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İHSAN ABBAS Skip to content İhsân Reşîd Abdülkādir Abbâs (1920-2003)
Arap dili ve edebiyatı âlimi, tarihçi, eleştirmen ve yayımcı.
Filistin’de Hayfa şehrinin 25 km. güneyinde Ayn Gazâl köyünde doğdu. Babası Reşîd Abbas çiftçilikle uğraşıyordu. İhsan ilk öğrenimini köyünde, orta ve lise öğrenimini Hayfa ve Akkâ’da tamamladı. Hayfa’da okurken İstiklâl Camii’nde hutbelerini dinlediği Filistin Bağımsızlık Hareketi liderlerinden İzzeddin el-Kassâm’ı tanıma fırsatı buldu, daha sonraları Hizbü’t-tahrîr’i kuran Takıyyüddin en-Nebhânî’nin de öğrencisi oldu. Yüksek öğrenimini 1937-1941 yıllarında Kudüs’te Arap Dili Fakültesi’nde (el-Külliyetü’l-Arabiyye) yaptı. Ardından Filistin’de Safed Lisesi’nde beş yıl süreyle öğretmenlik görevinde bulundu. Kendisi gibi ileride adını duyuracak olan Nâsırüddin el-Esed, Muhammed Yûsuf Necm, Velîd Arafât ve diğer bazı edebiyatçılarla burada tanıştı. Daha sonra Kahire’ye giderek I. Fuâd Üniversitesi (Kahire Üniversitesi) Edebiyat Fakültesi’nde okudu (1946-1950). Safed 1948’de İsrail tarafından işgal edilince memleketine dönemedi. Aile fertleri de Irak, Ürdün, Suriye ve Lübnan’a dağılarak muhacir hayatı yaşadılar. 1951’de Sudan Hartum Üniversitesi’nde öğretim üyesi olarak çalışmaya başladı, Arap edebiyatı, İslâm tarihi ve fıkıh derslerini okuttu. Bu arada Kahire Üniversitesi’nde Ḥayâtü’l-edebi’l-ʿArabî fî Ṣıḳılliyye adlı çalışmayla yüksek lisans diploması aldı (1952), iki yıl sonra da Nezʿatü’z-zühd ve es̱erühâ fi’l-edebi’l-Ümevî adlı teziyle doktorasını tamamladı. 1961’de Beyrut Amerikan Üniversitesi’nde öğretim üyesi oldu. 1975-1977 yılları arasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde misafir hoca sıfatıyla ders verdi. 1986’da üniversitede hocalık yapmak üzere gittiği Ürdün’de hayatının sonuna kadar kaldı ve 29 Temmuz 2003 tarihinde Amman’da vefat etti.
Ürdün, Suriye, Irak, Mısır Arap dili akademileri ile Ma‘hedü’l-mahtûtâti’l-Arabiyye (Küveyt), Indian Academy of Sciences, Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura gibi ilmî kuruluşlara üye olan İhsan Abbas 1980 yılında Lübnan hükümeti birinci dereceden altın maarif nişanı ve Suudi Arabistan Melik Faysal uluslararası Arap edebiyatı ödülüne lâyık görüldü.
