelâmcısı Ebû Ya‘kūb Yûsuf b. İsmâil el-Lemgānî’den Mu‘tezile kelâmı, Hanbelî Ebû Muhammed Fahreddin İsmâil b. Ali el-Bağdâdî’den fıkıh, usul ve mantık, Şiî Ebû Muhammed Kureyş b. Sübey‘a b. Mühennâ’dan tarih ve mutedil bir Şiî olan Basra nakîbi Ebû Ca‘fer Yahyâ b. Muhammed el-Basrî’den İslâm tarihi dersleri aldı. Nehcü’l-belâġa şerhinde sık sık görüşlerine yer verdiği Ebû Ca‘fer Yahyâ onun fikrî yapısının oluşumunda hayli etkili olmuştur. Bunlardan başka hocalarının bulunduğu da bilinmektedir.
Gördüğü eğitimin ve bulunduğu ortamın etkisiyle aşırı düşüncelerinden uzaklaşıp Mufaddıla’dan olmakla yetinen İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd aldığı kelâm ve usul derslerinden sonra da Mu‘tezile’ye meyletti. Bağdat, Vâsıt, Kerh ve Hille’de bazı idarî görevlerde bulunmasının ardından Abbâsî Halifesi el-Müstansır-Billâh zamanında (1226-1242) hilâfet merkezinde kâtip olarak görevlendirildi. Daha sonra büyük kardeşi Muvaffakuddin’in de yardımıyla Dârü’t-teşrîfât kâtibi, hazine kâtibi ve hilâfet divanı kâtibi olarak görev yaptı. Bir ara azledildiyse de son Abbâsî halifesi el-Müsta‘sım-Billâh’ın hilâfete geçmesiyle Hille’ye vilâyet müşrifi olarak tayin edildi (642/1244). Bir süre Emîr Alâeddin Tabers’in hocalığını yapan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd daha sonra Kerh’teki Adudüddevle Hastahanesi nâzırlığına getirildi. Son olarak Nasîrüddîn-i Tûsî onu ve kardeşi Muvaffakuddin ile öğrencisi İbnü’s-Sâî’yi Bağdat kütüphaneleri müşrifi olarak tayin etti (656/1258). Aynı yıl Moğol istilâsıyla birlikte Dîvânü’z-zimâm kâtipliği görevine getirildiği de rivayet edilmektedir. Hülâgû’nun 655’te (1257) Bağdat’a saldırısı esnasında ölüme mahkûm edilen İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, Vezir İbnü’l-Alkamî’nin yardımı ve Nasîrüddîn-i Tûsî’nin aracılığıyla kurtulmuş, ertesi yıl Bağdat’ta vefat etmiştir.
İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd kendisinin Sünnîlik’le Şiîlik arasında bulunduğunu söyler. Ayrıca Nehcü’l-belâġa şerhinde (I, 185-186) itikadî görüşlerinin Câhiz’in görüşleriyle uyuştuğunu belirttiği için Mu‘tezile’nin Câhiziyye kolundan sayılmıştır. Son Abbâsî halifesi el-Müsta‘sım-Billâh’ın gulât-ı Şîa’dan olduğu bilinen veziri İbnü’l-Alkamî’ye son derece bağlıydı. Moğollar’ın Bağdat’a ilk hücumunda (642/1244) Abbâsî ordusu Moğol kuvvetlerini mağlûp edince İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd bu zaferi İbnü’l-Alkamî’nin tedbirine bağlamış ve bu sebeple ona yazdığı bir kasideye Nehcü’l-belâġa şerhinde yer vermiştir (VIII, 242-243).
İbn Kesîr, İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in gulât-ı Şîa’dan olduğunu söyler (el-Bidâye , XIII, 213). Ancak Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa incelendiğinde onun mutedil bir Şiî olduğu görülür. Bağdat Mu‘tezilesi’nin (Şîa-i Mufaddıla) görüşünü benimseyerek Hz. Ali’nin kendinden önceki üç halifeden üstün olduğunu savunan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’e göre halifenin en üstün kimse olması şart değildir. İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd gulât-ı Şîa’yı şiddetle kınamış, İmâmiyye’nin Ebû Bekir, Ömer ve Osman ile Hz. Âişe hakkındaki tutumlarını da tenkit etmiştir.
İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in kaynaklarda adı geçen kelâma dair eserlerinden hiçbiri günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Bununla beraber Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa ’dan onun kelâmî görüşleri hakkında bilgi edinmek mümkündür. O bu eserinde yeri geldikçe tevhid, Allah’ın sıfatları, adl, rü’yetullah, büyük günah işleyenin durumu vb. konularda Eş‘ariyye, Kerrâmiyye, İmâmiyye gibi kelâmî ekollerin yaklaşımlarına yer vermiş ve bunları Mu‘tezilî bakış açısıyla değerlendirmiştir. Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Hayyât, Câhiz, Kādî Abdülcebbâr, Ebü’l-Kāsım el-Belhî gibi Mu‘tezile âlimlerinden yaptığı iktibaslardan ve onları tahlil edişinden, onun yalnızca Mu‘tezilî fikirleri aktaran bir nakilci değil aynı zamanda bunları kendi bakış ve yorumlarıyla değerlendiren güçlü bir kelâm âlimi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır (meselâ bk. Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa , III, 223-237; VII, 113-118).
İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in gerek Dîvân-ı İnşâ’da görevliyken kaleme aldığı resmî mektuplarında gerekse özel risâlelerinde eski Arap şiiri, emsal ve hutbeleriyle ediplerin sözlerinden, âyet ve hadislerden lafız ya da anlam itibariyle pek çok iktibas yaptığı görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan onun bu tür sanatlı nesirle kaleme aldığı mektupları edebî ve tarihî açıdan büyük önem taşır. Bununla birlikte gereksiz uzatma ve tekrarlar da göze çarpmaktadır. Diğer taraftan el-Felekü’d-dâʾir ve Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa gibi eserlerini yalın, sade, açık ve güçlü bir üslûpla kaleme almıştır. Bu eserlerde az kullanılan kelimelere yer vermeyerek daima fasih kelime ve tabirlerin seçimine dikkat etmiş, kelâm âlimlerinin dile soktukları “essıfâtü’z-zâtiyye, el-cismâniyyât, el-mahsûsât…” gibi terkip ve kelimeleri fasih bulmamış, bunları kullanmak zorunda kaldığı için de özür dilemiştir (a.g.e. , XX, 350).
Dil ilimlerinde, edebiyatın bütün dallarında, eski şiir, hutbe, ahbâr, ensâb ve emsalde, Arap, lugat ve lehçelerinde, fesahat ve belâgatta güçlü ve geniş bir birikime sahip olan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in bu zengin kültürü başta Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa olmak üzere bütün eserlerine yansımıştır. Ziyâeddin İbnü’l-Esîr’in el-Mes̱elü’s-sâʾir ’i üzerine kaleme aldığı el-Felekü’d-dâʾir ’i edebî tenkit alanında önemli eserlerdendir. Tenkitlerinde genellikle delillere dayalı tarafsız bir eleştiri sergilemekle birlikte bazı tenkitleri daha sonraki eleştirmenlerce haksız bulunmuştur.
Dil ve edebiyat açısından bir kültür hazinesi olan Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa ’sında ele aldığı seci, cinas, mukabele, istidrâc, kinaye, ta‘riz, remz, îmâ, tehallus, istitrat gibi belâgat türleri hakkında teorik bilgilerden çok âyet ve hadislerden, Arap şiir, söz ve emsalinden örneklere yer vermiştir. Hz. Ali’nin secili sözlerini beğenmeyip eleştiren bir grup belâgat âliminin görüşlerini secili âyet ve hadislerden örnekler vererek reddetmiş (I, 126-133), Ebü’l-Alâ el-Maarrî’nin lüzûm mâ lâ yelzem sanatını uyguladığı manzum eserini de tenkit ederek birtakım zorlamalarla dolu olduğunu söylemiştir (I, 133-135). Ebû Temmâm, Ebû Nüvâs gibi bazı meşhur şairlerin şiirlerindeki istiareleri de bu açıdan eleştirmiştir (I, 215-218). Fesahatte kuralı değil zevki esas alan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, İbn Nübâte el-Hatîb’in hutbelerini Hz. Ali’ninkilere denk görenlere karşı onun bazı hutbeleriyle Hz. Ali’nin hutbelerini edebî açıdan karşılaştırarak Hz. Ali’nin hutbelerinin üstünlüğünü göstermiştir (VII, 211-216). Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa ’da bunların dışında çeşitli konularda şiirler, hutbe ve risâleler, hikmetli sözler, atasözleri, vasiyetler, fıkra, mizah, hikâye, haber, müfâhare, münâfere gibi konularla ilgili bol miktarda edebî malzeme yer almaktadır.
