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Investigation of the Relationship Between Attention Level and Reading Speed in Children Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 126 – 136, 27.06.2024
Sema Kumrulu Fatih Bal
Öz The overall aim of this research is to examine the relationship between attention and reading speed in children. This research is a descriptive study and the relational screening model, which is one of the general screening models, was used in the research. The study universe of the study consists of 350 students between the ages of 9-12 who are studying in the 3rd and 4th grades of Bakırköy district of Istanbul Province in the 2020-2021 academic year. For this purpose, schools in Bakırköy district of Istanbul were included in the sample selection study. In the study, data were obtained by using Personal Information Form, Measurement of Reading Speed and D2 Attention Test Scale. The data obtained from the study were previously recorded in the SPSS 25.00 program in a controlled manner. Then the lost data will be examined. The types of analysis used will be determined according to the research problems and Pearson correlation analysis will be used for the existence of relationships between the variables. The level of the variables in the study will be revealed by descriptive statistics and comparative (t-test and ANOVA) tests were used to examine the differentiation according to the independent variables considered. According to the results obtained as a result of a right-way examination between the attention scale and reading speed scores in the children participating in the study, a weak positive relationship was found between the reading speed per minute and the total number score of the d2 attention test and the reading speed per minute scores were found to be significant differences between the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.
Anahtar Kelimeler reading speed attention, attention test, d2 attention test
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Online data collection: Strategies for research. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 387-393. Güneş, F. (2012). Okuma ve zihni yönetme. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(18), 1-15. Güneş, F. (2016). Kağıttan ekrana okuma alanındaki gelişmeler. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 5(1), 1-18. Hill, J. (1986). Using literature in language teaching. London: Macmillan. Hino, N. (1988). Yakudoku: Japan's Dominant Tradition in Foreign Language Learning. JALT Journal, 10 (1/2), 45-55. Honig, B. (1996). Teaching our children to read: The role of skills in a comprehensive reading program. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Hyland, K. (1990). Purpose and strategy: Teaching extensive reading skills. English Teaching Forum, 28(2), 14-18. Karaca, O. (2022). Disleksi bilişsel müdahale uygulamaları. İzmir: Yakın. Karaeloğlu, Ö. (2014). Çocuklar için anlayarak hızlı okuma. İstanbul: Fom Kitap. Karasakaloğlu, N., & Bulut, B. (2012). Kurmaca metinlerin eleştirel okuma becerisini geliştirme aracı olarak kullanılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 95-106. Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Keskin, H., & Akyol, H. (2014). Yapılandırılmış okuma yönteminin okuma hızı, doğru okuma ve sesli okuma prozodisi üzerindeki etkisi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(4), 107-119. Kettler, T. (2014). Critical thinking skills among elementary school students: Comparing identified gifted and general education student performance. Gifted Child Quarterly, 58(127), 128-136. Kırmızı, F. S. (2008). Türkçe öğretiminde yaratıcı drama yönteminin tutum ve okuduğunu anlama stratejileri üzerindeki etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(23), 95-109. Kim, T. K. (2015). T test as a parametric statistic. Korean Journal of anesthesiology, 68(6), 540-546. Kocisky, T., Schwarz, J., Blunsom, P., Dyer, C., Hermann, K. M., Melis, G., & Grefenstette, E. (2018). The narrative QA reading comprehension challenge. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 6, 317-328. Kush, J. C., Watkins, M. W., & Brookhart, S. M. (2005). The temporal-interactive influence of reading achievement and reading attitude. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(1), 29-44. Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256. Lans, W., & Van der Voordt, D. J. M. (2002). Descriptive research. In T. M. de Jong, & D. J. M. van der Voordt (Eds.), Ways to study and research urban, architectural and technical design (pp. 53-60). Delft: DUP Science. Light, T. (1970). The reading comprehension passage and a comprehensive reading program. In English language teaching (pp 120-124). Oxford: Oxford University Press. McDonalds, N. B. & Trautman, T.S. (2006). Enhancing critical reading skills with kindergartners: A study of a computer-based intervention. http://www.amered.com/docs/ReviewofEnhancingReadingSkills.pdf. McDowd, J. M. (1986). The effects of age and extended practice on divided attention performance. Journal of Gerontology, 41(6), 764-769. McHugh, M. L. (2011). Multiple comparison analysis testing in ANOVA. Biochemia Medica, 21(3), 203-209. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (2000). Report of the national reading panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: Heinemann Educational. Ogurlu, Ü. (2014). Üstün zekâlı ve yetenekli öğrencilerin okuma ilgisi, tutumu ve eleştirel okuma becerileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 15(02), 29-43. Özdemir, E. (2002). Eleştirel okuma. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi. Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. In B. S. Everitt & D. C. Howell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science (pp. 1-3). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary educational psychology, 8(3), 317-344. Rabiner, D. L., Coie, J. D., Miller-Johnson, S., Boykin, A. S. M., & Lochman, J. E. (2005). Predicting the persistence of aggressive offending of African American males from adolescence into young adulthood: The importance of peer relations, aggressive behavior, and ADHD symptoms. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 13(3), 131-140. Reynolds, M., & Besner, D. (2005). Basic processes in reading: A critical review of pseudo homophone effects in reading aloud and a new computational account. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(4), 622-646. Rucklidge, J. J. (2006). Gender differences in neuropsychological functioning of New Zealand adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Disability Development and Education, 53(1), 47-66. Sarı, M. (2001). İki dilli çocukların çözümleme yöntemiyle okuma yazma öğrenirken karşılaştıkları güçlükler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(9), 108-122. Schallert, D. L. (2017). The role of illustrations in reading comprehension. Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, 503-524. Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Understanding descriptive research designs and methods. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(1), 8-12. Somberg, B. L., & Salthouse, T. A. (1982). Divided attention abilities in young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8(5):651. Stokmans, M. J. (1999). Reading attitude and its effect on leisure time reading. Poetics, 26(4), 245-261. Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: American Chemical Society. Susser, B., & Robb, T.N. (1990). EFL extensive reading instruction: research and procedure. JALT Journal, 12(2), 161-185. Tanju, E. H. (2010). Çocuklarda kitap okuma alışkanlığına genel bir bakış. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(21), 30-39. Toker, M. Z. (1993). Visual Algı Testi D2’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Turan, S., & Şişman, M. (2000). Okul yöneticileri için standartlar: Eğitim yöneticilerinin bilgi temelleri üzerine düşünceler. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4), 68-87. Uzunkol, E. (2013). Akıcı okuma sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunların tespiti ve giderilmesine yönelik bir durum çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 70-83. Walpole, S., & McKenna, M. C. (2007). Differentiated reading instruction: Strategies for the primary grades. New York: Guilford Press. Wehby, J. H., Falk, K. B., Barton-Arwood, S., Lane, K. L., & Cooley, C. (2003). The impact of comprehensive reading instruction on the academic and social behavior of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11(4), 225-238. Weiler, M., Bernstein, J., Bellinger, D., & Waber, D. (2002). Information processing deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type, and children with reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35, 448–461. Williams, E. (1984). Reading in the language classroom. London: Macmillan. Wilson, J. D., & Casey, L. H. (2007). Understanding the recreational reading patterns of secondary students. Reading Improvement, 44(1), 40-50. Yaycı, L. (2013). D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 43-80. Yıldız, M., & Çetinkaya, E. Ö. (2017). The relationship between good reader's attention reading fluency and reading comprehension. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(3), 366-371. Yüksel, A. (2010). Okuma güçlüğü çeken bir öğrencinin okuma becerisinin geliştirilmesine yönelik bir çalışma. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 3(1), 124-134.
