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İRAN’DA EHL-İ HAKLARIN KUTSAL MEKÂNLARI Skip to content Yıl 2023, Sayı: 107, 57 – 73, 29.09.2023
Reyhan Rafet Can
https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.107.004
Öz Ehl-i Hak; Lurca, Goranice, Türkçe ve Farsça konuşan topluluklar arasında müntesipleri olan, senkretik inançlara, eğilimlere, geleneklere ve kutsal metinlere sahip İranlı dinî bir inançtır. Bu inancın menşei hakkında herhangi bir belge mevcut değildir, ancak Ehl-i Hak’ın İran’ın batısında kurulduğuna dair kanıtlar söz konusudur. Ehl-i Hak Lorestān ve onun kuzeyinde, Kirmanşah çevresindeki Gūrānī konuşan nüfus bölgelerinde yayılmıştır. Ehl-i Hak inancına sahip nüfusun yaklaşık 4 milyon olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nüfusun yaklaşık iki buçuk milyonu İran’da, geri kalanı ise Irak, Suriye, Türkiye ve Lübnan’dadır. Mezhebin iki ana kutsal mekânı olan, Zardeh’teki Bābā Yādigār ile Perdīvar’daki Sultan İshak’ın mezarı, Gūrānī bölgesinde yer alır. Çalışmanın temel amacı Ehl-i Hakların kutsal mekânları, İran’daki dağılımları, dinî ve inançsal özelliklerinden hareketle dinî, inançsal kutsal mekân oluşumundaki temel faktörleri ve arka planını ortaya koymaktır. Bunun için İran’daki Ehl-i Haklar ve kutsal mekânları örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada araştırma yöntemi betimsel ve analitik olup, bu amaçla kütüphane kaynakları, belgeler, haber ve ilgili web sitelerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışma literatürde, Ehl-i Hak ve onların kutsal mekânlarla ilişkilerini anlamaya ve ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışmalara katkı sağlaması bakımından önem taşır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Ehl-i Hak inancında kutsal mekânların dünyevi mekânlardan ayrı tutulduğu, hac ibadeti ile eşdeğer görüldüğü, ibadet yeri olan bu mekânların ve inancın İran’da görmezden gelinmesine rağmen içe kapanık halde inanç esasları ve ritüellerini devam ettirdikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Coğrafya, İran, Ehl-i Hak, İnanç Esasları, Kutsal Mekân
Kaynakça Adyan-İran. “Doğruların Kutsal Yerleri” ( یارسان های ایران ). Erişim 1 Şubat 2023. https://adyan-iran. com/1399/11/20/yarsan/ Adyannet-a. “Ehl-i Hak düşüncesinde Doshahi Daud Koswar” ( دوشاهی داود کوسوار در اندیشه اهل حق ). Erişim 4 Şubat 2023. https://www.adyannet.com/fa/news/24580 Adyannet-b. “Ehl-i Hak inancında Baba Haydar” ( بابا حیدر در باور اهل حق ). Erişim 25 Aralık 2022. https:// www.adyannet.com/fa/news/24492 Adyannet-c. “Ehl-i Hak inancında Seyyid Barake” ( سید براکه در باور اهل حق ). Erişim 15 Ocak 2023. https:// www.adyannet.com/fa/news/24307 Adyannet-d. “Ehl-i Hak'ın görüşüne göre Şah Hayas” ( شاه حیاس در عقیده اهل حق ). Erişim 11 Ocak 2023. https://www.adyannet.com/fa/news/24213 Adyannet-e. “Ehl-i Hak inancında yaşlı Benyamin”( پیر بنیامین در باور اهل حق ). 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HOLY PLACES IN THE AHL-I HAQQ FAITH IN IRAN Yıl 2023, Sayı: 107, 57 – 73, 29.09.2023
Reyhan Rafet Can
https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.107.004
Öz Ahl-i Haqq; It is an Iranian religious belief with syncretic beliefs, tendencies, traditions, and scriptures, with adherents among Lurca, Gorani, Turkish, and Persian-speaking communities. Ahl al-Haqq are spread in Lorestān and north of it, in the Gūrānī-speaking population areas around Kermanshah. It is estimated that the population with the belief of Ahl-i Haqq is approximately 4 million. About two and a half million of this population are in Iran, while the rest are in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Lebanon. The two main sanctuaries of the sect, the Bābā Yādigār in Zardeh and the tomb of Sultan Isaac in Perdīvar, are located in the Gūrānī region. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the basic factors and background in the formation of religious and religious holy places, based on the sacred places of the Ahl al-Haqqs, their distribution in Iran, and their religious and religious characteristics. In this study, the research method is descriptive and analytical, and library resources, documents, news and related websites were used for this purpose. This study is important in the literature in terms of contributing to studies aiming to understand and reveal the Ahl-i Haqq and their relations with holy places. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the belief of Ahl al-Haqq, the holy places are kept separate from the worldly places, they are seen as equivalent to the pilgrimage, and that these places of worship and belief, despite being ignored in Iran, continue their belief principles and rituals in an introverted state.
