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INSTITUTE of ISLAMIC CULTURE Skip to content 1950 yılında Lahor’da kurulan İslâm kültürü enstitüsü.
Haydarâbâd Osmâniye Üniversitesi felsefe hocalarından ve dönemin önde gelen düşünürlerinden Halîfe Abdülhakîm tarafından kurulan enstitü 4 Şubat 1951’de resmiyet kazanmış, kurucular heyetinde Seyyid Vâcid Ali (başkan), Miyân Muhammed Şerîf (M. M. Sharif), Hoca Beşîr Bahş, Şeyh Abdurrahman ve Muhammed Cihangir Han yer almıştır (M. İshak Battî, Bezm-i Ercümendân , s. 330-331). Enstitüye kuruluşunda İdâre-i Sekāfet-i İslâmiyye adı verilmişse de Pakistan içinde ve dışında genellikle bunun İngilizce’si kullanılmaktadır. 1947’de Pakistan, İslâmî kimliği öne çıkaran bir anlayışla kurulunca İslâm’ın ferdî ve içtimaî hayat, kültürler arası ilişkiler, ulusal ve uluslararası siyaset gibi temel meselelere dair söylemini günün ihtiyaçlarına uygun bir bakışla dile getirecek, bu konularda neşriyat yapacak kurumlara ihtiyaç hissedildi. Pakistan’ın kurulduğu dönemde akademik çalışma yapan İslâmî teşekküllerin büyük bir kısmı Hindistan tarafında kaldı, hatta bazı müslümanlar oradaki müesseseleri yaşatmak amacıyla Pakistan’a taşınmadı. Bu sebeple yeni devlet içinde de bu tür kurumları oluşturmak bir zorunluluk haline geldi; zira genç Pakistan Devleti’ni hem geçmişe bağlayacak hem de geleceğe taşıyabilecek üst bakış açısına ve fikrî mesaiye ihtiyaç duyuluyordu. Ayrıca o dönemde İslâm dünyasının içinde bulunduğu durum, büyük bir İslâm geleneğini temsil eden Hint-Pakistan müslümanlarına önemli görevler yüklüyordu. 1945’te Indian Philosophical Congress’in genel başkanı olan Miyân Muhammed Şerîf’in 1954’te Halîfe Abdülhakîm ve diğer felsefecilerle birlikte Lahor’da kurduğu Pakistan Philosophical Congress adlı müessese de böyle bir ihtiyaçtan doğmuştu. Bu kurumun bastırdığı kitaplar ve 1957’den itibaren çıkarılan The Pakistan Philosophical Journal adlı dergi toplumun entelektüel seviyesini yükseltmeye yönelik önemli görev üstlendi (Philosophy in Pakistan , editörün önsözü, s. xv-xvi, ilk dönem felsefe çalışmaları için ayrıca bk. M. Shabbir Ahsen, s. 155-183).
Halîfe Abdülhakîm, İdâre-i Sekāfet-i İslâmiyye’nin kuruluşu sırasında birlikte çalışabileceği kimseleri belirlerken medreseden gelen ulemânın enstitünün kuruluş amacını kavramada zorluk çekeceğini düşünerek çoğunlukla Batı tipi kurumlarda öğrenim gören, ancak müslüman kimliğini de korumuş olan az sayıdaki ilim adamıyla yola çıktı (ilk isimler için bk. Mümtâz Ahter Mirza, s. 31). Bu arada medresede yetişmiş olmakla birlikte yeniliğe açık, kendilerini geliştirmiş, enstitünün kuruluş felsefesini benimsemiş ilim ve fikir adamları da enstitü çalışmalarına destek vermeye başladı. Bunlar arasında 15 Mayıs 1951’de enstitüye katılıp 1986’da vefatına kadar kurumdan ayrılmayan Muhammed Hanîf Nedvî’nin adı öne çıkmaktadır. Kendisi burada yüzlerce makale ve on beş eser kaleme aldı (M. İshak Battî, “Armaġān-ı Ḥanîf”, s. 24-53). Ayrıca Pakistan Anayasa Mahkemesi Başkanı Seyyid Abdurrahman, M. Ca‘fer Şah Pulvârvî, Mazharüddin Sıddîkī, Reîs Ahmed Ca‘ferî, Şâhid Hüseyin Rezzâkī, Afzal İkbâl, Beşîr Ahmed Dâr, Tahsin Firâkī, M. İshak Battî de kurum mensupları arasında yer aldı, bunların onlarca eseri kurum yayınları arasında basıldı. Enstitü, Halîfe Abdülhakîm’in 30 Ocak 1959 tarihinde vefatından sonra da liyakatli ilim ve fikir adamları tarafından yönetildi. Aligarh Üniversitesi mezunu felsefeci Miyân Muhammed Şerîf 1959-1965 arasında kurumun müdürlüğünü yaptı. Muhammed Şerîf’ten sonra enstitünün başına kültür tarihçisi Şeyh Muhammed İkrâm (1965-1972), Aligarh Üniversitesi mezunu felsefeci M. Saîd Şeyh (1972-1984), şair ve felsefeci Sirâc Münîr (1984-1990), edebiyatçı Muhammed Süheyl Ömer (1990-1992), düşünür ve kültür tarihçisi Reşîd Ahmed Celenderî (1992-2009) ve halen başkan olan Kadı Câvid geçti.