Çocuklarda Dikkat Düzeyi ve Okuma Hızı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 126 – 136, 27.06.2024
Sema Kumrulu Fatih Bal
Öz Bu araştırmanın genel amacı, çocuklarda dikkat ile okuma hızı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırma betimsel bir çalışma olup, araştırmada genel tarama modellerinden biri olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini, 2020–2021 öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Bakırköy ilçesine bağlı 3 ve 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören 9-12 yaş arası 350 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul ilinde Bakırköy ilçesindeki okullar örneklem seçimi çalışmasına dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Okuma Hızının Ölçümü ve D2 Dikkat Testi Ölçeği kullanılarak veri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler daha önce SPSS 25.00 programına kontrollü bir şekilde kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonra kayıp veriler incelenecektir. Kullanılan analiz türleri araştırma problemlerine göre belirlenecek ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin varlığı için Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılacaktır. Araştırmadaki değişkenlerin düzeyi betimsel istatistikler ile ortaya konacak olup ele alınan bağımsız değişkenlere göre farklılaşma durumlarını incelemek amacıyla karşılaştırma (t-testi ve ANOVA) testlerinden yararlanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan çocuklarda dikkat ölçeği ile okuma hızı puanları arasında doğru yönlü bir incelenmesi neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlara göre dakikada Okuma Hızı ile d2 dikkat testinin toplam sayı puanı arasında zayıf düzeyde pozitif yönlü ilişki ve dakikada okuma hızı puanları katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikler arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler okuma hızı, dikkat, dikkat testi
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Akıcı Okuma becerilerinin okuduğunu anlamayı yordama düzeyi. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 5(4), 394-411. Bell, T. (2001). Extensive reading: Speed and comprehension. Reading matrix, 1(1). Benesty, J., Chen, J., Huang, Y., & Cohen, I. (2009). Pearson correlation coefficient. In Noise reduction in speech processing (pp. 1-4). Berlin: Springer. Brickenkamp, R., & Zillmer, E. (1998). The d2 test of attention. Washington: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. Brown, P. & Hirst, S.B. (1983). Writing reading courses: The interrelationship of theory and practice. In C. J. Brumfit (Eds.), Language teaching projects for the third world. London: British Council. Carr, K. S. (1988). How can we teach critical thinking? Childhood Education, 65(2), 69-73. Champeau de Lopez, C. L. (1993). Developing reading speed. English Teaching Forum, 31(1), 50-51. Coady, J. (1979). A psycholinguistic model of the ESL reader. In R. Mackay, B. Barkman, & R. R. Jordon (Eds.), Reading in a second language (pp 5-12). 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Online data collection: Strategies for research. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 387-393. Güneş, F. (2012). Okuma ve zihni yönetme. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(18), 1-15. Güneş, F. (2016). Kağıttan ekrana okuma alanındaki gelişmeler. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 5(1), 1-18. Hill, J. (1986). Using literature in language teaching. London: Macmillan. Hino, N. (1988). Yakudoku: Japan's Dominant Tradition in Foreign Language Learning. JALT Journal, 10 (1/2), 45-55. Honig, B. (1996). Teaching our children to read: The role of skills in a comprehensive reading program. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Hyland, K. (1990). Purpose and strategy: Teaching extensive reading skills. English Teaching Forum, 28(2), 14-18. Karaca, O. (2022). Disleksi bilişsel müdahale uygulamaları. İzmir: Yakın. Karaeloğlu, Ö. (2014). Çocuklar için anlayarak hızlı okuma. İstanbul: Fom Kitap. Karasakaloğlu, N., & Bulut, B. (2012). Kurmaca metinlerin eleştirel okuma becerisini geliştirme aracı olarak kullanılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 95-106. Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Keskin, H., & Akyol, H. (2014). Yapılandırılmış okuma yönteminin okuma hızı, doğru okuma ve sesli okuma prozodisi üzerindeki etkisi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(4), 107-119. Kettler, T. (2014). Critical thinking skills among elementary school students: Comparing identified gifted and general education student performance. Gifted Child Quarterly, 58(127), 128-136. Kırmızı, F. S. (2008). Türkçe öğretiminde yaratıcı drama yönteminin tutum ve okuduğunu anlama stratejileri üzerindeki etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(23), 95-109. Kim, T. K. (2015). T test as a parametric statistic. Korean Journal of anesthesiology, 68(6), 540-546. Kocisky, T., Schwarz, J., Blunsom, P., Dyer, C., Hermann, K. M., Melis, G., & Grefenstette, E. (2018). The narrative QA reading comprehension challenge. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 6, 317-328. Kush, J. C., Watkins, M. W., & Brookhart, S. M. (2005). The temporal-interactive influence of reading achievement and reading attitude. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(1), 29-44. Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256. Lans, W., & Van der Voordt, D. J. M. (2002). Descriptive research. In T. M. de Jong, & D. J. M. van der Voordt (Eds.), Ways to study and research urban, architectural and technical design (pp. 53-60). Delft: DUP Science. Light, T. (1970). The reading comprehension passage and a comprehensive reading program. In English language teaching (pp 120-124). Oxford: Oxford University Press. McDonalds, N. B. & Trautman, T.S. (2006). Enhancing critical reading skills with kindergartners: A study of a computer-based intervention. http://www.amered.com/docs/ReviewofEnhancingReadingSkills.pdf. McDowd, J. M. (1986). The effects of age and extended practice on divided attention performance. Journal of Gerontology, 41(6), 764-769. McHugh, M. L. (2011). Multiple comparison analysis testing in ANOVA. Biochemia Medica, 21(3), 203-209. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (2000). Report of the national reading panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Nuttall, C. (1982). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. London: Heinemann Educational. Ogurlu, Ü. (2014). Üstün zekâlı ve yetenekli öğrencilerin okuma ilgisi, tutumu ve eleştirel okuma becerileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 15(02), 29-43. Özdemir, E. (2002). Eleştirel okuma. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi. Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. In B. S. Everitt & D. C. Howell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science (pp. 1-3). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary educational psychology, 8(3), 317-344. Rabiner, D. L., Coie, J. D., Miller-Johnson, S., Boykin, A. S. M., & Lochman, J. E. (2005). Predicting the persistence of aggressive offending of African American males from adolescence into young adulthood: The importance of peer relations, aggressive behavior, and ADHD symptoms. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 13(3), 131-140. Reynolds, M., & Besner, D. (2005). Basic processes in reading: A critical review of pseudo homophone effects in reading aloud and a new computational account. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(4), 622-646. Rucklidge, J. J. (2006). Gender differences in neuropsychological functioning of New Zealand adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Disability Development and Education, 53(1), 47-66. Sarı, M. (2001). İki dilli çocukların çözümleme yöntemiyle okuma yazma öğrenirken karşılaştıkları güçlükler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(9), 108-122. Schallert, D. L. (2017). The role of illustrations in reading comprehension. Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, 503-524. Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Understanding descriptive research designs and methods. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(1), 8-12. Somberg, B. L., & Salthouse, T. A. (1982). Divided attention abilities in young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8(5):651. Stokmans, M. J. (1999). Reading attitude and its effect on leisure time reading. Poetics, 26(4), 245-261. Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: American Chemical Society. Susser, B., & Robb, T.N. (1990). EFL extensive reading instruction: research and procedure. JALT Journal, 12(2), 161-185. Tanju, E. H. (2010). Çocuklarda kitap okuma alışkanlığına genel bir bakış. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(21), 30-39. Toker, M. Z. (1993). Visual Algı Testi D2’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Turan, S., & Şişman, M. (2000). Okul yöneticileri için standartlar: Eğitim yöneticilerinin bilgi temelleri üzerine düşünceler. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4), 68-87. Uzunkol, E. (2013). Akıcı okuma sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunların tespiti ve giderilmesine yönelik bir durum çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 70-83. Walpole, S., & McKenna, M. C. (2007). Differentiated reading instruction: Strategies for the primary grades. New York: Guilford Press. Wehby, J. H., Falk, K. B., Barton-Arwood, S., Lane, K. L., & Cooley, C. (2003). The impact of comprehensive reading instruction on the academic and social behavior of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11(4), 225-238. Weiler, M., Bernstein, J., Bellinger, D., & Waber, D. (2002). Information processing deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type, and children with reading disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35, 448–461. Williams, E. (1984). Reading in the language classroom. London: Macmillan. Wilson, J. D., & Casey, L. H. (2007). Understanding the recreational reading patterns of secondary students. Reading Improvement, 44(1), 40-50. Yaycı, L. (2013). D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 43-80. Yıldız, M., & Çetinkaya, E. Ö. (2017). The relationship between good reader's attention reading fluency and reading comprehension. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(3), 366-371. Yüksel, A. (2010). Okuma güçlüğü çeken bir öğrencinin okuma becerisinin geliştirilmesine yönelik bir çalışma. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 3(1), 124-134. Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Hafıza ve Dikkat Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Sema Kumrulu ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY, GELİŞİM VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 0000-0002-5248-7645 Türkiye
Fatih Bal SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-9974-2033 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024 Kabul Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Kumrulu, S., & Bal, F. (2024). Investigation of the Relationship Between Attention Level and Reading Speed in Children. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(2), 126-136.
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