Anahtar Kelimeler Geography,, Iran,, Ahl-i Haqq,, Principles of Faith,, Sacred Place,
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Erişim 27 Ocak 2023. http://kurdanyarsan.blogspot.com/search?updatedmax= 2014-04-23T03:26:00-07:00&max-results=100&reverse-paginate=true Küçükkalfa, Ahmet. “Ali İlâhiler: Ali İlâhı İnancı ve Seyyid İnayed Öyküleri Üzerine Röportaj (2014)”. Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 20 (2019), 275-300. Lahzeakar. “Zarde Köyü” ( معرفی روستای زرده ). Erişim 4 Ocak 2023. https://lahzeakhar.com/Touristattractions- full-information/25326 Minorsky, Vladimir. “The Sect of Ahl-i Haqq”, Iranica Twenty Articles. Çev. Ayşe Çetiner. Dans Müzik Kültür Folklora Doğru 66 (1964), 5-20. Minorskyi, V.F. “Materialy dlya izuçeniya persidskoy sekti Lyudi istiny ili Ali-Ilahi”. 1911:Moskva (Минорский В.Ф. Материалы для изуения персидской секты люди истины или Али-Илахи [Текст] /В.Ф.Минорский Ч.I.- Москва, 1911) Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. “Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-i Haqq of Kurdistan”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 26/2 (1994), 267-285. Moghadam, Alireza Zahedi. “History of Western Academic Reaserchs on Yārsān 1836-2020”, Nûbihar Akademî, 17 (2022), 117-126, Moradi, Adnan. “Dawood Koswar mahkemesi”( بارگاه داوود کوسوار – نمای ایران ). İranview. Erişim 10 Ocak 2023. https://www.iranview.ir/post/16118/ Musalı, Namiq. Rus Oryantalistlerine Göre Ehl-i Haklar, İstanbul: Önsöz Yayınları, 2013. Nche, Che Eugene. “Sacred Spaces In Contemporary Relıgıon: Environmental and Economic Aspects”. Erişim 2 Şubat 2023. https://www.academia.edu/39816198/SACRED_SPACES_IN_CONTEMPORARY_ RELIGION_Environmental_and_Economic_Aspects_Nche_Eugene_Che Narçın Demir, Naile Gül. Türbe Ziyaretleri ve Manevi Destek İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Aziz Mahmut Hüdai Türbesi Örneği. İstanbul: İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2021. Nejad, Zehra Salih. “Zerde köyü; En çok tarihi esere ve kimyasal saldırılarda yaralanan insanlara sahip bir köy” ( روستای زرده؛ روستایی با بیشترین آثار تاریخی و مردمانی مجروح از حملات شیمیایی ). Kojaro. Erişim 6 Şubat 2023. https://www.kojaro.com/2016/10/10/122536/vilage-zardeh/ Özdemir, Ali Rıza. “Alevilik ve Ehl-İ Hak (Yaresan): Benzerlikler ve Farklılıklar”. Alevilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/10 (2015), 253-286. Özdemir, Urum Ulaş. Bir Halk Çalgısının Sosyal ve Kültürel Kimlik Bağlamında İncelenmesi: Ehl-İ Hak’ın Kutsal Sazı Tanbur. İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009. Park, C. “Religion and geography”. Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion ed. J. Hinnells, 1-29, London, 2004. Rawlinson, Henry C. ‘’Notes on a March from Zoháb, at the foot of Zagros, along the mountains to Khúzistán (Susiana), and from thence through the province of Luristan to Kirmánsháh, in the year 1836’’. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 9, (1839), 26-116. Sanjabi, Jonas. “Yarsan and their beliefs, learn more about Yarsan in Iran”. Yarsan Democratic Organization. Erişim 7 Ocak 2023. http://www.yarsanmedia.org/ku/?p=3084 Soltani, Muhammet Ali. “Serencam, Velâyetnâme ve Buyruk’ta Alevilerin Ortak İnançları”, Alevilik- Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16, (2017), 247-323. Stoddard, Robert H.