Investigating Groundwater Resources in Somaliland’s Sool and Gebiley Regions Using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Method

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 20 – 39, 31.12.2023

Mohamed Jama Husseın , Hatice Karakılçık

Öz

Hydrogeological and geophysical studies were conducted in this research to assess the groundwater potential of Somaliland. The primary objective of this study is to identify suitable aquifer areas for groundwater drilling in selected cities and villages. The research covers three different regions of Somaliland, where geophysical surveys were performed in the Sool, Togdheer, and Awdal regions. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method was employed for groundwater exploration in this study. Measurements were taken at a total of 19 VES measurement points using the Schlumberger electrode arrays in four different regions. The AB/2 spacing in the study area was set to a maximum of 700 meters.
Apparent resistivity layer maps at AB/2 spacings of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 400 meters were prepared using the apparent resistivity values obtained from the study area in the Surfer software. These maps helped clearly identify lateral and vertical variations in apparent resistivity values within the study area. The IPI2Win computer program was used to evaluate the VES data obtained from the study area. As a result of the assessment, it was determined that the true resistivity values of the subsurface layers ranged from a minimum of 0.24 ohm-m to a maximum of 5574 ohm-m, and the thickness of the subsurface layers varied from a minimum of 0.14 m to a maximum of 342 m.
Geoelectric maps of the subsurface were created using the obtained resistivity and thickness values, and these geoelectric maps were correlated with the regional geology to identify potential groundwater areas within the study area. The areas with groundwater potential were determined to be the DES2 measurement points in the Godalo region, DES2 in the Gambadho region, DES1 in the Qoryale region, and DES4 in the Magalo’ad region. The maximum drilling depth in the study area was determined to be 350 meters. Subsequent drilling at the recommended measurement points yielded an ample supply of groundwater, fulfilling the region’s drinking water needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resistivity, Groundwater exploration, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Somaliland

Kaynakça

• Abdulkadir, Y. A.., and Eritro, T. H., 2017. 2D resistivity imaging and magnetic survey for characterization of thermal springs: A case study of Gergedi thermal springs in the northwest of Wonji, Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 133, Pages 95-103.
• ABEM Instrument AB, 2018. ABEM SAS 4000 Instruction Manual, Terrameter SAS 4000 / SAS 1000. pp:146. Retrieved From https://wwwguidelinegeoc.cdn.triggerfish.cloud/uploads/2018/10/Terrameter-SAS-1000_4000_Manual_Terrameter_GGEO-100049.pdf
• Ali, M. Y., 2009. Geology and coal potential of Somaliland. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Volume 2 (2), Pp 168–185.
• Anechana, R. 2013. Groundwater potential assessment of Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana using the electromagnetic method and vertical electrical sounding. Master thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (unpublished).
• Badrinarayanan, T.S., and Thiyagarajan, G., 2018. Software applications for interpreting geoelectric data in groundwater exploration techniques. Conference: Sustainable Technologies For Intellıgent Water and Environmental Management (STIWEM-2018) At Chidambaram. 13p.
• FAO-SWALIM., 2014. Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved from Hydrogeological Survey and Assessment of Seletced Areas in Somaliland and Puntland. Technical Report No. W-20 (2nd Edition), FAO-SWALIM (GCP/SOM/049/EC) Project. Getenet, A., 2023. Electrical Resistivity Method for Groundwater Exploration in Bure Industrial Park, Ethiopia. J Geol Geophys. 12:1092, , DOI: 10.35248/2381-8719.23.12.1092.
• Haile, T., and Atsbaha, S., 2014. Electrical resistivity tomography, VES and magnetic surveys for dam site characterization, Wukro, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume: 97, pp:67–77.
• Hasan M., Shang, Y., and Jin, W., 2018. Delineation of weathered/fracture zones for aquifer potential using an integrated geophysical approach: A case study from South China. Journal of Applied Geophysics, Volume 157, , Pages 47-60.
• Hussein, M.J., 2020. The Use of Electrocal Resostivity Method for Groundwater Exploration in Sool and Gebiley Regıions in Somaliland. Cukurova Unıversity Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Geological Engineering, MSc THESIS, 121p. Adana, TÜRKİYE.
• Jayeoba, A., and Oladunjoye, M. A., 2015. 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Groundwater Exploration in Hard Rock Terrain. International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST) – Volume 4 No. 3, pp:156-163.
• Kasidi S., 2017. Groundwater Exploration Using Electrical Resistivity Method A Case Study In Federal Capital Teritory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS). Volume-4, Issue-10, ISSN: 2394-3661.
• Mohamaden, M.I.I., Hamouda, A.Z., and Mansour, S., 2016. Application of electrical resistivity method for groundwater exploration at the Moghra area, Western Desert, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, Volume 42, Issue 3, Pages 261-268.
• Muchingami, I., Hlatywayo, D.J., Nel, J.M., and Chuma, C., 2012. Electrical resistivity survey for groundwater investigations and shallow subsurface evaluation of the basaltic-greenstone formation of the urban Bulawayo aquifer. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C,Volumes 50–52, Pages 44-51.
• Niemann, W. L., 2007. Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,13(1),86–87.
• Owen, R. J., Gwavava, O., and Gwaze, P., 2006. Multi-electrode resistivity survey for groundwater exploration in the Harare greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Hydrogeology Journal,14 (1–2), Pages 244–25.
• Riwayat, A.I, , Nazri, M.A.A., and Ahmad, N.A., 2022. Mapping of Potential Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor. International Journal of Integrated Engineering,Vol: 14, No. 9, pp:15-23. ISSN : 2229-838X e-ISSN : 2600-7916
• Sikah, N.J., Aning, A.A., Danuor, K.S., Manu, E., and Okrah, C., 2016. Groundwater Exploration using 1D and 2D Electrical Resistivity Methods. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.6, No.7.
• SHAAC 2015. Abaarso Area Hydrogeological and Geophysical Investigation Final Report. SHAAC Engineering Consulting PLC. Pp:28.
• Wahab, S., Saibi,H., and Mizunaga, H.,2021. Groundwater aquifer detection using the electrical resistivity method at Ito Campus, Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan) .. Geosci. Lett. 8:15, ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-021-00188-6.

