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İSHAK Skip to content Hz. İbrâhim’in oğlu, Kur’an’da adı geçen peygamberlerden biri.
Hz. İbrâhim’in Sâre adlı eşinden oğlu olan İshâk Tevrat ve Kur’an’da adı geçen bir peygamberdir, yahudilerin İbrâhim’den sonra ikinci atasıdır ve yaklaşık olarak milâttan önce XIX-XVIII. yüzyıllarda yaşamıştır. İshak isminin Arapça sahak kökünden geldiği yolundaki görüş gerek klasik Arap dilcileri gerekse çağdaş araştırmacılarca reddedilmiş, kelimenin aslının İbrânîce olduğu belirtilmiştir (Lisânü’l-ʿArab , “sḥḳ” md.; Mevhûb b. Ahmed el-Cevâlîkī, s. 13-14; Jeffery, s. 60). İbrânîce’de Yishak, Grekçe’de İsaak şeklindedir. İbrânîce aslının Arapça’ya baştaki “y” olmaksızın İshak olarak geçmesi hıristiyan menşeini düşündürmektedir. Josef Horovitz’e göre İshak biçimi, Süryânî ve Filistin Hıristiyanlığı’nda da olduğu gibi İbrânîce’deki Yishak’a tekabül eder. Ancak Talmud’da İsak şeklinin mevcudiyeti, milâttan sonra IV. yüzyıl Babilonya yahudilerinde kelimenin bu şeklinin de kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Torrey ise Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’teki Yisrael, Yişmal, Yishak gibi kelimelerin Kur’an Arapçası’na “y”siz geçtiğini, bunun da Araplar’daki lehçe farklılığından kaynaklandığını ifade etmektedir.
İshak kelimesi İbrânîce’de “gülmek” anlamındaki sahak kökünden olup “O gülüyor” mânasına gelmektedir. Bir çocuğu olacağı müjdesini aldığında İbrâhim’in (Tekvîn, 17/17) veya Sâre’nin (18/12-15) gülmesiyle İshak adının verilmesi arasında bağlantı kurulmakta ve bu husus kelimenin bu anlama gelişinin bir açıklaması diye gösterilmekte, ancak bunlar halk etimolojisi ve yakıştırma olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kelime, genellikle kabul edildiğine göre Tanrı adı taşıyan bir ismin (Yishakel) kısaltılmış biçimidir (IDB , II, 728). “El (Tanrı) güldü” veya “Tanrı (çocuğa) tebessüm etti” anlamına gelmektedir. “El’in gülmesi” ifadesine milâttan evvel XIV. yüzyıl öncesi Ken‘ân metinlerinde de rastlanmaktadır (Cazelles, Catholicisme , VI, 114; New Catholic Encyclopedia , s. 661). İshak ismi, öznesi olan El’in düşmesiyle yapılmış şefkat ifade eden bir kelimedir. Ugarit metinleri “shk” fiilini yapan El’den bahsetmektedir (DBS , VII, 130). Kelime Ahd-i Atîk’te hem Yishak hem de Yitshak şeklinde geçmektedir.
Tevrat’ta nakledildiğine göre Hz. İbrâhim ve eşi Sâre’nin çocukları olmaz. İbrâhim’in bu duruma üzülmesi ve çocuk istemesi üzerine Rab ona çocuğunun olacağını ve zürriyetinin semanın yıldızları gibi çoğalacağını müjdeler (Tekvîn, 15/2-5). Ancak Sâre’nin yine de çocuğu olmayınca dönemin âdeti gereği câriyesi Hâcer’i kocasına verir ve İbrâhim’in Hâcer’den İsmâil adlı oğlu doğar (Tekvîn, 16/1-4; 15-16). Daha sonra Hz. İbrâhim doksan dokuz, Sâre seksen dokuz yaşında iken Allah, Sâre’nin de bir çocuk doğuracağı müjdesini verir (Tekvîn, 17/1, 17). İbrâhim bunu duyunca yüz üstü düşer, güler ve kendi kendine, “Yüz yaşında olanın bir oğlu doğar mı? Ve doksan yaşında olan Sâre doğurur mu?” diye söylenir. Allah, Sâre’nin bir erkek çocuk doğuracağını bildirir, doğacak çocuğa İshak adının konmasını ister, onunla ve ondan sonra zürriyetiyle ahdini ebedî ahid olarak sabit kılacağını açıklar (Tekvîn, 17/17-19).