İhsan Abbas’ın yüze yakın eseri genellikle gurbet, yenilik, eleştiri ve edebî tenkit konularını kapsamaktadır. Şiir, hikâye, tiyatro, edebiyat tarihi ve edebiyat eleştirisi alanlarındaki eserlerin yanı sıra çok sayıda ansiklopedik eserin neşrini gerçekleştirmiş, bir eleştirmen ve araştırmacı olarak metinleri tahlil ederken metin içindeki bilgileri gerçek hayatla karşılaştırmıştır. Bu özelliği, eski ve yeni Arap kültür ve edebiyatı yanında Batı şiir geleneğinin nazariyat yönünü bilmesi, ayrıca İngiliz dili ve kültürüne vâkıf olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. İhsan Abbas metin incelemelerinde tek bir yöntem izlemek yerine, bazı çalışmalarında ruh-beden ilişkilerini açıklamada paralelliği esas alan Amerikan paralelizm metodunu kullanmıştır. Bir kısım eserlerinde ise Fransız tarihsel metodunu, hatta bir kısım kitaplarında her iki yöntemi birleştirdiği görülmektedir. Çalışmalarında aslî kaynaklarla ikinci derecede kaynakları birbirinden ayırt eden İhsan Abbas kaynaklar arasında öncelik ve sonralık sıralaması yapmış, şiir metinlerinin incelenmesi ve eleştirisinde benzerliklere dikkat çekmiş, metinler arasında mukayese yaparken kültürler arası tahlillere girmiştir. Fennü’ş-şiʿr adlı kitabında yabancılarla etkileşim olgusuna değinirken klasik Batı ve Arap romantizmini karşılaştırmıştır. İhsan Abbas’ın 8000 civarında seçme kitap ihtiva eden özel kütüphanesi Riyad’daki Melik Fehd Millî Kütüphanesi’ne intikal etmiştir.
Eserleri. Telif: Fennü’ş-şiʿr (Beyrut 1953, 1955, 1975); el-Ḥasenü’l-Baṣrî (Kahire 1952); Fennü’s-sîre (Beyrut 1956, otobiyografi yazma tekniğine dairdir); Ebû Ḥayyân et-Tevḥîdî (Beyrut 1956; Hartum 1980); ʿAbdülvehhâb el-Beyâtî ve’ş-şiʿru’l-ʿIrâḳıyyü’l-ḥadîs̱ (Beyrut 1955); eş-Şiʿrü’l-ʿArabî fi’l-Mehceri’l-Emrîkî (Muhammed Yûsuf Necm ile birlikte, Beyrut 1957, 1967, 1982); eş-Şerîf er-Raḍî (Beyrut 1959); el-ʿArab fî Ṣıḳılliyye (Kahire 1959; Beyrut 1970, 1975); Târîḫu’l-edebi’l-Endelüsî (I, ʿAṣru siyâdeti Ḳurṭuba , Beyrut 1960, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1985; II, ʿAṣrü’ṭ-Ṭavâʾif ve’l-Murâbıṭîn , Beyrut 1962, 1969, 1971, 1974, 1978, 1985); Aḫbâr ve terâcim Endelüsiyye: Müstaḫrece min Muʿcemi’s-sefer li’s-Silefî (Beyrut 1963, 1967, 1399/1979, 1405/1985); Lîbiyyâ fî kütübi’t-târîḫ (M. Yûsuf Necm ile birlikte, Bingazi 1968); Lîbiyyâ fî kütübi’l-Coġrâfiyye ve’r-raḥalât (M. Yûsuf Necm ile birlikte, Bingazi 1968); Meni’lleẕî sereḳa’n-nâr (Beyrut 1970, edebiyat ve tenkide dairdir); Şiʿrü’l-ḫavâric (Beyrut 1974; Dîvânü şiʿri’l-ḫavârîc adıyla, Beyrut 1981, 1982); Târîḫu’n-naḳdi’l-edebî ʿinde’l-ʿArab (Beyrut 1971, 1978, 1983; Amman 1986); Proceeding of Second Symposium of the History of Blad al-Sham (Muhammed Adnân Bahît ile birlikte, I-II, Beyrut 1987); el-Vezîrü’l-Maġribî Ebü’l-Ḳāsım el-Ḥüseyn b. ʿAlî (Amman 1988); ʿAbdülḥamîd b. Yaḥyâ el-Kâtib (Amman 1988); Bedr Şâkir es-Seyyâb: Dirâse fî ḥayâtihî ve şiʿrih (Beyrut 1992); Melâmiḥ Yûnâniyye fi’l-edebi’l-ʿArabî (Beyrut 1978, 1993); Muʿcemü’l-ʿulemâʾ ve’ş-şuʿarâʾi’ṣ-Ṣıḳılliyyîn (Beyrut 1994); İtticâhâtü’ş-şiʿri’l-ʿArabiyyi’l-muʿâṣır (Küveyt 1978; Beyrut 1998); ʿAbdülʿazîz ed-Dûrî: İnsânen ve müʾerriḫan ve müfekkiran (ortak, Amman 2000); Buḥûs̱ ve dirâsât fi’l-edeb ve’t-târîḫ (I-II, Beyrut 2000); Muḥâvelât fi’n-naḳdi ve’d-dirâsâti’l-edebiyye (I-III, Beyrut 2000).
