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İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik’in Elfiyye’lerinin Mukayesesi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 19, 165 – 180, 30.06.2024
Şehmus Ülker
https://doi.org/10.52886/ilak.1452774
Öz Throughout history, Islamic scholars have developed facilitating methods for whom want to learn science. One of these methods is to write the basic rules of any branch of science in poetry. Therefore, al-Alfiyyas written in verse are works handled to facilitate education and training activities. Alfiyyas are poems and written in a poetic language and generally consist of a thousand couplets. Over time, many alfiyya types have been compiled in different branches of science. Among these, Ibn Mu’tī (d. 628/1231) and Ibn Mālik’s (d. 672/1274) Alfiyyas are works written in the field of Arabic language and litreture science. The works of Ibn Mu’ti and Ibn Mālik have an important place in teaching the Arabic language and have taken their place among the basic sources consulted. This study deals with Ibn Mu’tī’s work called al-Durra al-alfiyya and Ibn Mālik’s al-Alfiya. In this context, after giving brief information about the works and their authors, the Alfiyya of both schollars are discussed comparatively in terms of volume, content, method, subject classification and their approach to controversial issues between the grammar schools. In addition, this study aims to reveal the contributions of these works to Arabic grammar by way of their similarities and different aspects. When the Alfiyyas of Ibn Mu’tī and Ibn Mālik are examined in terms of form, it has been determined that Ibn Mu’tī’s Alfiyya is larger than Ibn Mālik’s al-Alfiyya in terms of the number of couplets. In terms of content, it has been determined that the subjects related to both alfiyya nahiv sciences are discussed concisely, and in the last parts of the works in question, sarph (Arabic morphology science) issues are also mentioned. However, as a result of the examinations, it has been determined that the two works differ from each other in some issues. Accordingly, some topics related to Arabic language grammar are included in one of the works in question but not in the other. Ibn Mālik, who was influenced by Ibn Mu’ti’s, benefited from this work in many subjects while compiling his al- Alfiyya and successfully presented a new form of alfiyye. Therefore, although Ibn Mālik handled his al-alfiyya independently, he actually largely followed the method put forward by Ibn Mu’ti in his alfiyya. Since Ibn Mu’ti and Ibn Mālik discussed Arabic grammar in a short and concise way in their alfiyya, they haven’t included the names of the Arabic language grammar schools much while touching on controversial issues in their works. However, it was also found that they mentioned the names of some of these schools in their al-Alfiyya. In summary, it can be said since Ibn Mālik was influenced by Ibn Mu’ti’s Alfiyya during the writing phase of his work, there are some similarities between both Works. However, as revealed in this study, there are many differences between these works. Thus, it is understood Ibn Mālik’s al-Alfiyya, which was compiled in the field of Arabic language grammar, was not influenced by Ibn Mu’ti’s Alfiyya in all its aspects.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arabic Language, Ibn Mu‘tī, al-Durratu’l-alfiyyah, Ibn Mālik, al-Alfiyyah
