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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: TEACHER PERCEPTIONS, PRACTICES, CHALLENGES AND NEEDS Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 487 – 506, 30.06.2024
Fatma Balık , Ozkan Ozgun
https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1479155
Öz Bu fenomenolojik çalışma okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kaynaştırma eğitimine ilişkin algılarını, sınıf uygulamalarını ve eğitim ihtiyaçlarını incelemektedir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar, ölçüt örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiş ve Diyarbakır’daki resmi anaokullarında görev yapan 15 öğretmenden oluşmuş ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kapsayıcı eğitim konusunda genel bir algıya sahip olduklarını ancak içerik alanlarında özgül bilgiden yoksun olduklarını göstermiştir. Öğretmenler, kapsayıcı eğitimin öncelikli olarak çocukların bireysel farklılıklarına, gelişimsel özelliklerine ve kültürel çeşitliliğe odaklanması gerektiğine inanmaktadırlar. Kapsayıcı eğitim uygulamalarında, materyal eksikliği, sınıfların kalabalık olması, ailelerin engelleyici bakış açısı ve yetersiz destek ile kendi mesleki yetersizlikleriyle sınırlı deneyimleri dahil olmak üzere birçok zorluk ortaya çıkmıştır. Kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin genel eğitim politikalarındaki eksiklikler de vurgulanmıştır. Öğretmenler karşılaştıkları zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için sıklıkla çocukların ailelerinden veya okul rehberlik servislerinden destek almayı öncelemektedirler. Ayrıca katılımcılar, kapsayıcı eğitim etkinliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması, etkinliklerin çocukların çeşitli özelliklerine göre uyarlanması ve özel gereksinimi olan çocukların öğrenmeye aktif olarak katılması konusunda uygulamaya dönük somut eğitim ihtiyacının altını çizmişlerdir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, uygulamaya ve sonraki araştırmalara yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Kapsayıcı eğitim, Okul öncesi öğretmenleri, Kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin bilgiler, Kapsayıcı eğitim uygulamaları, Öğretmenlerin mesleki ihtiyaçları
Etik Beyan Makale yazarları, her hangi bir çıkar çatışması ya da etik ihlal olmadığını beyan etmektedir.
Teşekkür Yazarlar olarak, bu araştırmanın gerçekleşmesinde katkısı olan tüm öğretmenlere gösterdikleri iş birliği ve gönüllü katılımları için içtenlikle teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça Akbulut, F., Yılmaz, N. Karakoç, A., Erciyas, İ.M. & Akşin Yavuz, A. (2021). Öğretmen adayları kapsayıcı eğitim hakkında ne düşünüyor? Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 33-53. https://doi.org/10.37754/ 756554.2021. Akrim, M., & Harfiani, R. (2019). Daily learning flow of inclusive education for early childhood. Utopia Y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(6), 132-141. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=27962177014. Aydın Güngör, T., & Pehlivan, O. (2021). Kapsayıcı eğitimin Türk eğitim sistemindeki yeri ve önemi. Studies in Educational Research and Development, 5(1), 48-71. Bouillet, D. (2013). Some aspects of collaboration in inclusive education–teachers’ experiences. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 3(2), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.241. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage. Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Dağlıoğlu, H. E., Doğan, A. T., & Basit, O. (2017). Kapsayıcı okul öncesi eğitim ortamlarında öğretmenler çocukların bireysel yeteneklerini belirlemek ve geliştirmek için neler yapıyor? Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 883-910. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.335127. Daniela, L., & Lytras, M. D. (2019). Educational robotics for inclusive education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 24, 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-018-9397-5. Davis, P., & Florian, L. (2004). Teaching strategies and approaches for pupils with special educational needs. A scoping study [Research Report 516]. DfES. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/6059/1/RR516.pdf. De Boer, S., & Simpson, R. L. (2009). Successful inclusion for students with autism: Creating a complete, effective. ASD inclusion program. Jossey-Bass. Demirkol, M. (2023). Kapsayıcı eğitimde dezavantajlı gruplar. In Demirkol, M. & Batdı, V. (Eds.). Kapsayıcı öğretmen el kitabı. (pp. 85). Anı. Doğan, A., & Avcıoğlu, A. (2022). Kapsayıcı eğitimin yadsınamaz gerçeği: göçmen çocukların eğitim sorunlarının incelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 987-1015.https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1083492. Doğan, A., & Telli, E. Y. (2022). Öğretmenlerin kapsayıcı eğitime yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(3), 1146-1162.https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.1096805. Edmonds, W.A. & Kennedy, T.D. (2017). An applied guide to research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method. Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071802779. Erdoğan, A., Hoplamaz, F., Atmaca, G., & Kesik, A. (2022). Okul yöneticilerinin kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin görüşleri, yaşadıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: Nitel bir çalışma. