Investigation of the effect of additives on the microstructure of clay

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 563 – 571, 28.07.2024

Atila Demiröz , Onur Saran

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1439113

Öz

In civil engineering, some soils cause many problems in terms of geotechnical engineering. Especially high plasticity clayey soils cause serious problems in road, airport, pavement and highway construction. Such soils can be stabilized using the chemical stabilization method. Additives such as lime, cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag are generally used in chemical stabilization. In addition, in recent years, there have been many studies on the use of natural and artificial fibers in ground stabilization. In this study, the effects of basalt fiber and mineral additives on the microstructure of clay soil were examined. Microstructures of pure and additively mixed clayey soil specimens were investigated for this purpose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed on compacted soil specimens. In sum, it has been shown that the addition of lime, fly ash, and silica fume is effective in improving the compactivity properties. Pore sizes in SEM images vary depending on additive addition. SEM images showed that the soil particles adhered to the basalt fiber surface, which contributed to the force and friction between the soil particles and the basalt fiber.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil stabilization, Basalt fiber, XRD, SEM

Etik Beyan

There is no need for any permission from ethics committee for the article prepared. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for the article prepared.

Kaynakça

• Attom, M. F., Taqieddin, S. A., & Mubeideen, T. (2000). Shear strength and swelling stabilization of unsaturated clayey soil using pozzolanic material. Advances in Unsaturated Geotechnics, 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)19
• Ural, N. (2016). Effects of additives on the microstructure of clay. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 17(1), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1064011
• Indraratna, B., Vinod, J. S., & Athukorala, R. (2023). Chemically Treated Soils. DSC/HISS Modeling Applications for Problems in Mechanics, Geomechanics, and Structural Mechanics, 149-164.
• Demiröz, A., Saran, O., & Hamed, E. A. A. (2023). The influence of various additives on the plasticity properties of clayey soil. Selcuk University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 22 (1), 38-42.
• Mugambi, M. L. (2023). Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of expansive soils stabilized by limestone calcined clay cement. [Doctoral dissertation, Meru University of Science and Technology].
• Al-Rawas, A. A., Hago, A. W., & Al-Sarmi, H. (2005). Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman. Building and Environment, 40(5), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.028
• Cuisinier, O., Auriol, J. C., Le Borgne, T., & Deneele, D. (2011). Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil. Engineering Geology, 123(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010
• Davoudi, M. H., & Kabir, E. (2011). Interaction of lime and sodium chloride in a low plasticity fine grain soils. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(2), 330-335. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.330.335
• Jauberthie, R., Rendell, F., Rangeard, D., & Molez, L. (2010). Stabilisation of estuarine silt with lime and/or cement. Applied Clay Science, 50(3), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.09.004
• 1Prusinski, J. R., & Bhattacharja, S. (1999). Effectiveness of Portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils. Transportation Research Record, 1652(1), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-28
• Bell, F. G. (1996). Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Engineering Geology, 42(4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(96)00028-2
• Chen, F. H. (2012). Foundations on expansive soils, 12. Elsevier.
• Raj, P. P. (1999). Ground improvement techniques (HB). Firewall Media.
• Metelková, Z., Boháč, J., Sedlářová, I., & Přikryl, R. (2011). Changes of pore size and of hydraulic conductivity by adding lime in compacting clay liners. Geotechnical Engineering: New Horizons, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-808-3-93
• Muhmed, A., & Wanatowski, D. (2013). Effect of lime stabilisation on the strength and microstructure of clay. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 6(3), 87-94.
• Di Sante, M., Fratalocchi, E., Mazzieri, F., & Pasqualini, E. (2014). Time of reactions in a lime treated clayey soil and influence of curing conditions on its microstructure and behaviour. Applied Clay Science, 99, 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.018
• Song, Y., Geng, Y., Dong, S., Ding, S., Xu, K., Yan, R., & Liu, F. (2023). Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of basalt fiber-modified red clay. Sustainability, 15(5), 4411. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054411
• Ma, Q. Y., Cao, Z. M., & Yuan, P. (2018). Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018(1), 9125127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127
• ASTM D698 (2012). Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. West Conshohocken, USA, ASTM International.
• Ayothiraman, R., & Singh, A. (2017). Improvement of soil properties by basalt fibre reinforcement. In Proc., DFI-PFSF Joint Conf. on Piled Foundations & Ground Improvement Technology for the Modern Building and Infrastructure Sector, 403-412.
• Jia, Y., Zhang, J. S., Wang, X., Ding, Y., Chen, X. B., & Liu, T. (2022). Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced silty clay. Journal of Central South University, 29(6), 1945-1956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-022-5056-z
• Taguchi, G. J. Q. R. (1987). Taguchi techniques for quality engineering. Quality Resources, New York.
• Sharma, R. K., & Hymavathi, J. (2016). Effect of fly ash, construction demolition waste and lime on geotechnical characteristics of a clayey soil: a comparative study. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4796-6
• Türköz, M., Savaş, H., & Tasci, G. (2018). The effect of silica fume and lime on geotechnical properties of a clay soil showing both swelling and dispersive features. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4045-x
• Tiwari, N., Satyam, N., & Patva, J. (2020). Engineering characteristics and performance of polypropylene fibre and silica fume treated expansive soil subgrade. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 6(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-020-00199-x
• Wang, D., Abriak, N. E., & Zentar, R. (2013). Strength and deformation properties of Dunkirk marine sediments solidified with cement, lime and fly ash. Engineering Geology, 166, 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.09.007
• Tang, C., Shi, B., Gao, W., Chen, F., & Cai, Y. (2007). Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 25(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002
• Ma, Q. Y., Cao, Z. M., & Yuan, P. (2018). Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018(1), 9125127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127
• Wang, D., Wang, H., Larsson, S., Benzerzour, M., Maherzi, W., & Amar, M. (2020). Effect of basalt fiber inclusion on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-solidified kaolinite. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 118085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118085