Kaynakça Bahşi, Turan. İbn Mâlik ve Nahiv İlmi Açısından el-Elfiyye Adlı Eseri. Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2014. Dayf, Şevkî. el-Medârisu’n-nahviyye. Kahire: Dâru’l-Me‘ârif, 7. Basım, ts. Demir, İsmail. “İbn Mu’tî, Eserleri ve Nahv’e Getirdiği Yenilikler”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17 (2002), 193-216. Demirayak, Kenan. Arap-İslam Edebiyatı Literatür Bilgisi. İstanbul: Cantaş Yayınları, 2016. Erikçi, Muhammed Seyfeddin. İbn Mu’tî (ö.628/1231) ve Nahiv İlmi Açısından ed-Durretu’l-Elfiyye Adlı Eseri. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2018. Habeşî, Abdullah Muhammed. Câmi’u’ş-şurûh ve’l-havâşî/Mu’cemun şâmilun li esmâi’l-kütübi’l-meşrûha fi’t-türâsi’l-İslâmî ve beyânü şürûhiha. 3 Cilt. Ebu Dabî: el-Mecme‘s-Sekafî, 2004. İbn Mâlik, Cemâluddîn, Muhammed b. ‘Abdillah b. ‘Abdillah. Şerhu’t-teshîl. thk. Muhammed Abdulkadir Âta ve Târık Fethî es-Seyyid. 3 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-‘İlmiyye, 2009. İbn Mâlik, Cemâluddîn Muhammed b. Abdillah. Elfiyyetu İbn Mâlik. İstanbul: Siraç Yayınevi, 2023. İbn Mu‘tî, Yahyâ b. Abdilmu‘tî b. Abdinnûr ez-Zevâvî el-Mağribî. ed-Dürretü’l-elfiyye, Kahire: Dâru’l-Fedîle, 2010. İsnevî, Abdurrahim (Cemaluddin). Tabakâtuş-şafi‘iyye. 2 Cilt. thk. Kemâl Yûsuf el-Hût. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-‘İlmiyye, 1987. Kâtip Çelebî, Mustafa b. Abdullah Hâci Halife. Keşfu’z-zunûn ‘an esâmi’l-kütüb ve’l-fünûn. 2 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru İhyâi’t-Türâsi’l-‘Arabi, ts. Kılıç, Hulusi. “Sarf”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/136-137. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009. Kureydî, Abdülâlim. Elfiyyâtü’n-nahvi’s-selas. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1971. Mevsilî, Abdu’l-Aziz b. Cuma. Şerhu Elfiyyeti İbn Mu‘tî. thk. Ali Musa eş-Şûmelî. 2 Cilt. Riyad: Mektebetu’l-Herîcî, 1985. Müberred, Ebu’l-Abbâs Muhammed b. Yezîd b. Abdilekber. el-Muktedâb. thk. Muhammed Abdulhalık ‘Azîme. Beyrut: ‘Âlemu’l-Kutub, ts. Safedî, Selahuddîn Halil b. Aybeg. el-Vâfî bi’l-vefeyât. 29 Cilt. thk. Ahmet el-Arnaût – Turkî Mustafa. Beyrut: Dâru İhyâi’t-Turâsi’l-Arabî, 2000. Sîbeveyh, Ebû Bişr ‘Amr b. ‘Osmân b. Kanber, el-Kitab. thk. Abdusselâm Muhammed Hârûn. 5 Cilt. Kahire: Mektebetu’l- Hancî, 4. Basım, 2004. Suyûtî, Ebu’l-Fazl Celâlüddîn Abdurrahmân b. Ebî Bekr b. Muhammed. Buğyetü’l-vu‘ât fî tabâkâti’l-luğaviyyîn ve’n-nühât. thk. Muhammed Abdurrahîm. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Fikr, 2005. Tantâvî, Muhammed. Neş’etu’n-nahv ve târîhu eşheri’n-nuhât. Kahire: Dâru’l-Me‘arif, 2. Basım, ts. Topuzoğlu, Tevfik Rüştü. “Recez”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 34/509-510. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2007. Topuzoğlu, Tevfik Rüştü. “Serî‘”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/562. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009. Turan, Abdülbaki. “Elfiyye”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/27-28. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1995. Turan, Abdülbaki. “İbn Mâlik”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 20/169-171. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1999. Ülker, Şehmus. İbn Akîl ve Elfiyye Şerhi. ed. Emin Cengiz. Ankara: İlâhiyât Yayınları, 2021. Yanık, Nevzat H. “İbn Mu‘tî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 20/213-214. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1999. Yediyıldız, Fatih. “Arap Gramerine Dair Yazılmış Elfiyeler ve Arap Gramerine Etkileri”. İslam Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 (2020), 5-23. Yediyıldız, Fatih. Arapça Öğretiminde Nazım Geleneği ve İbn Mu‘ti’nin Elfiyye’si. Samsun: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2020. Zemahşerî, Ebul Kasım Carullah Mahmud b. Ömer. el-Mufassal fî san‘âti’l î‘rab. thk. Îmîl Bedî’ Ya’kub. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1999. Ziriklî, Hayruddîn. el-A’lâm. 8 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru'l-‘İlm lil-Melâyîn, 15. Basım. 2002.
İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik’in Elfiyye’lerinin Mukayesesi Yıl 2024, Sayı: 19, 165 – 180, 30.06.2024
Şehmus Ülker
https://doi.org/10.52886/ilak.1452774
Öz Tarihi süreçte İslâm âlimleri, ilim öğrenmek isteyenler için, kolaylaştırıcı yöntemler geliştirmişlerdir. Bu yöntemlerden biri de herhangi bir ilim dalıyla ilgili temel kuralların manzum şeklinde yazılmasıdır. Dolayısıyla manzum olarak telif edilen elfiyyeler eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetini kolaylaştırma amacıyla yazılmış eserlerdir. Elfiyyeler; özlü bilgiler ihtiva eden, şiirsel bir dille yazılan ve genellikle bin beyitten oluşan manzumelerdir. Zamanla değişik ilim dallarında birçok elfiyye türü eser telif edilmiştir. Bunlardan İbn Mu‘tî (ö. 628/1231) ve İbn Mâlik’in (ö. 672/1274) Elfiyye’leri Arap dili alanında kaleme alınan eserlerdir. İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik’in söz konusu eserleri Arap dilinin öğretiminde önemli bir yere sahip olmuş ve başvurulan temel kaynaklar arasında yerlerini almışlardır. Bu çalışma, İbn Mu‘tî’nin ed-Dürretü’l-Elfiyye adlı eseri ile İbn Mâlik’in el-Elfiyye’sini konu edinmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu eserler ve müellifleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik’in Elfiyye’leri hacim, muhteva, yöntem, konu tasnifi ve nahiv ekolleri arasındaki ihtilaflı konulara yaklaşımları açısından mukayeseli bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra bu çalışma, söz konusu eserlerin Arap gramerine olan katkılarını, benzer ve farklı yönlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma konusu olan İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik’in Elfiyye’lerine şekil açısından bakıldığında İbn Mu‘tî’nin Elfiyye’sinin beyit sayısı itibariyle İbn Mâlik’in el-Elfiyye’sinden daha geniş olduğu görülmektedir. Muhteva açısından ise her iki elfiyye nahiv ilmine dair konuların veciz bir şekilde ele alındığı, ayrıca söz konusu eserlerin son kısımlarında sarf konularına da değinildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak yapılan incelemeler neticesinde çalışmaya konu olan her iki eserin kimi konularda birbirinden farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre Arap dili grameriyle ilgili bazı konular söz konusu eserlerin birinde yer alırken diğerinde yer almamıştır. İbn Mu‘tî’nin Elfiyye’sinden etkilenen İbn Mâlik, el-Elfiyye’sini telif ederken birçok konuda bu eserden yararlanmış ve elfiyyenin yeni bir şeklini başarılı bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Dolayısıyla İbn Mâlik, her ne kadar el-Elfiyye’sini müstakil bir şekilde ele almış olsa da aslında İbn Mu‘tî’nin Elfiyyesi’nde ortaya koyduğu yöntemi büyük ölçüde takip etmiştir. İbn Mu‘tî ve İbn Mâlik, Elfiyye’lerinde Arap gramerini kısa ve özlü bir şekilde ele aldıklarından, söz konusu eserlerinde, ihtilaflı konulara değinirlerken Arap dili nahiv ekollerinin isimlerine fazla yer vermemişlerdir. Ancak az da olsa Elfiyye’lerinde bu ekollerin bazılarının isimlerine değindikleri de tespit edilmiştir. Özetle denilebilir ki İbn Mâlik söz konusu eserinin telifi aşamasında İbn Mu‘tî’nin Elfiyye’sinden etkilendiği için her iki eser arasında bazı benzerlikler bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu çalışmada ortaya konulduğu üzere bu eserler arasında birçok farklılıklar da vardır. Böylece Arap dili grameri alanında telif edilen İbn Mâlik’in el-Elfiyye’sinin tüm yönleriyle İbn Mu‘tî’nin Elfiyye’sinden etkilenmediği anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arap Dili, İbn Mu‘tî, ed-Dürretü’l-elfiyye, İbn Mâlik, el-Elfiyye.