Aynı zamanda yetenekli bir şair olan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in es-Sebʿu’l-ʿaleviyyât ve el-Ḳaṣâʾidü’l-Müstanṣıriyyât gibi sanat, edebiyat ve tarih açısından önem taşıyan kasideleri yanında Naẓmü’l-Faşîḥ gibi öğretim amacıyla nazmettiği didaktik urcûzeleri de bulunmaktadır. Özellikle yirmi beş yaşlarındayken kaleme aldığı yedi uzun kasideden oluşan es-Sebʿu’l-ʿaleviyyât geleneksel kasidenin bütün şartlarını taşımakta olup edebî sanatlar, coşku ve lirizm yoğunluğu itibariyle bir şaheserdir. Medih, risâ, hikemiyat, tasvir, gazel ve özellikle münâcâta dair olan şiirlerinden birçoğu el-ʿAbḳariyyü’l-ḥisân adlı eserinde ve öğrencisi İbnü’s-Sâî’nin el-Câmiʿu’l-muḫtaṣar adlı tarihinde yer almaktadır. Divanı zamanımıza ulaşmamıştır.
Eserleri. İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in değişik alanlarda telif, şerh, ta‘lik, reddiye ve tenkit türlerinde kaleme aldığı eserlerinin sayısı yirmiyi aşmaktadır. Bunların çok azı zamanımıza ulaşabilmiştir.
1. Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa . Şerîf er-Radî’nin Hz. Ali’nin hikmetli söz, vecize ve hutbelerinden derlediği Nehcü’l-belâġa adlı kitabının şerhi olup edebiyat, tarih, kelâm ve İslâm kültürünü bütün boyutlarıyla kuşatıcı mahiyette hacimli (yirmi cüz) bir eserdir. İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, Vezir İbnü’l-Alkamî için kaleme aldığı şerhi Receb 644’te (Kasım 1246) yazmaya başlamış ve Hz. Ali’nin halifelik süresi olan dört yıl sekiz aya denk getirerek Safer 649’da (Mayıs 1251) tamamlamış, bu hizmetin karşılığı olarak vezir kendisine 100.000 dinar ile kıymetli bir hil‘at ve bir at hediye etmiştir (Hânsârî, V, 21-22). Nehcü’l-belaġa ’nın 200’den fazla şerhi içinde en güzeli ve en meşhuru olan eser, İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in görüş ve düşüncelerini ortaya koyması bakımından olduğu kadar tarihî ve edebî değeri yönünden de özel bir önem taşır. Moğol istilâsını yaşayan müellif eserde Moğollar’ın Mâverâünnehir, Horasan, Irak ve diğer yerleri zaptetmeleri ve Bağdat’a hücumlarıyla ilgili geniş açıklamalarda bulunmaktadır. Günümüze ulaşan ve ulaşmayan pek çok kitaptan faydalanıp yazılan şerhin kaynakları hakkında geniş bir araştırma yaparak el-ʿUẕeyḳu’n-naḍîd bi-meṣâdiri İbn Ebi’l-Ḥadîd (Bağdat 1407/1987) adıyla müstakil bir eser kaleme alan Ahmed er-Rebîî, İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in eserini 143 müellife ait 223 kaynaktan istifade ile meydana getirdiğini tesbit etmiştir. İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, Nehcü’l-belâġa ’nın tamamının veya bir kısmının Hz. Ali’ye ait olmadığını ileri sürenlere karşı çıkarak eserin bazı bölümlerinin Hz. Ali’ye, diğerlerinin ise başkasına ait olmasının düşünülemeyeceğini, çünkü eserin Şiî olmayan muhaddisler ve tarihçiler tarafından da Hz. Ali’ye nisbetle tevâtüren nakledildiğini söyler (Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa , X, 128-129). Eserde Şiî temayüller ağır basmakla birlikte imâmetle ilgili tarihî meseleler hakkında Şîa’nın görüşlerine ters düşen bazı yaklaşımlar da vardır. Meselâ müellif, Hz. Peygamber’in Hz. Ali’nin hilâfeti konusunda kesin bir tavır ortaya koyduğunu kabul etmez (a.g.e. , II, 59). Bu tür fikirler bazı İmâmiyye âlimlerini bu kitaba reddiye yazmaya sevketmiştir. Cemâleddin Ahmed b. Tâvûs el-Hillî’nin er-Rûḥ , İbn Usfûr el-Bahrânî’nin Selâsilü’l-ḥadîd li-taḳyîdi İbn Ebi’l-Ḥadîd ve Ali b. Hasan el-Bilâdî el-Bahrânî’nin er-Red ʿalâ İbn Ebi’l-Ḥadîd adlı eserleri bu amaçla kaleme alınmıştır. Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa , Zeydî âlimlerinden Fahreddin Abdullah el-Hâdî tarafından el-ʿİḳdü’n-naḍîd adıyla ihtisar edilmiş, bu muhtasar Farsça’ya da çevrilmiştir (Brockelmann, GAL Suppl. , I, 705; II, 242). Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa ’nın Tebriz (1267, 1285), Tahran (I-II, 1271, 1302), Bombay (1304), Meşhed (1310), Kahire (I-II, 1290, 1327, 1328 [Muhammed Nâil el-Mersafî’nin hâşiyeleriyle], I-IV, 1329, 1330-1331; I-XX, nşr. Muhammed Ebü’l-Fazl İbrâhim, 1378-1380, 1385-1387) ve Beyrut’ta (I-V, nşr. Hasan Temîm, 1963-1965; I-IV, 1397/1976, 1403/1983) yapılmış birçok baskısı bulunmaktadır. Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa bünyesinde Ahmed b. Hanbel’in Kitâbü Feżâʾili ʿAlî ’si de yer alır (IX, 167, 169, 171-174).
2. Tetimmetü Nehci’l-belâġa . Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa ’nın Muhammed Ebü’l-Fazl İbrâhim tarafından yapılan neşrinin sonunda (XX. cüz) yayımlanmıştır.
3. el-Felekü’d-dâʾir ʿale’l-Mes̱eli’s-sâʾir . Eyyûbî Veziri Ziyâeddin İbnü’l-Esîr’in el-Mes̱elü’s-sâʾir fî edebi’l-kâtib ve’ş-şâʿir adlı eserinin tenkididir. İbnü’l-Esîr henüz hayatta iken eserinin bir nüshası İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in eline geçmiş, vezirin kendisini öven ve eski âlimlerden eleştirmedik kimse bırakmayan tavrı karşısında dayanamayan İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, biraz da Eyyûbî-Abbâsî rekabetinin etkisiyle Abbâsî Halifesi el-Müstansır-Billâh için 633’te (1235) on beş gün içinde bu eseri kaleme almıştır. Belâgat ve edebî tenkit konusunda önemli kitaplardan biri olan el-Felekü’d-dâʾir , yazıldığı günden itibaren edebiyat ve ilim dünyasında geniş yankı uyandırmış ve yaklaşık bir asır boyunca ediplerin ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bunun sonucunda yazarı ve münekkidi savunan eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Ebü’l-Kāsım Mahmûd es-Sincârî’nin Neşrü’l-Mes̱eli’s-sâʾir ve ṭayyü’l-Feleki’d-dâʾir ’i, Safedî’nin Nuṣretü’s-sâʾir ʿale’l-Mes̱eli’s-sâʾir ’i, Abdülazîz b. Îsâ’nın Ḳaṭʿu’d-dâbîr ʿani’l-Feleki’d-dâʾir ’i ile anonim olarak kabul edilen Ṭayyü’l-Feleki’d-dâʾir ʿale’l-Mes̱eli’s-sâʾir bu tür eserlerdendir. el-Felekü’d-dâʾir 1309’da Hindistan’da ve 1984’te Riyad’da (nşr. Ahmed el-Havfî – Bedevî Tabâne) neşredilmiştir.