Neşir: Ebü’l-Alâ el-Maarrî, Risâle fi’t-taʿziye (Kahire, ts.; Beyrut 1950); İmâdüddin el-İsfahânî, Ḫarîdetü’l-ḳaṣr ve cerîdetü’l-ʿaṣr (I-II, XIV ve XV. ciltler, Ahmed Emîn ve Şevkī Dayf ile birlikte, Kahire 1951-1952, IV. kısmın Mısır şairleriyle ilgili bölümünün neşridir); Resâʾilü İbn Ḥazm el-Endelüsî (Kahire 1954, 1956); Resâʾilü İbn Ḥazm el-Endelüsî (I-IV, Nâsırüddin el-Esed ile birlikte, Kahire 1955, 1956, 1959, 1980-1983, 1987, içinde Cevâmiʿu’s-sîre, Ṭavḳu’l-ḥamâme, Müdâvâtü’n-nüfûs ve et-Taḳrîb li-ḥaddi’l-manṭıḳ gibi eserler de yer almaktadır); İbn Sa‘d, eṭ-Ṭabaḳātü’l-kübrâ (I-IX, Beyrut 1957-1968); Ebû Ubeyd el-Bekrî, Faṣlü’l-maḳāl fî şerḥi Kitâbi’l-Ems̱âl (Abdülmecîd Âbidîn ile birlikte, Hartum 1958; Beyrut 1971); İbn Hamdîs es-Sıkıllî, Dîvân (Beyrut 1960); Muhammed b. Gālib er-Rusâfî el-Belensî, Dîvân (Beyrut 1960); Şerḥu Dîvâni Lebîd (Küveyt 1962, 1984); Ebü’l-Abbas A‘mâ et-Tutîlî, Dîvân (Beyrut 1963); Lisânüddin İbnü’l-Hatîb, el-Ketîbetü’l-kâmine fî-men leḳīnâhü bi’l-Endelüs min şuʿarâʾi’l-miʾeti’s̱-s̱âmine (Beyrut 1963, 1983); İbn Abdülmelik el-Merrâküşî, eẕ-Ẕeyl ve’t-tekmile li-Kitâbeyi’l-Mevṣûl ve’ṣ-Ṣıla (IV. cüzden bir parça, Beyrut 1964; VI. cüz, Beyrut 1973); İbnü’l-Kettânî et-Tabîb, et-Teşbîhât min eşʿâri ehli’l-Endelüs (Beyrut 1966, 1981); Makkarî, Nefḥu’ṭ-ṭîb min ġuṣni’l-Endelüsi’r-raṭîb (I-VIII, Beyrut 1968, 1997); İbn Hallikân, Vefeyâtü’l-aʿyân (I-VIII, Beyrut 1968-1972); Safedî, el-Vâfî bi’l-Vefeyât (VII. cilt, Wiesbaden 1969); ʿAhd-i Erdeşîrî (İbnü’t-Tıktakā’nın el-Faḫrî fi’l-âdâbi’s-sulṭâniyye ve’d-düveli’l-İslâmiyye ’sinden alınıp neşredilmiştir, Beyrut, ts. [Dâru Sâdır], Farsça trc. Muhammed Ali Şüsterî, Tahran 1348 