Ruhban metninde (Tekvîn, 17) bu şekilde nakledilen hadise Yahvist metne ait olan on sekizinci babda şöyle anlatılmaktadır: Hz. İbrâhim, Mamre meşeliğinde günün sıcağında otururken yanına üç kişi gelir. Bunlardan biri Tanrı, diğerleri ise Lût kavmini cezalandırmak üzere Sodom şehrine gidecek olan iki melektir. Gelenler İbrâhim’e karısı Sâre’nin nerede olduğunu sorarlar. İbrâhim onun çadırda bulunduğunu söyler ve içlerinden biri (Rab) Sâre’nin bir oğlu olacağını bildirir. İbrâhim ve Sâre yaşlanmışlar, Sâre âdetten kesilmiştir. Çadırın kapısında konuşmaları dinleyen Sâre, “İhtiyar olduktan sonra bana sevinç olur mu? Efendim de kocamıştır” diyerek içinden güler. İbrâhim’e kendisi için imkânsız bir şeyin bulunmadığını söyleyen Rab, ertesi yıl geleceğini ve Sâre’nin bir oğlu olacağını söyler (Tekvîn, 18/1-15). Nihayet Sâre’nin bir oğlu olur; İbrâhim, Rabb’in buyruğu uyarınca çocuğun adını İshak (Yitshak) koyar (Tekvîn, 21/1-3). İshak, aile Harran’dan göç ettikten yirmi beş yıl sonra doğmuş (Tekvîn, 12/4), Hz. İbrâhim onu sekiz günlük iken sünnet etmiştir (Tekvîn, 21/4; Resullerin İşleri, 7/8). Yahudi din bilginleri, babası Abram’ın adının Abraham (İbrâhim), Ya‘kūb adının da İsrâil olarak değiştiğini, İshak adının bizzat Tanrı tarafından verildiği için değişmediğini ifade ederler (DB , III/1, s. 930).
İshak’ın çocukluğu ve gençliğiyle ilgili olarak Tevrat’ta sadece iki hadise yer alır. İlkine göre İshak sütten kesildikten sonra İbrâhim’in verdiği ziyafet esnasında İsmâil kardeşi İshak’a güldüğü için Sâre onun evden uzaklaştırılmasını ister. Tanrı ona, “Sâre’nin sana söylediği her şeyde onun sözünü dinle; çünkü senin zürriyetin İshak’ta çağrılacaktır” dediği için Hz. İbrâhim, İsmâil ile annesi Hâcer’i oradan uzaklaştırır (Tekvîn, 21/8-14; 25/9-11). Tevrat’a göre İsmâil ile İshak tekrar babalarının cenazesinde bir araya gelirler (Tekvîn, 25/9-10). İkinci olay da onun kurban edilmek istenmesiyle ilgilidir. Tevrat’a göre kurban edilmek istenen İshak’tır. Onun bu esnada kaç yaşında olduğu belli değilse de kurban takdimesinde nelerin gerekli olduğunu bildiğine ve yakılan kurban takdimesi için odun taşıyabildiğine göre (Tekvîn, 22/6) delikanlılık çağında bulunmalıdır. Yahudi tarihçi Josephus’un dediğine göre İshak yirmi beş, rabbilerin hesabına göre de otuz yedi yaşına geldiğinde (EJd. , II, 482) Allah, İbrâhim’i denemek için sevdiği biricik oğlu İshak’ı Moriya diyarına götürüp bir dağ üzerinde yakılan kurban olarak takdim etmesini emreder (Tekvîn, 22/1-2). İbrâhim bu emir üzerine İshak’la beraber iki uşağını da yanına alarak Moriya diyarına gider. Yolda İshak babasına kurban edilecek kuzuyu sorar. Babası kuzuyu Allah’ın tedarik edeceğini söyler. Belirtilen yere vardıklarında ve İbrâhim İshak’ı kesmeye teşebbüs ettiğinde Rabb’in meleği müdahale eder, imtihanı başardığını bildirerek İshak’ın yerine kurban edilmek üzere bir koç verir. İbrâhim bu imtihanda başarılı olduğu için mübarek kılınır, zürriyetinin çoğaltılacağı müjdelenir (Tekvîn, 22/1-19).