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 563 – 571, 28.07.2024

Atila Demiröz , Onur Saran

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1439113

Öz

Kaynakça

• Attom, M. F., Taqieddin, S. A., & Mubeideen, T. (2000). Shear strength and swelling stabilization of unsaturated clayey soil using pozzolanic material. Advances in Unsaturated Geotechnics, 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)19
• Ural, N. (2016). Effects of additives on the microstructure of clay. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 17(1), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1064011
• Indraratna, B., Vinod, J. S., & Athukorala, R. (2023). Chemically Treated Soils. DSC/HISS Modeling Applications for Problems in Mechanics, Geomechanics, and Structural Mechanics, 149-164.
• Demiröz, A., Saran, O., & Hamed, E. A. A. (2023). The influence of various additives on the plasticity properties of clayey soil. Selcuk University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 22 (1), 38-42.
• Mugambi, M. L. (2023). Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of expansive soils stabilized by limestone calcined clay cement. [Doctoral dissertation, Meru University of Science and Technology].
• Al-Rawas, A. A., Hago, A. W., & Al-Sarmi, H. (2005). Effect of lime, cement and Sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman. Building and Environment, 40(5), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.028
• Cuisinier, O., Auriol, J. C., Le Borgne, T., & Deneele, D. (2011). Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil. Engineering Geology, 123(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010
• Davoudi, M. H., & Kabir, E. (2011). Interaction of lime and sodium chloride in a low plasticity fine grain soils. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(2), 330-335. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.330.335
• Jauberthie, R., Rendell, F., Rangeard, D., & Molez, L. (2010). Stabilisation of estuarine silt with lime and/or cement. Applied Clay Science, 50(3), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.09.004
• 1Prusinski, J. R., & Bhattacharja, S. (1999). Effectiveness of Portland cement and lime in stabilizing clay soils. Transportation Research Record, 1652(1), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-28
• Bell, F. G. (1996). Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Engineering Geology, 42(4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(96)00028-2
• Chen, F. H. (2012). Foundations on expansive soils, 12. Elsevier.
• Raj, P. P. (1999). Ground improvement techniques (HB). Firewall Media.
• Metelková, Z., Boháč, J., Sedlářová, I., & Přikryl, R. (2011). Changes of pore size and of hydraulic conductivity by adding lime in compacting clay liners. Geotechnical Engineering: New Horizons, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-808-3-93
• Muhmed, A., & Wanatowski, D. (2013). Effect of lime stabilisation on the strength and microstructure of clay. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 6(3), 87-94.
• Di Sante, M., Fratalocchi, E., Mazzieri, F., & Pasqualini, E. (2014). Time of reactions in a lime treated clayey soil and influence of curing conditions on its microstructure and behaviour. Applied Clay Science, 99, 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.018
• Song, Y., Geng, Y., Dong, S., Ding, S., Xu, K., Yan, R., & Liu, F. (2023). Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of basalt fiber-modified red clay. Sustainability, 15(5), 4411. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054411
• Ma, Q. Y., Cao, Z. M., & Yuan, P. (2018). Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018(1), 9125127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127
• ASTM D698 (2012). Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. West Conshohocken, USA, ASTM International.
• Ayothiraman, R., & Singh, A. (2017). Improvement of soil properties by basalt fibre reinforcement. In Proc., DFI-PFSF Joint Conf. on Piled Foundations & Ground Improvement Technology for the Modern Building and Infrastructure Sector, 403-412.
• Jia, Y., Zhang, J. S., Wang, X., Ding, Y., Chen, X. B., & Liu, T. (2022). Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced silty clay. Journal of Central South University, 29(6), 1945-1956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-022-5056-z
• Taguchi, G. J. Q. R. (1987). Taguchi techniques for quality engineering. Quality Resources, New York.
• Sharma, R. K., & Hymavathi, J. (2016). Effect of fly ash, construction demolition waste and lime on geotechnical characteristics of a clayey soil: a comparative study. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4796-6
• Türköz, M., Savaş, H., & Tasci, G. (2018). The effect of silica fume and lime on geotechnical properties of a clay soil showing both swelling and dispersive features. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4045-x
• Tiwari, N., Satyam, N., & Patva, J. (2020). Engineering characteristics and performance of polypropylene fibre and silica fume treated expansive soil subgrade. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 6(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-020-00199-x
• Wang, D., Abriak, N. E., & Zentar, R. (2013). Strength and deformation properties of Dunkirk marine sediments solidified with cement, lime and fly ash. Engineering Geology, 166, 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.09.007
• Tang, C., Shi, B., Gao, W., Chen, F., & Cai, Y. (2007). Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 25(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002
• Ma, Q. Y., Cao, Z. M., & Yuan, P. (2018). Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018(1), 9125127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127
• Wang, D., Wang, H., Larsson, S., Benzerzour, M., Maherzi, W., & Amar, M. (2020). Effect of basalt fiber inclusion on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-solidified kaolinite. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 118085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118085

Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

Download or read online: Click here