Kuruluşundan itibaren ilmî etkinlikler içerisinde bulunan enstitü siyasetten uzak durdu; özel ve resmî kurumlarla iş birliği içinde ilmî toplantılar düzenledi (Reşîd Ahmed Celenderî, [1988], s. 17-18). 1955 yılı Ocak ayında Halîfe Abdülhakîm’in editörlüğünde Ṣeḳāfet adıyla aylık ilmî bir dergi çıkarılmaya başlandı (M. İshak Battî, Ḳāfile-yi Ḥadîs̱ , s. 301). Derginin adı, Şeyh Muhammed İkrâm’ın müdürlüğü döneminde 1968 yılı Ocak-Şubat sayısı ile birlikte el-Maʿârif olarak değiştirildi ve editörlük görevi M. İshak Battî’ye verildi. el-Maʿârif ’in ilk sayısı Pakistan’ın kuruluşunun 20. yılına ithafen özel sayı olarak çıktı. M. Hanîf Nedvî, bu sayıda yer alan “İdâre-i Sekāfet-i İslâmiyye” adlı makalesinde enstitünün 1967 yılına kadarki tarihini anlattı (a.g.e. , s. 307). Başlangıçta ayda bir, iki ayda bir, üç ayda bir gibi periyotlarda yayımlanan dergi uzun süreden beri yılda iki sayı halinde çıkmaktadır. Dergide yazılar çoğunlukla Urduca olup zaman zaman İngilizce makalelere de yer verilmektedir. Enstitü tarafından Halîfe Abdülhakîm’in anısına her yıl Khalifa Abdul Hakim Memorial Lectures adıyla ilmî toplantılar düzenlenmektedir. Yayın işine büyük önem veren enstitü kuruluşundan itibaren eser neşrine başladı, değerli araştırmalar yayımladı. Enstitü mensupları ayrıca devlet kurumlarıyla ortaklaşa çalışmalar yaptı. Meselâ Pakistan Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın teşvikiyle 1957’de The History of Muslim Philosophy adıyla başlayan kapsamlı kitap projesi önemlidir. Çok sayıda müellifin yazılarını içeren ve 1400 sayfadan oluşan bu projenin yönetiminde Halîfe Abdülhakîm de bulundu. 1959’da enstitünün müdürlüğünü üstlenen M. Muhammed Şerîf 1961’de eseri tamamlayarak iki cilt halinde yayımladı (Wiesbaden 1963-1966); eser İslam Düşüncesi Tarihi adıyla Türkçe’ye de çevrildi (I-IV, İstanbul 1990-91).
Institute of Islamic Culture’ın neşrettiği 300’den fazla kitaptan bazıları şunlardır: Khalifa Abdul Hakim, Islamic Ideology: The Fundamental Beliefs and Principles of Islam and Their Application to Practical Life, Islam and Communism, Kelâm-ı Ḥakîm: Mecmûʿa-i Ḫalîfe ʿAbdülḥakîm, İslâm ka Naẓariyye-i Ḥayât; Muhammed Hanîf Nedvî, Taʿlîmât-ı Ġazzâlî, Aḳliyyâtü İbn Teymiyye, Mesʾele-i İctihâd, Esâsiyât-ı İslâm; M. Saeed Sheikh, A Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy; Şeyh Muhammed İkrâm, Âb-ı Kevs̱er, Rûd-i Kevs̱er, Mevc-i Kevs̱er, History of Muslim Civilization in India and Pakistan: A Political and Cultural History; Afzal Iqbal, Diplomacy in Islam: An Essay on the Art of Negotiation as Conceived and Developed by the Prophet of Islam, The Culture of Islam: An Analysis of Its Earliest Pattern, Life and Times of Mohammad Ali: An Analysis of the Hopes, Fears and Aspirations of Muslim India from 1878 to 1931; Mohammad Mazheruddin Siddiqi, İslâm aôr Meẕâhib-i Âlem, Women in Islam, Development of Islamic State and Society; M. Ca‘fer Şah Pulvârvî, İctihâdî Mesâʾil, Komerşıl İnterest ka Fıḳhî Ḥaysiyyet, Mecmaʿu’l-Baḥreyn, İslâm aôr Mûsiḳī; Robert L. Gulick, Muhammad: The Educator; S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam; Muhammad Munawwar, Dimensions of Pakistan Movement; Anwar Iqbal Qureshi, Fiscal Systems of Islam; Mehr Afroz Murad, Intellectual modernism of Shibli