İshak’ın kurban edilme kıssası (Tekvîn, 22/1-19) Elohist metnin anlatım sanatının güzel bir örneğidir. İman ve mutlak itaat bu kıssanın hâkim unsurlarıdır (IDB , II, 729). Yahudi bilginleri, Hz. İbrâhim’in bu emri ifaya hazır oluşunu ve itaatini övgüyle anarlar. Onun Tanrı tarafından istendiği için oğlunun ölümünü kabul etmesi hadisesi, şeriatı çiğnemektense ölmeyi tercih eden pek çok yahudiye örnek teşkil etmiştir (Dictionnaire encyclopedique du Judaïsme , s. 549).
Sâre’nin ölümünden sonra (Tekvîn, 23/1-2) yaşı bir hayli ilerlemiş olan Hz. İbrâhim, İshak’ı evlendirmek ister, bu işle görevlendirdiği kölesi Eliezer’i asıl memleketine (Tevrat’a göre Harran) gönderir. Eliezer, İbrâhim’in kardeşi Nahor’un oğlu Betuel’in kızı Rebeka’yı getirir ve İshak Rebeka ile evlenir. Bu sırada İshak kırk yaşındadır (Tekvîn, 24/1-10, 15; 25/20). Hz. İbrâhim 175 yaşında vefat eder, oğulları İsmâil ve İshak tarafından defnedilir. Allah, İbrâhim’in ölümünden sonra oğlu İshak’ı mübarek kılar (Tekvîn, 25/7-11).
İshak Gerar (Tekvîn, 26/1, 17), Beer-şeba (Tekvîn, 21/32; 22/19; 26/23, 33; 28/10) ve Beer-Lahai-Roi’de (Tekvîn, 24/62; 25/11) yarı göçebe bir hayat sürer. Bölgede kıtlık baş gösterince Mısır’a gitmek isterse de Rab buna izin vermez. Bunun üzerine hanımı Rebeka’yı da alarak kuzeydeki Gerar’a, Filistîler’in kralı Abimelek’e gider. Tanrı orada oturmasını ister. Tıpkı babasının vaktiyle Mısır’da yaptığı gibi o da burada hanımı Rebeka’yı kız kardeşi olarak takdim eder.
İsrâil’in diğer atalarının aksine ziraatla meşgul olan İshak’ın serveti gibi ailesi de çoğalır. Filistîler’in kendisini kıskanmaları ve ülkeyi terketmesini istemeleri üzerine Beer-şeba’ya gider (Tekvîn, 26/1-23). Rab kendisine görünerek onu mübarek kılacağını, zürriyetini çoğaltacağını müjdeler. İshak orada bir mezbah yapar ve Rabb’in ismini çağırır (Tekvîn, 26/24-33).
Evlenmelerinin üzerinden yirmi yıl geçtikten sonra İshak’ın duası üzerine Rebeka hamile kalıp ikiz doğurur. Çocuklardan ilk doğana Esav, diğerine Ya‘kūb adı verilir. İshak Esav’ı, Rebeka ise Ya‘kūb’u daha çok sevmektedir (Tekvîn, 25/19-28). İshak iyice yaşlanıp gözleri görmez olunca Esav’ı çağırarak kendisinden av eti ister ve onu mübarek kılacağını söyler. Bunu duyan Rebeka ve Ya‘kūb, Esav’ı kıskanarak aleyhinde bir komplo hazırlarlar. İshak da Esav zannederek Ya‘kūb’u mübarek kılar. Ya‘kūb’a Ken‘ân kızlarından kadın almamasını, dayısı Laban’ın kızlarından biriyle evlenmesini öğütler (Tekvîn, 27/1-28/5). İshak, Hebron’da 180 yaşında vefat eder, Esav ve Ya‘kūb tarafından İbrâhim, Sâre ve Rebeka’nın kabirlerinin bulunduğu Makpela mağarasına defnedilir (Tekvîn, 35/27-29).