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(10), 231-246.https://doi.org/10.56677/mkuefder.1206638. Eşici H., & Doğan, Y. (2020). Psikolojik danışman ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kapsayıcı eğitim günlükleri. Journal of Inclusive Education in Research and Practice, 1(2), 29-53. Flem, A., Moen, T., & Gudmundsdottir, S. (2004). Towards inclusive schools: A study of inclusive education in practice. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 19(1), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10885625032000167160. Florian, L. (2009). Preparing teachers to work in schools for all. Teachers and Teacher Education, 25(6), 533–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.02004. Forlin, C. (2013). Changing paradigms and future directions for implementing inclusive education in developing countries. Asian Journal of Inclusive Education, 1(2), 19-31. Graham, L. (Ed.). (2020). Inclusive education for the 21st century: Theory, policy and practice. Routledge. Gupta, S. S., Henninger, W. R., & Vinh, M. E. (2014). First steps to preschool inclusion. Brookes Publishing. Ilija, S. (2015). Early childhood programs and integration of young children on inclusive education environments. European Journal of Special Education Research, 1(1), 1-21. Imaniah, I., & Fitria, N. (2018). Inclusive education for students with disability. In SHS Web of Conferences, 42, 39. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200039. İli, K. (2022). Mülteci eğitiminde kapsayıcı eğitim politika ve uygulamaları: Türkiye ve Almanya örneği. In Oğuz, A. & Sakarya, Y. U. (Eds.). Sosyal Bilimlerde Yeni Araştırmalar-VI. (pp. 123-136). Berikan Yayınları. Köse, M. T., Yiğit, S., Erdemirci, A., & Özdemir, B. (2023). Kapsayıcı eğitim süreçlerinin geliştirilmesi bakımından öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Academic Social Resources Journal, 8(55), 4241-4249. https://doi.org/10.29228/ASRJOURNAL.73207. Kraska, J., & Boyle, C. (2014). Attitudes of preschool and primary school pre-service teachers towards inclusive education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 228-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2014.926307. Lawrence, S., Smith, S., & Banerjee, R. (April, 2016). Preschool inclusion: Key findings from research and implications for policy. Child care and early education research connections. National Center for Children in Poverty. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED579178.pdf. Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage. Loreman, T. (2009). Straight talk about inclusive education outcomes in Alberta. CASS Connections. 6(4), 43-47. Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage. Morrow, S.L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250. O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919899220. Özokçu, O. (2018). Investigating preschool teachers’ self-efficacy in inclusion practices in Turkey. International Education Studies, 11(9), 79. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n9p79 Özoruç, N., & Sığırtmaç, A. D. (2022). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin mülteci çocukların eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlara ilişkin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51(233), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.779155. Pamuk, D. K., & Bal, M. (2019). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kapsayici eğitimde çocuklarin dil gelişim sürecine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(1), 737-754. Pijl, S. J., Meijer, C. J., & Hegarty, S. (1997). Inclusive education: A global agenda. Psychology Press. Pijl, S. J. (2010). Preparing teachers for inclusive education: Some reflections from the Netherlands. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 10(1), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2010.01165.x. Rose, R. (2010). Understanding inclusion, interpretations, perspectives and cultures. In Rose, R. (Ed.), Confronting obstacles to inclusion: International responses to developing inclusive schools. (pp. 1-6). Routledge. Sahillioğlu, D. E. (2020). Okulöncesi prosedürlerinin “kapsayıcı eğitim” kavramlarına ilişkin algıları: Bir metafor analizi çalışması. Araştırma ve Uygulamada Kapsayıcı Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 24-41. Samadi, S. A., & McConkey, R. (2018). Perspectives on inclusive education of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102307. Schuelka, M. J. (2018). Implementing inclusive education. K4D Helpdesk Report. Institute of Development Studies. Siagian, P. E., & Kurniawati, F. (2019). Inclusive preschool teachers: Their attitude and engagement toward inclusive education. In 3rd International Conference on Special Education (ICSE 2019) (pp. 250-254). Atlantis Press. Slee, R. (2018). Defining the scope of inclusive education. UNESCO, Global Education Monitoring Report. College Vanderbilt University. Smith, D. D. (2006). Introduction to special education; teaching in an age of opportunity. Peabody College. Stemberger, T., & Kiswarday, V. R. (2018). Attitude towards inclusive education: the perspective of Slovenian preschool and primary school teachers. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1297573. Symes, W., & Humphrey, N. (2010). Peer group indicators of social inclusion among pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream secondary schools: A comparative study. School Psychology International, 31(5), 478–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034310382496. Tamakloe, D. and Agbenyega, J. S. (2017). Exploring preschool teachers' and support staff's use and experiences of assistive technology with children with disabilities. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 42(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.04 Taneri, P. O. (April, 2017). Demokratik ve kapsayıcı eğitimin önündeki engelleri aşmada ilk adım: Öğretmen eğitimi. In Köksal, D. (Ed.). Kapsayıcı eğitim: Tüm öğrenciler için kaliteli eğitim. ULEAD 2017 Annual Congress, Çanakkale. Tanış, İ., & Özgün, Ö. (2022). Sığınmacı çocuklarla çalışan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin deneyimleri: çokkültürlü bir bakış açısı. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 23, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1036816. Tuzcuoğlu, N., & Aydın, D. (2023). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kapsayıcı eğitim ile ilgili görüşleri, problemleri ve çözüm önerileri. Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.55008/te-ad.1284572. Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitimbilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel bir araştırma tekniği: Görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24(24), 543-559. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020: Inclusion and education: All means all. 92310038. Ünal, R., & Aladağ, S. (2020). Investigation of problems and solution proposals in the context of inclusive education practices. Journal of Interdisciplinary Education: Theory and Practice, 2(1), 23-42. Woodcock, S., Sharma, U., Subban, P., & Hitches, E. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy and inclusive education practices: Rethinking teachers’ engagement with inclusive practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, 103802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103802. Woolfson, L. M., & Brady, K. (2009). An investigation of factors impacting on mainstream teachers‟ beliefs about teaching students with learning difficulties. Educational Psychology, 29(2), 221–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410802708895. Yardımcı, S. (2015). Sakatlığın tarihsel inşası. In Çayır, K., Soran, M., & Ergün, M. (Eds.) Engellilik ve ayrımcılık: Eğitimciler için temel metinler ve örnek dersler. (pp. 7-17), Karekök Yayınları. Yılmaz Atman, B. (2022). Kapsayıcı eğitim. In Bakkaloğlu, H., Çelik, S., & Tomris, G. (Eds.). Erken çocukluk özel eğitimi. (pp. 589-615). Vize Yayıncılık. Zabeli, N., & Gjelaj, M. (2020). Preschool teacher’s awareness, attitudes and challenges towards inclusive early childhood education: A qualitative study. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1791560. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1791560.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: TEACHER PERCEPTIONS, PRACTICES, CHALLENGES AND NEEDS Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 487 – 506, 30.06.2024
Fatma Balık , Ozkan Ozgun
https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1479155
Öz This phenomenological study examines the perceptions, classroom practices, and educational needs of preschool teachers regarding inclusive education. We collected data through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview form. The participants were 15 preschool teachers selected by criterion sampling, working in public preschools in the city center of Diyarbakır. We analyzed the data through content analysis. Our findings reveal that while preschool teachers have a general understanding of inclusive education, they lack specific knowledge in more detailed areas. They believe that the implementation of inclusive education requires consideration of children’s individual differences, developmental characteristics, and cultural diversity. The teachers identified several challenges, including a lack of materials, large class sizes, limited understanding and support from parents, and their own professional insufficiency and experience. Additionally, they noted deficiencies in general educational policies on inclusive education. Teachers often seek support from the children’s families or school counseling services to address the challenges they face. They also highlighted the need for practical training on developing and implementing inclusive activities, adapting activities to various characteristics of the children, and actively engaging children with special needs in learning. Based on these findings, we have put forward several recommendations for practice and further research.
Anahtar Kelimeler Inclusive education, Preschool teachers, Knowledge related to inclusive education, Inclusive education practices, Teachers’ professional needs
Etik Beyan The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.
Teşekkür We sincerely thank all the teachers whose invaluable cooperation and participation made this research possible.