Somaliland'ın Sool ve Gebiley Bölgelerinde Düşey Elektrik Sondaj Yöntemi (DES) ile Yeraltısuyu Kaynaklarının Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 1, 20 – 39, 31.12.2023

Mohamed Jama Husseın , Hatice Karakılçık

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Somaliland’ın yeraltısuyu potansiyelini değerlendirmek amacıyla hidrojeolojik ve jeofizik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, seçilen şehirlerde ve köylerde yeraltısuyu sondajı için uygun akifer alanlarını belirlemektir. Araştırma, Somaliland’ın Sool, Togdheer ve Awdal bölgelerinde gerçekleştirilen jeofizik çalışmaları içermektedir. Bu çalışmada yeraltısuyu araştırması için Düşey Elektrik Sondaj (VES) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Dört farklı bölgede, Schlumberger elektrot aralığı kullanılarak toplam 19 VES ölçüm noktasında ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki AB/2 aralığı maksimum 700 metre olarak belirlenmiştir.
Surfer yazılımı kullanılarak çalışma alanından elde edilen görünür özdirenç değerleri kullanılarak, AB/2 aralıklarında 100 m, 150 m, 200 m ve 400 metre için görünür özdirenç kat haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Bu haritalar, çalışma alanında görünür özdirenç değerlerinde yanal ve düşey değişimleri açıkça tanımlamaya yardımcı olmuştur. Çalışma alanından elde edilen VES verilerini değerlendirmek için IPI2Win bilgisayar programı kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda yeraltındaki tabakaların gerçek özdirenç değerlerinin minimum 0.24 ohm-m ile maksimum 5574 ohm-m arasında değiştiği ve tabakaların kalınlığının minimum 0.14 m ile maksimum 342 m arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.
Elde edilen özdirenç ve kalınlık değerleri kullanılarak yeraltının jeoelektrik haritaları oluşturulmuş ve bu haritalar, bölgesel jeoloji ile ilişkilendirilerek çalışma sahasındaki potansiyel yeraltısuyu alanları belirlenmiştir. Yeraltısuyu potansiyeli olan alanlar, Godalo bölgesinde DES2, Gambadho bölgesinde DES2, Qoryale bölgesinde DES1 ve Magalo’ad bölgesinde DES4 ölçüm noktaları olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sahasındaki maksimum sondaj derinliği 350 metre olarak belirlenmiştir. Önerilen ölçüm noktalarında sonraki sondajlar, bölgenin içme suyu ihtiyacını karşılayacak yeterli miktarda yeraltısuyu elde etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rezistivite, Düşey Elektrik Sondaj (DES), Yeraltısuyu araştırmaları, Somaliland