4. es-Sebʿu’l-ʿaleviyyât . İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in 611’de (1214) Medâin’de söylediği yedi uzun kasideden oluşan eser el-Ḳaṣâʾidü’s-sebʿu’l-ʿaleviyyât adıyla da anılır. Hz. Peygamber’e, Hz. Ali’ye, Hayber ve Mekke’nin fethine, Hz. Hüseyin’in şehid edilmesine ve Halife Nâsır-Lidînillâh’a dair bu kasidelerde en çok dikkati çeken husus Hz. Ali’nin de beşer üstü niteliklerle övülmesidir. Eser birçok defa basılmıştır (Bombay 1305, 1316; Kahire 1317; Beyrut 1374; nşr. Yûsuf el-Bikāî – Kabîsî Mustafa, Dımaşk 1406/1986). Bu kasideler İbn Hammâd el-Alevî, Takıyyüddin Muhammed b. Ebü’r-Rızâ el-Alevî, Radî el-Esterâbâdî, Mahfûz b. Veşşâh el-Hillî, Seyyid Muhammed el-Mübârek, Muhammed b. Abdullah el-Âmilî gibi âlimler tarafından şerhedilmiştir (a.g.e. , I, 497).
5. el-Ḳaṣâʾidü’l-Müstanṣıriyyât . 629-631 (1232-1234) yılları arasında nazmedilmiş, çoğu Müstansır-Billâh’ı öven on beş uzun kasideden oluşur (Bağdat 1338). Dîvânü’l-Müstanṣıriyyât adıyla da anılan eser, Müstansır-Billâh dönemine ait güvenilir bir tarihî malzeme niteliği taşıması açısından da önemlidir.
6. Kitâbü Naẓmi’l-Faṣîḥ . Kûfe mektebine mensup dil âlimi Ebü’l-Abbas Sa‘leb’in (ö. 291/904), yaygın dil hatalarının fasih kullanılışlarını toplayan el-Faṣîḥ adlı eserinin manzum hale getirilmiş şeklidir (nşr. Muhammed Bedevî el-Mahtûn, Mecelletü’l-Maʿhedi’l-maḫṭûṭât [1979], s. 61-167). İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in 785 beyitlik bu manzumeyi 643 (1245) yılında ve yirmi saatte kaleme aldığı kaydedilmektedir.
7. Şerḥu’l-Âyâti’l-beyyinât . Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin mantığa dair el-Âyâtü’l-beyyînat adlı risâlesinin şerhi olup metnin on katını aşan bir hacme sahiptir. Mantık ilminin bütün konularının ele alındığı eser Muhtâr Ceblî tarafından neşredilmiştir (Beyrut 1996).
8. Şerḥu Manẓûme (Elfiyye / urcûze) fî (uṣûli)’ṭ-ṭıb . İbn Sînâ’nın tıbba dair manzumesinin şerhidir (a.g.e. , I, 823).
İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd’in kaynaklarda adı geçen diğer eserleri de şunlardır: Naḳżü’l-Maḥṣûl fî uṣûli’l-fıḳh li’r-Râzî , Naḳżü’l-Muḥaṣṣal (fi’l-kelâm ve’l-felsefe) li’r-Râzî , Ziyâdâtü’n-Naḳżayn , el-ʿAbḳariyyü’l-ḥisân (fî baʿżı eşʿârihî ve resâʾilihî) , el-İʿtibâr ʿalâ Kitâbi’ẕ-Ẕerîʿa fî uṣûli’ş-şerîʿa li’s-Seyyid el-Murtażâ , Şerḥu müşkilâti Ġureri’l-edille fî ʿilmi (uṣûli)’l-kelâm li-Ebi’l-Ḥüseyn Muḥammed b. ʿAlî el-Baṣrî el-Muʿtezilî , Şerḥu’l-Yâḳūt fî ʿilmi’l-kelâm li-Ebî İsḥâḳ İbrâhîm İbn Nevbaḫt , el-Vişâḥu’ẕ-ẕehebî fi’l-ʿilmi’l-edebî , İntiḳādü’l-Müsṭaṣfâ fî uṣûli’l-fıḳh li’l-Ġazzâlî , Taʿlîḳāt ve ḥavâşî ʿale’l-Mufaṣṣal fi’n-naḥv li’z-Zemaḫşerî , Taḳrîrü’ṭ-ṭarîḳateyn fî uṣûli’l-kelâm , Maḳālâtü’ş-Şîʿa , Münâḳażâtü (Naḳżü)’s-Süfyâniyye li’l-Câḥiẓ , Telḫîṣu Naḳżi’s-Süfyâniyye li’l-Câḥiẓ , Ḥallü Seyfiyyâti’l-Mütenebbî , er-Resâʾilü’d-dîvâniyye (et-Tevḳīʿât) , Risâle fi’l-leẕẕe ve’l-elem ʿalâ meẕhebi’l-felâsife , Risâle fi’t-taʿziye .
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
İbn Ebü’l-Hadîd, Şerḥu Nehci’l-belâġa (nşr. M. Ebü’l-Fazl İbrâhim), Kahire 1385-87/1965-67, I-XX, tür.yer.
a.mlf., Şerḥu’l-Âyâti’l-beyyinât (nşr. Muhtâr Ceblî), Beyrut 1996, neşredenin girişi, s. 5-68.
a.mlf., el-Felekü’d-dâʾir ʿale’l-Mes̱eli’s-sâʾir (nşr. Ahmed el-Havfî – Bedevî Tabâne), Riyad 1404/1984, IV, 15-310.
İbn Hallikân, Vefeyât , V, 391 vd.
İbn Ebü’r-Rızâ el-Alevî, et-Tenbîhât ʿalâ meʿâni’s-sebʿi’l-ʿaleviyyât (nşr. Mahmûd Abbas el-Âmülî), Sayda 1340, s. 113.
Kütübî, Fevâtü’l-Vefeyât , II, 259.
Safedî, el-Vâfî , XVIII, 76-81.
İbn Kesîr, el-Bidâye , XIII, 213.
Hânsârî, Ravżâtü’l-cennât (nşr. Esedullah İsmâiliyyân), Kum 1390-92/1970-72, V, 20-28.
C. Zeydân, Âdâb , III, 42 vd.
Serkîs, Muʿcem , I, 29 vd.
Brockelmann, GAL , I, 335, 336; Suppl. , I, 497, 705, 823; II, 242.
Tebrîzî, Reyḥânetü’l-edeb , VII, 333-337.
Şevkī Dayf, Târîḫu’l-edeb , V, 378-381.
Ömer Ferruh, Târîḫu’l-edeb , III, 579-584.
Ahmed er-Rebîî, el-ʿUẕeyḳu’n-naḍîd bi-meṣâdiri İbn Ebi’l-Ḥadîd fî Şerḥi Nehci’l-belâġa , Bağdad 1407/1987, s. 43-102; ayrıca bk. tür.yer.
G. C. Anawati, “Textes arabes édités en Égypte au cours des années 1959 et 1960”, MIDEO , VI (1959-61), s. 232-235.
Safâ Hulûsî, “Meṣâdiru Şerḥi Nehci’l-belâġa”, MMİIr. , IX (1962), s. 340-348.
L. Veccia Vaglieri, “Ibn Abi’l-Ḥadīd”, EI2 (İng.) , III, 684-686.
W. Madelung, “Abd-al-Ḥamīd b. Abu’l-Ḥadīd”, EIr. , I, 108-110.
Muhammed Âsaf Fikret, “İbn Ebi’l-Ḥadîd”, DMBİ , II, 640-642.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1999 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 19. cildinde, 463-466 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.