Kaynakça Akbulut, F., Yılmaz, N. Karakoç, A., Erciyas, İ.M. & Akşin Yavuz, A. (2021). Öğretmen adayları kapsayıcı eğitim hakkında ne düşünüyor? Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 33-53. https://doi.org/10.37754/ 756554.2021. Akrim, M., & Harfiani, R. (2019). Daily learning flow of inclusive education for early childhood. Utopia Y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(6), 132-141. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=27962177014. Aydın Güngör, T., & Pehlivan, O. (2021). Kapsayıcı eğitimin Türk eğitim sistemindeki yeri ve önemi. Studies in Educational Research and Development, 5(1), 48-71. Bouillet, D. (2013). Some aspects of collaboration in inclusive education–teachers’ experiences. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 3(2), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.241. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage. Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Dağlıoğlu, H. E., Doğan, A. T., & Basit, O. (2017). Kapsayıcı okul öncesi eğitim ortamlarında öğretmenler çocukların bireysel yeteneklerini belirlemek ve geliştirmek için neler yapıyor? Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 883-910. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.335127. Daniela, L., & Lytras, M. D. (2019). Educational robotics for inclusive education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 24, 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-018-9397-5. Davis, P., & Florian, L. (2004). Teaching strategies and approaches for pupils with special educational needs. A scoping study [Research Report 516]. DfES. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/6059/1/RR516.pdf. De Boer, S., & Simpson, R. L. (2009). Successful inclusion for students with autism: Creating a complete, effective. ASD inclusion program. Jossey-Bass. Demirkol, M. (2023). Kapsayıcı eğitimde dezavantajlı gruplar. In Demirkol, M. & Batdı, V. (Eds.). Kapsayıcı öğretmen el kitabı. (pp. 85). Anı. Doğan, A., & Avcıoğlu, A. (2022). Kapsayıcı eğitimin yadsınamaz gerçeği: göçmen çocukların eğitim sorunlarının incelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 987-1015.https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1083492. Doğan, A., & Telli, E. Y. (2022). Öğretmenlerin kapsayıcı eğitime yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(3), 1146-1162.https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.1096805. Edmonds, W.A. & Kennedy, T.D. (2017). An applied guide to research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method. Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071802779. Erdoğan, A., Hoplamaz, F., Atmaca, G., & Kesik, A. (2022). Okul yöneticilerinin kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin görüşleri, yaşadıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: Nitel bir çalışma. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(10), 231-246.https://doi.org/10.56677/mkuefder.1206638. Eşici H., & Doğan, Y. (2020). Psikolojik danışman ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kapsayıcı eğitim günlükleri. Journal of Inclusive Education in Research and Practice, 1(2), 29-53. Flem, A., Moen, T., & Gudmundsdottir, S. (2004). Towards inclusive schools: A study of inclusive education in practice. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 19(1), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10885625032000167160. Florian, L. (2009). Preparing teachers to work in schools for all. Teachers and Teacher Education, 25(6), 533–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.02004. Forlin, C. (2013). Changing paradigms and future directions for implementing inclusive education in developing countries. Asian Journal of Inclusive Education, 1(2), 19-31. Graham, L. (Ed.). (2020). Inclusive education for the 21st century: Theory, policy and practice. Routledge. Gupta, S. S., Henninger, W. R., & Vinh, M. E. (2014). First steps to preschool inclusion. Brookes Publishing. Ilija, S. (2015). Early childhood programs and integration of young children on inclusive education environments. European Journal of Special Education Research, 1(1), 1-21. Imaniah, I., & Fitria, N. (2018). Inclusive education for students with disability. In SHS Web of Conferences, 42, 39. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200039. İli, K. (2022). Mülteci eğitiminde kapsayıcı eğitim politika ve uygulamaları: Türkiye ve Almanya örneği. In Oğuz, A. & Sakarya, Y. U. (Eds.). Sosyal Bilimlerde Yeni Araştırmalar-VI. (pp. 123-136). Berikan Yayınları. Köse, M. T., Yiğit, S., Erdemirci, A., & Özdemir, B. (2023). Kapsayıcı eğitim süreçlerinin geliştirilmesi bakımından öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Academic Social Resources Journal, 8(55), 4241-4249. https://doi.org/10.29228/ASRJOURNAL.73207. Kraska, J., & Boyle, C. (2014). Attitudes of preschool and primary school pre-service teachers towards inclusive education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 228-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2014.926307. Lawrence, S., Smith, S., & Banerjee, R. (April, 2016). Preschool inclusion: Key findings from research and implications for policy. Child care and early education research connections. National Center for Children in Poverty. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED579178.pdf. Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage. Loreman, T. (2009). Straight talk about inclusive education outcomes in Alberta. CASS Connections. 6(4), 43-47. Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage. Morrow, S.L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250. O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919899220. Özokçu, O. (2018). Investigating preschool teachers’ self-efficacy in inclusion practices in Turkey. International Education Studies, 11(9), 79. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n9p79 Özoruç, N., & Sığırtmaç, A. D. (2022). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin mülteci çocukların eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlara ilişkin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51(233), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.779155. Pamuk, D. K., & Bal, M. (2019). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kapsayici eğitimde çocuklarin dil gelişim sürecine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(1), 737-754. Pijl, S. J., Meijer, C. J., & Hegarty, S. (1997). Inclusive education: A global agenda. Psychology Press. Pijl, S. J. (2010). Preparing teachers for inclusive education: Some reflections from the Netherlands. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 10(1), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2010.01165.x. Rose, R. (2010). Understanding inclusion, interpretations, perspectives and cultures. In Rose, R. (Ed.), Confronting obstacles to inclusion: International responses to developing inclusive schools. (pp. 1-6). Routledge. Sahillioğlu, D. E. (2020). Okulöncesi prosedürlerinin “kapsayıcı eğitim” kavramlarına ilişkin algıları: Bir metafor analizi çalışması. Araştırma ve Uygulamada Kapsayıcı Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 24-41. Samadi, S. A., & McConkey, R. (2018). Perspectives on inclusive education of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102307. Schuelka, M. J. (2018). Implementing inclusive education. K4D Helpdesk Report. Institute of Development Studies. Siagian, P. E., & Kurniawati, F. (2019). Inclusive preschool teachers: Their attitude and engagement toward inclusive education. In 3rd International Conference on Special Education (ICSE 2019) (pp. 250-254). Atlantis Press. Slee, R. (2018). Defining the scope of inclusive education. UNESCO, Global Education Monitoring Report. College Vanderbilt University. Smith, D. D. (2006). Introduction to special education; teaching in an age of opportunity. Peabody College. Stemberger, T., & Kiswarday, V. R. (2018). Attitude towards inclusive education: the perspective of Slovenian preschool and primary school teachers. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1297573. Symes, W., & Humphrey, N. (2010). Peer group indicators of social inclusion among pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream secondary schools: A comparative study. School Psychology International, 31(5), 478–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034310382496. Tamakloe, D. and Agbenyega, J. S. (2017). Exploring preschool teachers' and support staff's use and experiences of assistive technology with children with disabilities. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 42(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.04 Taneri, P. O. (April, 2017). Demokratik ve kapsayıcı eğitimin önündeki engelleri aşmada ilk adım: Öğretmen eğitimi. In Köksal, D. (Ed.). Kapsayıcı eğitim: Tüm öğrenciler için kaliteli eğitim. ULEAD 2017 Annual Congress, Çanakkale. Tanış, İ., & Özgün, Ö. (2022). Sığınmacı çocuklarla çalışan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin deneyimleri: çokkültürlü bir bakış açısı. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 23, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1036816. Tuzcuoğlu, N., & Aydın, D. (2023). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kapsayıcı eğitim ile ilgili görüşleri, problemleri ve çözüm önerileri. Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.55008/te-ad.1284572. Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitimbilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel bir araştırma tekniği: Görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24(24), 543-559. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020: Inclusion and education: All means all. 92310038. Ünal, R., & Aladağ, S. (2020). Investigation of problems and solution proposals in the context of inclusive education practices. Journal of Interdisciplinary Education: Theory and Practice, 2(1), 23-42. Woodcock, S., Sharma, U., Subban, P., & Hitches, E. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy and inclusive education practices: Rethinking teachers’ engagement with inclusive practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, 103802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103802. Woolfson, L. M., & Brady, K. (2009). An investigation of factors impacting on mainstream teachers‟ beliefs about teaching students with learning difficulties. Educational Psychology, 29(2), 221–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410802708895. Yardımcı, S. (2015). Sakatlığın tarihsel inşası. In Çayır, K., Soran, M., & Ergün, M. (Eds.) Engellilik ve ayrımcılık: Eğitimciler için temel metinler ve örnek dersler. (pp. 7-17), Karekök Yayınları. Yılmaz Atman, B. (2022). Kapsayıcı eğitim. In Bakkaloğlu, H., Çelik, S., & Tomris, G. (Eds.). Erken çocukluk özel eğitimi. (pp. 589-615). Vize Yayıncılık. Zabeli, N., & Gjelaj, M. (2020). Preschool teacher’s awareness, attitudes and challenges towards inclusive early childhood education: A qualitative study. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1791560. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1791560. Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Eğitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme (Diğer) Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Fatma Balık CUKUROVA UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-8601-4619 Türkiye
Ozkan Ozgun ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-9053-8941 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2024 Kabul Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Balık, F., & Ozgun, O. (2024). INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: TEACHER PERCEPTIONS, PRACTICES, CHALLENGES AND NEEDS. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 487-506. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1479155
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