Numani; Mahmud Brelvi, Islam in Africa; Gazâle Hâmid, Şürûḥ-i Ṣaḥîḥ-i Buḫârî; Muhammed İshak Battî, Fuḳahâ-i Hind (10 cilt), Berr-i Ṣaġīr meyn ʿİlm-i Fıḳh; Muhammed Ömerüddin, Sör Seyyid Aḥmed Ḫan ka Neyâ Meẕhebî Ṭarz-ı Fikr; Rashid Ahmad Jullundhri, Islamic Shari’a and Its Application with Special Reference to Pakistan; Burhan Ahmed Faruqi, The Mujaddid’s Conception of Tawhid: Study of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindis Doctrine of Unity; Syed Azhar Ali Rizvi, Muslim Tradition in Psychotherapy and Modern Trends; Syed Zafarul Hasan, Philosophy: A Critique; Bashir Ahmad Dar, Religious Thought of Sayyid Aḥmad Khan, Ḥukemâ-i Ḳadîm ka Felsefe-i Aḫlâḳ; Mushirul Haq, Shah Abdul Aziz: His Life and Time; Shaikh Mahmud Ahmad, Towards Interest-Free Banking; Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam; N. D. Ahmad, The Survival of Afghanistan 1747-1979: A Diplomatic History with an Analytic and Reflective Approach. Pakistan’da dinî düşüncenin ve felsefî bilginin güçlenmesine büyük katkısı olan İdâre-i Sekāfet-i İslâmiyye zaman zaman yenilikçi yayınları ve faaliyetleri sebebiyle eleştirilmiş, ülkede modernizmin ve hadis inkârcılığının merkezi olarak gösterilmiştir. Bunda, Pakistan halkının dinî taassubunun yanında bu taassubu besleyen medrese hocalarının İslâmî konulardaki aşırı muhafazakâr görüşlerinin ve tutumlarının da etkisi olmuştur.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA :
M. Saleem Akhtar – Agha Hussain Hamadani, A Handbook on Research Activities of Learned Bodies , Islamabad 1984, s. 24; M. İshak Battî, “Mevlânâ Muḥammed Ḥanîf Nedvî ki Ḫidemât İdâre-i S̱eḳāfet-i İslâmiyye ke Liye”, Armaġān-ı Ḥanîf (haz. M. İshak Battî), Lahor 1989, s. 24-53; a.mlf., Ḳāfile-yi Ḥadîs̱ , Lahor 2003, s. 301, 307; a.mlf., Bezm-i Ercümendân , Lahor 2006, s. 330-331; Âftâb Ahmed, “Daktır Ḫalîfe ʿAbdülḥakîm”, Beyâd-ı Ṣoḥbet-i Nâzük Ḫayâlân: Şaḫṣî Ḫâkôn kâ Mecmûʿa , Karaçi 1997, s. 49; Philosophy in Pakistan (ed. Naem Ahmad), Washington 1999, editörün önsözü, s. xv-xvi; Richard V. de Smet, “Appendix: Philosophical Activity in Pakistan: 1947-1961”, a.e. , s. 379; M. Shabbir Ahsen, “Professional Associations of Philosophers in Pakistan”, Associations of Social Scientists: An Analytical Studies (ed. Inayatullah), Islamabad 2006, s. 155-183; Mümtâz Ahter Mirza, Daktır Ḫalîfe ʿAbdülḥakîm: Sevâniḫ aôr Edebî Ḫidmât , Lahor 2010, s. 31; M. Hanîf Nedvî, “İdâre-i S̱eḳāfet-i İslâmiyye”, el-Maʿârif , I/1, Lahor 1968, s. 108-112; “Institute of Islamic Culture”, Publications of Learned Bodies and Research Organizations in Pakistan I , Karachi 1973, s. 1-40; Abdul Malik Irfani, “Memorandum of Association of the Institute of Islamic Culture, Lahore”, Aḫbâr-ı Urdu , III/7, İslâmâbâd 1986, s. 13; III/9 (1986), s. 17; Reşîd Ahmed Celenderî, “İdâre-i S̱eḳāfet-i İslâmiyye: Ek Teʿârüf”, a.e. , September 1998, s. 17-18; Karamat Bhatty, “Institute of Islamic Culture Desperate for Funding”, The Express Tribune , Karachi 25 October 2011; http://khalifaabdulhakim.com (15.03.2015).
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2016 yılında İstanbul’da basılan (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım) EK-1. cildinde, 641-642 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.