-Prorok, Carolyn V., “Geography of Religion and Belief Systems”, Geography Faculty Publications, 35, (2003), 259-267. Şems, İsmail. Sultan İshak. The Centre for The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia. Erişim 3 Şubat 2023. https:// www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/257691/ Tasvirezendegi. “Kermanshah'daki Babayadgar Mezarı” ( تصويريزيندگي. آرامگاه بابایادگر کرمانشاه ). Erişim 27 Aralık 2022. https://www.tasvirezendegi.com/ /آرامگاه-بابایادگار-کرمانشاه Taşğın, Ahmet. “Ehlihaklar ve Kelamlarında Hacı Bektaş”. Yedi İklim Çar Köşede Hacı Bektaş Veli. ed. Ahmet Taşğın vd. 91-121. Netherlands: Sota Yayınları, 2022. Taşğın, Ahmet. Irak’ta Mezhep Çatışmaları Arasında Alevîler ve Bektaşîler. İstanbul: Önsöz Yayıncılık, 2012. Tarduş, İbrahim. 19. Yüzyıl İngiliz Seyahatnamelerinde Kürtler. Diyarbakır: Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kürt Dili ve Kültürü Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 2020. Telci, İsmail Numan. “Bir Etno-Dini İnanış Olarak İran’daki Yarsan İnancı: Tarihi, Esasları ve Bugünkü Durumu”. e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/2 (2017), 435-454. The Ahl Haqq (People of the Truth) and legends of King Yazdigird. Qal‘Eh-I Yazdıgırd. Erişim 2 Ocak 2023. https://qalehyazdigird.artsci.utoronto.ca/?page_id=822 Turay, Esra Doğan. “İran Alevileri ve Ehl-i Haklar’da Kadın, Kirmanşah Baba Yadigar'da Riyazette Bulunan Kadınlar”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi (SBARD) 14/28 (2016), 155-185. U.S.Departmant of State. 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran. USA: Offıce of Internatıonal Relıgıous Freedom, 2021. Erişim 25 Ocak 2023. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020- report-on-international-religious-freedom/iran/ Valı, Shahab. “Yarsan ve Yezidi Kürtlerin Yazılı Edebiyatı”. Kürt Tarihi Dergisi 11 (2014), 1-10. Gall, Hubertus von. “Dokkān-E Dāwūd”. Encyclopaedia Iranica. VII/474-474. New York: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, 2013. Viktorovna, Yanechek Yelena. Verouchenıye Akhl-Ye Khakk («Lyudı Istıny») V Kontekste Kurdskogo Etnosa (Вероучение Ахл-Е Хакк («Люди Истины») В Контексте Курдского Этноса). Sank- Petersburg: Sank Peterburgskıy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet, Magisterskaya Dissertatsiya, 2017. West, Brandon. Dukkan-e Daud: The Tomb of King David in Iran? Project Global Awakening. Erişim 3 Şubat 2023. https://www.projectglobalawakening.com/dukkan-e-daud-the-crypt-of-king-davidin- iran/ Yaşar, Mahmut. Bir Yezdâni inancı: Yaresan Tarikatı. Mecra. Erişim 25 Ocak 2023 https://www.gzt.com/ mecra/bir-yezdni-inanci-yaresan-tarikati-3487634 Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Reyhan Rafet Can OSMANİYE KORKUT ATA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KADİRLİ SOSYAL VE BEŞERİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, COĞRAFYA BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0003-2280-9268 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2023 Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 107
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Can, Reyhan Rafet. “İRAN’DA EHL-İ HAKLARIN KUTSAL MEKÂNLARI”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 107 (Eylül 2023), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.60163/hbv.107.004.
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