hş./1969-1970); Ebû İshak eş-Şîrâzî, Ṭabaḳātü’l-fuḳahâʾ (Beyrut 1970, 1981); Dîvânü küs̱eyyiri ʿAzze (Beyrut 1971; Amman 2001); İbn Şâkir el-Kütübî, Fevâtü’l-Vefeyât (I-V, Beyrut 1973-1974); el-Aʿmâlü’ş-şiʿriyye li-Kemâl Nâṣır (Beyrut 1974); İbrâhim Tûkān, Dîvân (Beyrut 1975); İbn Abdülmün‘im el-Himyerî, er-Ravżü’l-miʿṭâr fî ḫaberi’l-aḳṭâr (Beyrut 1975); İbn Bessâm eş-Şenterînî, eẕ-Ẕaḫîre fî meḥâsini ehli’l-cezîre (I-IV, Beyrut 1979; Tunus 1981); Belâzürî, Ensâbü’l-eşrâf (I-II, Beyrut 1400/1979); Tîfâşî, Sürûrü’n-nefs bi-medâriki’l-ḥavâssi’l-ḫams (Beyrut 1980); Mufaddal ed-Dabbî, Ems̱âlü’l-ʿArab (Beyrut 1980, 1401/1981); Ebü’l-Alâ el-Maarrî, Resâʾilü Ebi’l-ʿAlâ el-Maʿarrî (Beyrut 1402/1982); Muhammed Abdülhay el-Kettânî, Fihrisü’l-fehâris (I-III, Beyrut 1402/1982); İbn Hamdûn, et-Teẕkiretü’l-Ḥamdûniyye (Bekir Abbas ile birlikte, I-II, Beyrut 1983-1984; I-X, Beyrut 1996); Abdurrahman el-Beledî, el-Kâfî fî Beyẕere (Abdülhafîz Mansûr ile birlikte, Beyrut 1983); Huzâî, Taḫrîcü’d-Delâlâti’s-semʿiyye (Beyrut 1985, 1993); Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî, Mirʾâtü’z-zamân (Kahire-Beyrut 1985); İbnü’l-Ebbâr, Tuḥfetü’l-ḳādim (Beyrut 1986); Muâfâ en-Nehrevânî, el-Celîsü’ṣ-ṣâliḥu’l-kâfî ve’l-enîsü’n-nâṣıḥu’ş-şâfî (III. cilt, Beyrut 1407/1987; I-IV, Beyrut 1413/1993); Şeẕerât min kütübin mefḳūde fi’t-târîḫ (Beyrut 1408/1988, derleme ve neşri İhsan Abbas tarafından yapılmıştır); İbnü’l-Adîm, Buġyetü’ṭ-ṭaleb ’in bir bölümü (Beyrut 1988); Kattâl el-Kilâbî, Dîvân (Bağdat 1961; Beyrut 1989); İbn Şâkir el-Kütübî, ʿUyûnü’t-tevârîḫ (Beyrut 1416/1996); Ebü’l-Ferec el-İsfahânî, Kitâbü’l-Eġānî (I-XXV, İbrâhim es-Seâfin – Bekir Abbas ile birlikte, Beyrut 2008).