Kaynakça Bahşi, Turan. İbn Mâlik ve Nahiv İlmi Açısından el-Elfiyye Adlı Eseri. Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2014. Dayf, Şevkî. el-Medârisu’n-nahviyye. Kahire: Dâru’l-Me‘ârif, 7. Basım, ts. Demir, İsmail. “İbn Mu’tî, Eserleri ve Nahv’e Getirdiği Yenilikler”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17 (2002), 193-216. Demirayak, Kenan. Arap-İslam Edebiyatı Literatür Bilgisi. İstanbul: Cantaş Yayınları, 2016. Erikçi, Muhammed Seyfeddin. İbn Mu’tî (ö.628/1231) ve Nahiv İlmi Açısından ed-Durretu’l-Elfiyye Adlı Eseri. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2018. Habeşî, Abdullah Muhammed. Câmi’u’ş-şurûh ve’l-havâşî/Mu’cemun şâmilun li esmâi’l-kütübi’l-meşrûha fi’t-türâsi’l-İslâmî ve beyânü şürûhiha. 3 Cilt. Ebu Dabî: el-Mecme‘s-Sekafî, 2004. İbn Mâlik, Cemâluddîn, Muhammed b. ‘Abdillah b. ‘Abdillah. Şerhu’t-teshîl. thk. Muhammed Abdulkadir Âta ve Târık Fethî es-Seyyid. 3 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-‘İlmiyye, 2009. İbn Mâlik, Cemâluddîn Muhammed b. Abdillah. Elfiyyetu İbn Mâlik. İstanbul: Siraç Yayınevi, 2023. İbn Mu‘tî, Yahyâ b. Abdilmu‘tî b. Abdinnûr ez-Zevâvî el-Mağribî. ed-Dürretü’l-elfiyye, Kahire: Dâru’l-Fedîle, 2010. İsnevî, Abdurrahim (Cemaluddin). Tabakâtuş-şafi‘iyye. 2 Cilt. thk. Kemâl Yûsuf el-Hût. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-‘İlmiyye, 1987. Kâtip Çelebî, Mustafa b. Abdullah Hâci Halife. Keşfu’z-zunûn ‘an esâmi’l-kütüb ve’l-fünûn. 2 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru İhyâi’t-Türâsi’l-‘Arabi, ts. Kılıç, Hulusi. “Sarf”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/136-137. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009. Kureydî, Abdülâlim. Elfiyyâtü’n-nahvi’s-selas. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1971. Mevsilî, Abdu’l-Aziz b. Cuma. Şerhu Elfiyyeti İbn Mu‘tî. thk. Ali Musa eş-Şûmelî. 2 Cilt. Riyad: Mektebetu’l-Herîcî, 1985. Müberred, Ebu’l-Abbâs Muhammed b. Yezîd b. Abdilekber. el-Muktedâb. thk. Muhammed Abdulhalık ‘Azîme. Beyrut: ‘Âlemu’l-Kutub, ts. Safedî, Selahuddîn Halil b. Aybeg. el-Vâfî bi’l-vefeyât. 29 Cilt. thk. Ahmet el-Arnaût – Turkî Mustafa. Beyrut: Dâru İhyâi’t-Turâsi’l-Arabî, 2000. Sîbeveyh, Ebû Bişr ‘Amr b. ‘Osmân b. Kanber, el-Kitab. thk. Abdusselâm Muhammed Hârûn. 5 Cilt. Kahire: Mektebetu’l- Hancî, 4. Basım, 2004. Suyûtî, Ebu’l-Fazl Celâlüddîn Abdurrahmân b. Ebî Bekr b. Muhammed. Buğyetü’l-vu‘ât fî tabâkâti’l-luğaviyyîn ve’n-nühât. thk. Muhammed Abdurrahîm. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Fikr, 2005. Tantâvî, Muhammed. Neş’etu’n-nahv ve târîhu eşheri’n-nuhât. Kahire: Dâru’l-Me‘arif, 2. Basım, ts. Topuzoğlu, Tevfik Rüştü. “Recez”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 34/509-510. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2007. Topuzoğlu, Tevfik Rüştü. “Serî‘”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/562. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009. Turan, Abdülbaki. “Elfiyye”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 11/27-28. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1995. Turan, Abdülbaki. “İbn Mâlik”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 20/169-171. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1999. Ülker, Şehmus. İbn Akîl ve Elfiyye Şerhi. ed. Emin Cengiz. Ankara: İlâhiyât Yayınları, 2021. Yanık, Nevzat H. “İbn Mu‘tî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 20/213-214. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1999. Yediyıldız, Fatih. “Arap Gramerine Dair Yazılmış Elfiyeler ve Arap Gramerine Etkileri”. İslam Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 (2020), 5-23. Yediyıldız, Fatih. Arapça Öğretiminde Nazım Geleneği ve İbn Mu‘ti’nin Elfiyye’si. Samsun: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2020. Zemahşerî, Ebul Kasım Carullah Mahmud b. Ömer. el-Mufassal fî san‘âti’l î‘rab. thk. Îmîl Bedî’ Ya’kub. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1999. Ziriklî, Hayruddîn. el-A’lâm. 8 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru'l-‘İlm lil-Melâyîn, 15. Basım. 2002. Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Arap Dili ve Belagatı Bölüm MAKALELER Yazarlar Şehmus Ülker ŞIRNAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0003-0296-1385 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 21 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 19
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Ülker, Şehmus. “İbn Mu‘tî Ve İbn Mâlik’in Elfiyye’lerinin Mukayesesi”. İlahiyat Akademi 19 (Haziran 2024), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.52886/ilak.1452774.
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