Hz. İbrâhim ile oğlu İshak’ın Tevrat’ta verilen hayat hikâyeleri arasında büyük benzerlikler vardır. Meselâ ikisi de kıtlık sebebiyle başka bir yere göç eder, öldürülme endişesiyle eşlerini kız kardeşleri olarak tanıtır. İkisinin de hanımı kısırdır, ikisi de çocuk sahibi olmak için Rabb’e yalvarırlar. Bu benzerlikler bazılarını, İshak’ın hayat hikâyesinin babasının hikâyesinden kopya edildiği veya aksine İshak’ın hikâyesinin babası için bir örnek oluşturduğu düşüncesine sevketmiştir. Benzerliklerin bulunuşu aynı çevrede yaşama, aynı dostluk ve ittifakların kurulması ile izah edilmekte, bunların yanında önemli farklılıklar olduğu da belirtilmektedir. Meselâ İshak babası kadar çok evlât sahibi olmamış, onun kadar çok göç etmemiş, ondan daha uzun yaşamıştır. Yahudi kutsal kitabında ve yahudi düşüncesinde İshak babası İbrâhim’e vâris olduğu, kurban edilmek istendiği ve tam bir teslimiyetle bunu kabul ettiği için birtakım üstün niteliklerle tavsif edilmiştir.
Tevrat’ın dışındaki yahudi dinî literatüründe de İshak’la ilgili rivayetler yer almaktadır. Bu kaynaklara göre İshak, Paskalya bayramının birinci günü doğmuştur. Bu doğum sırasında başka birçok kısır kadın da çocuk sahibi olmuş, güneş sadece Mesîhî dönemde olacağı gibi görülmedik şekilde parlamıştır. İftiracıların, İbrâhim’in baba oluşunu sorgulayıp İshak’ı Abimelek’e nisbet etmelerine cevap olarak İshak tam babasının şeklinde yaratılmıştır. Adı daha doğmadan Tanrı tarafından verilmiştir. İsrâiloğulları’nın adı değişmeyen tek atasıdır.
İshak, kurban edileceği sırada elinde olmadan direnerek babasının kurbanını geçersiz kılmaması için ondan kendisini iyice bağlamasını istemiştir. İbrâhim bıçağı çıkardığında melekler ağlamış, onların göz yaşları İshak’ın gözlerine düşmüş ve daha sonra körlüğüne sebep olmuştur. İshak’ın körlüğünün sebebiyle ilgili başka rivayetler de vardır.
Bir rivayete göre kurban esnasında İbrâhim, İshak’tan hayatın özünü sembolize eden bir miktar kan akıtmıştır. Bir başka anlatıma göre İbrâhim bıçağı kaldırdığında İshak yaşadığı korkunun neticesinde hayatını kaybetmiş ve oğlunu kurban etmemesi yönünde İbrâhim’i uyaran ilâhî bir sesle tekrar diriltilmiştir.
Kurban etme hadisesi, yahudi dinî kültüründe bütün tövbe ve pişmanlık dualarının ana temasını oluşturmuştur. İshak, zürriyeti için en çok şefkat ve merhamet duyan ata olarak da tasvir edilmiştir. Günah işlediklerinde onların affı için yalvarmıştır ve, “Çünkü babamız sensin, İbrâhim bizi bilmez, İsrâil bizi tanımazsa da …” (İşaya, 63/16) ifadesi ona uyarlanmıştır.
Yahudilik’teki öğleden sonra ibadetinin (minhah) İshak tarafından tesis edildiği kabul edilmektedir. İbrâhim gibi o da emirlere uymuş, bu dünyada Tanrı’nın bilinmesini sağlamıştır. İshak, daha bu dünyada iken gelecek dünyayı tadan üç kişiden, ölüm meleğinin güç yetiremediği altı kişiden, cesetleri kurtlar tarafından yenilmeyen yedi kişiden ve kötülüğe meylin tesir etmediği üç kişiden biridir (EJd. , IX, 4-5).