Kaynakça

• Abdulkadir, Y. A.., and Eritro, T. H., 2017. 2D resistivity imaging and magnetic survey for characterization of thermal springs: A case study of Gergedi thermal springs in the northwest of Wonji, Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 133, Pages 95-103.
• ABEM Instrument AB, 2018. ABEM SAS 4000 Instruction Manual, Terrameter SAS 4000 / SAS 1000. pp:146. Retrieved From https://wwwguidelinegeoc.cdn.triggerfish.cloud/uploads/2018/10/Terrameter-SAS-1000_4000_Manual_Terrameter_GGEO-100049.pdf
• Ali, M. Y., 2009. Geology and coal potential of Somaliland. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Volume 2 (2), Pp 168–185.
• Anechana, R. 2013. Groundwater potential assessment of Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana using the electromagnetic method and vertical electrical sounding. Master thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (unpublished).
• Badrinarayanan, T.S., and Thiyagarajan, G., 2018. Software applications for interpreting geoelectric data in groundwater exploration techniques. Conference: Sustainable Technologies For Intellıgent Water and Environmental Management (STIWEM-2018) At Chidambaram. 13p.
• FAO-SWALIM., 2014. Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved from Hydrogeological Survey and Assessment of Seletced Areas in Somaliland and Puntland. Technical Report No. W-20 (2nd Edition), FAO-SWALIM (GCP/SOM/049/EC) Project. Getenet, A., 2023. Electrical Resistivity Method for Groundwater Exploration in Bure Industrial Park, Ethiopia. J Geol Geophys. 12:1092, , DOI: 10.35248/2381-8719.23.12.1092.
• Haile, T., and Atsbaha, S., 2014. Electrical resistivity tomography, VES and magnetic surveys for dam site characterization, Wukro, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume: 97, pp:67–77.
• Hasan M., Shang, Y., and Jin, W., 2018. Delineation of weathered/fracture zones for aquifer potential using an integrated geophysical approach: A case study from South China. Journal of Applied Geophysics, Volume 157, , Pages 47-60.
• Hussein, M.J., 2020. The Use of Electrocal Resostivity Method for Groundwater Exploration in Sool and Gebiley Regıions in Somaliland. Cukurova Unıversity Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Geological Engineering, MSc THESIS, 121p. Adana, TÜRKİYE.
• Jayeoba, A., and Oladunjoye, M. A., 2015. 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Groundwater Exploration in Hard Rock Terrain. International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST) – Volume 4 No. 3, pp:156-163.
• Kasidi S., 2017. Groundwater Exploration Using Electrical Resistivity Method A Case Study In Federal Capital Teritory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS). Volume-4, Issue-10, ISSN: 2394-3661.
• Mohamaden, M.I.I., Hamouda, A.Z., and Mansour, S., 2016. Application of electrical resistivity method for groundwater exploration at the Moghra area, Western Desert, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, Volume 42, Issue 3, Pages 261-268.
• Muchingami, I., Hlatywayo, D.J., Nel, J.M., and Chuma, C., 2012. Electrical resistivity survey for groundwater investigations and shallow subsurface evaluation of the basaltic-greenstone formation of the urban Bulawayo aquifer. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C,Volumes 50–52, Pages 44-51.
• Niemann, W. L., 2007. Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,13(1),86–87.
• Owen, R. J., Gwavava, O., and Gwaze, P., 2006. Multi-electrode resistivity survey for groundwater exploration in the Harare greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Hydrogeology Journal,14 (1–2), Pages 244–25.
• Riwayat, A.I, , Nazri, M.A.A., and Ahmad, N.A., 2022. Mapping of Potential Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor. International Journal of Integrated Engineering,Vol: 14, No. 9, pp:15-23. ISSN : 2229-838X e-ISSN : 2600-7916
• Sikah, N.J., Aning, A.A., Danuor, K.S., Manu, E., and Okrah, C., 2016. Groundwater Exploration using 1D and 2D Electrical Resistivity Methods. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.6, No.7.
• SHAAC 2015. Abaarso Area Hydrogeological and Geophysical Investigation Final Report. SHAAC Engineering Consulting PLC. Pp:28.
• Wahab, S., Saibi,H., and Mizunaga, H.,2021. Groundwater aquifer detection using the electrical resistivity method at Ito Campus, Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan) .. Geosci. Lett. 8:15, ttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-021-00188-6.

Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

Download or read online: Click here