Tercüme: Aristo, Fennü’ş-şiʿr (Kahire 1950); Herman Melville, Moby Dick (Beyrut 1956); Stanley E. Hyman, en-Naḳdü’l-edebî ve medârisühü’l-ḥadîs̱e (I-II, M. Yûsuf Necm ile birlikte, Beyrut 1958-1960); Gustave Edmund von Grunebaum, Dirâsât fi’l-edebi’l-ʿArabî (Kemâl el-Yâzicî – Enîs Ferîha – M. Yûsuf Necm ile birlikte, Beyrut 1959); Charles Baker, Ernest Hemingway (Beyrut 1961); Ernest Kasirer, Felsefetü’l-ḥaḍâre evi’l-maḳāl fi’l-insân (Beyrut 1961); George Antonius, Yaḳaẓatü’l-ʿArab: Ḥareketü’l-ḳavmiyye (Nâsırüddin el-Esed ile birlikte, Beyrut 1962, 1982); Sir Hamilton Gibb, Dirâsât fî ḥaḍâreti’l-İslâm (M. Yûsuf Necm – Muhammed Zâyid ile birlikte, Beyrut 1964); Thomas Stearns Eliot, el-Hâvûn (tiyatro eseri, Beyrut 1965); Raif Khuri, Modern Arab Thought: Channels of the French Revolution to the Arab East (Princeton 1985, Charles Philip Issawi’nin editörlüğünde Arapça’dan İngilizce’ye çevrilmiştir).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA :
İhsan Abbas, Meni’lleẕî seraḳa’n-nâr: Ḫaṭarât fi’n-naḳd ve’l-edeb (der. Vedâd el-Kādî), Beyrut 1970, s. 13-18; M. Ömer Hamâde, Aʿlâmü Filisṭîn , Dımaşk 1985, s. 110-119; Fî Miḥrâbi’l-maʿrife: Dirâsât mühdât ilâ İḥsân ʿAbbâs (nşr. İbrâhim es-Seâfîn), Beyrut 1997; Yûsuf Bekkâr, “İḥsân ʿAbbâs ve taḥḳīḳu’ş-şiʿr”, İḥsân ʿAbbâs nâḳıden ve muḥaḳḳıḳan ve müʾerriḫan (nşr. Gassân İsmâil Abdülhâlık), Amman 1998, s. 161-207; M. İbrâhim Havar, “İḥsân ʿAbbâs ve taḥḳīḳu’n-nes̱r”, a.e. , s. 208-237; Abdullah el-Cübûrî, “İḥsân ʿAbbâs”, Mevsûʿatü Beyti’l-ḥikme li-aʿlâmi’l-ʿArab fi’l-ḳarneyni’t-tâsiʿ ʿaşer ve’l-ʿişrîn , Bağdad 1420/2000, I, 31-32; Edîb İzzet v.dğr., Terâcimü aʿżâʾi ittiḥâdi’l-küttâbi’l-ʿArab fî Sûriyye ve’l-vaṭani’l-ʿArabî , Dımaşk 2000, s. 740-743; Halîl Ahmed Halîl, Mevsûʿatü aʿlâmi’l-ʿArabi’l-mübdiʿîn fi’l-ḳarni’l-ʿişrîn , Beyrut 2001, II, 731-735; Mîcân er-Ruveylî, Delîlü’n-nâḳıdi’l-edebî , Beyrut 2002, s. 32; M. Hayr Ramazan Yûsuf, Muʿcemü’l-müʾellifîne’l-muʿâṣırîn: Vefeyât 1315-1424 (1897-2003) , Riyad 1425/2004, I, 45; ʿAmîdü’l-muḥaḳḳıḳīne’l-ʿArab ve âḫirü’l-mevsûʿiyyîn el-ḳındîlü’l-muḍîʾ Dr. İḥsân ʿAbbâs (nşr. Hüseyin Ömer Hamâde), Dımaşk 2007; Vedâd el-Kādî, “İḥsân ʿAbbâs ʿâlimün mevsûʿî min Filisṭîn”, Mecelletü’l-Bâḥis̱ , XXIV, Beyrut 1982, s. 243-257; a.mlf., “In Memoriam Ihsan Abbas, 1920-2003”, al-ʿUṣûr al-Wusṭâ , XV/2, Chicago 2003, s. 32-34; a.mlf., “Ihṣān ʿAbbās”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam Three , Leiden 2010, fas. 2, s. 10-12; İsâm Muhammed eş-Şantî, “İḥsân ʿAbbâs”, MMMA (Kahire), XLIX/1-2 (1426/2005), s. 145-146; Lawrence I. Conrad, “Ihsan Abbas: Custodian of Arabic Heritage and Culture”, al-Qantara , XXVI/1, Madrid 2005, s. 6-17; Muhammed el-Hâdî b. Tâhir el-Matvî, “ʿAbbâs, İḥsân b. Reşîd”, Mv.AU , XX, 449-475.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2016 yılında İstanbul’da basılan (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım) EK-1. cildinde, 627-629 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.