İshak’la ilgili edebî eserlerin çoğunda onun kurban edilmesi konusu ağırlıktadır. Sanatta tasvir edilen temel sahneler ise İshak’ın kurban edilişi, Eliezer ve Rebeka’nın görüşmesi, İshak ve Rebeka’nın evliliği ve Ya‘kūb ile Esav’ın takdisidir. Ortaçağ hıristiyan ikonografisinde İshak Îsâ ile, Rebeka da bâkire Meryem ile eşit sayılmıştır.
Ahd-i Cedîd’de İshak, Mesîh’in bir örneği ve önceden canlandırılması olarak görülür. Pavlus bazı mektuplarında İsmâil ve İshak’ın Eski ve Yeni Ahid’i, hıristiyanları ve yahudileri temsil ettiğini belirtmektedir. Ahd-i Cedîd’de, İshak’ın kurban edilişiyle insanlığın günahına kefâret olmak üzere Îsâ’nın kurban edilişi ve tekrar dirilişi arasında paralellik kurulur. Kilise babaları bu benzetmeleri daha da ileri götürürler. Onlara göre İshak’ın kısır bir kadından doğması bâkireden doğumun önceden canlandırılmasıdır. Diğer taraftan onlar, İshak’ın kurban edilişiyle Îsâ’nın çarmıhta kurban edilmesi arasında da benzerlikler kurmaktadırlar. Her ikisi de Tanrı’dan gelen ölüm emrine itaat etmiş, ölüme galebe çalmıştır. Îsâ’nın başkasının yerine ölümü İshak yerine koçun verilmesiyle karşılaştırılır. Koç bedenin görünen kurbanını, İshak ise ebedî kelâmı (Mesîh) temsil etmektedir. Kilise babaları İshak ile Rebeka’nın evliliklerini sembolik olarak yorumlamışlar ve Rebeka’nın kiliseyi temsil ettiğini söylemişlerdir (a.g.e. , IX, 4-6).
Kur’an’da İshak kelimesi on yedi yerde geçmektedir. Altı yerde İbrâhim, İsmâil ve İshak sıralamasıyla (el-Bakara 2/133, 136, 140; Âl-i İmrân 3/84; en-Nisâ 4/163; İbrâhîm 14/39), bir yerde Hz. İbrâhim’e (es-Sâffât 37/112), bir yerde Sâre’ye müjdelenmesi (Hûd 11/71) şeklinde, dokuz yerde ise İsmâil zikredilmeden İbrâhim’e İshak ve Ya‘kūb’un verilişi, İbrâhim, İshak ve Ya‘kūb sıralamasıyla (el-En‘âm 6/84; Hûd 11/71; Yûsuf 12/6, 38; Meryem 19/49; el-Enbiyâ 21/72; el-Ankebût 29/27; es-Sâffât 37/113; Sâd 38/45) zikredilmektedir. Kur’an’a göre Hz. İbrâhim, putperest kavmi tarafından ateşe atıldıktan (el-Enbiyâ 21/68; es-Sâffât 37/97) ve ilâhî yardımla kurtulduktan sonra kavmini terkederek bereketli diyara ulaştırılır (el-Enbiyâ 21/70-71). İbrâhim sâlihlerden bir evlât vermesi için Allah’a dua eder (es-Sâffât 37/100). Duası kabul edilir ve kendisine uslu bir erkek çocuk müjdelenir. Bu çocuk belli bir yaşa gelince İbrâhim’den oğlunu kurban etmesi istenir. Baba ve oğul emre uyarlar ve imtihanı başarırlar. Karşılığında kurban edilecek oğul yerine büyük bir kurbanlık koç verilir, kendilerine iyi bir nam bırakılır ve sâlihlerden bir peygamber olmak üzere İshak müjdelenir. Kendisi ve İshak mübarek kılınır (es-Sâffât 37/101-113). Bu ifadelerden İshak’ın Hz. İbrâhim’in ilk çocuğu olmadığı, ilk çocuğunu kurban etme imtihanını başarıyla verdiği için ikinci çocuğu olarak müjdelendiği ve onun peygamber kılındığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Tevrat’ta olduğu gibi Kur’an’a göre de Hz. İbrâhim çocuğu olmadığı için Allah’a yalvarıp çocuk istemiş (es-Sâffât 37/100), ilerlemiş yaşında çocuk sahibi olmuştur (İbrâhîm 14/39). Kur’an’da Hz. İbrâhim bu durumu ifade ederken, “İhtiyar halimde bana İsmâil’i ve İshak’ı lutfeden Allah’a hamdolsun” demekte, buradan ikinci çocuğun İshak olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kur’an’da ayrıca Tevrat’ta olduğu gibi Hz. İbrâhim’in misafirleri kıssası da yer almakta, bu çerçevede İshak’ın müjdelenmesi söz konusu edilmektedir. İbrâhim’e gelen Allah elçileri (melekler) o esnada ayakta olan ve gülen Sâre’ye İshak’ı, ardından da Ya‘kūb’u müjdelerler. Sâre’nin, “Olacak şey değil, ben bir kocakarı, bu kocam da bir ihtiyar iken çocuk mu doğuracağım? Bu gerçekten şaşılacak bir şey!” demesi üzerine melekler, “Allah’ın emrine şaşıyor musun? Ey hâne halkı, Allah’ın rahmeti ve bereketi sizin üzerinizedir” diye cevap verirler (Hûd 11/69-73).
Kur’an’da üç yerde (Meryem 19/49; el-Enbiyâ 21/72; el-Ankebût 29/27), Hz. İbrâhim’in putperest kavminden ayrılışından sonra kendisine İshak’ın bağışlandığı ifade edilmekte, peygamberlik ve kitapların onların soyundan gelenlere verildiği bildirilmektedir. İshak Kur’an’da ayrıca Hz. Yûsuf’un atası olarak zikredilir (Yûsuf 12/6, 38). Ya‘kūb’un sorusu üzerine oğulları, “Senin ve atalarının İbrâhim, İsmâil ve İshak’ın ilâhı olan tek Allah’a kulluk edeceğiz” demişler (el-Bakara 2/133), müslümanlardan, “Biz Allah’a ve bize indirilene, İbrâhim, İsmâil, İshak, Ya‘kūb ve esbâta indirilene, Mûsâ ve Îsâ’ya verilenlerle, rableri tarafından diğer peygamberlere verilenlere, onlardan hiçbiri arasında fark gözetmeksizin inandık ve biz sadece Allah’a teslim olduk” demeleri istenmiştir (el-Bakara 2/136). İshak’ın yahudi ve hıristiyan olmadığı da belirtilmiştir (el-Bakara 2/140).
Kur’an’da İshak’a vahiy gönderildiği (en-Nisâ 4/163), hidayete erdirildiği (el-En‘âm 6/84), sâlihlerden olduğu (el-Enbiyâ 21/72), mübarek kılındığı (es-Sâffât 37/113), doğumunun müjdelendiği (Hûd 11/71; es-Sâffât 37/112), onun ilâhî bir bağış olduğu (el-En‘âm 6/84; İbrâhîm 14/39; Meryem 19/49; el-Enbiyâ 21/72; el-Ankebût 29/27) bildirilmektedir.
Tevrat’ta Hz. İbrâhim’in İshak’ı kurban etmek istediği ismen açık olarak ifade edilirken Kur’an’da isim belirtilmemiş, bu sebeple İbrâhim’in hangi oğlunu kurban etmek istediği hususunda görüş ayrılığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Müslümanların çoğunluğu kurban edilmek istenenin İsmâil olduğunu kabul ederken sahâbeden Hz. Ömer ve Ali, sonraki nesillerden Kâ‘b el-Ahbâr, Saîd b. Cübeyr, Ebü’l-Hüzeyl el-Allâf, Zührî, Süddî, Taberî, İbn Kuteybe gibi âlimler İshak’ın kurban edilmek istendiğine kanidirler. Abdullah b. Mes‘ûd da İshak peygamberden “zebîhullah” diye söz eder. İslâmî kaynaklarda Hz. Yûsuf’un Mısır kralına, “Benimle beraber yemek yemek mi istiyorsun? Ben, İbrâhim Halîlullah’ın oğlu İshak Zebîhullah’ın oğlu Ya‘kūb Nebiyyullah’ın oğluyum” dediği rivayet edilir. Bazı kaynaklarda (meselâ bk. Sa‘lebî, s. 92-93) İshak’ın kurban edilişiyle ilgili birçok hadis rivayet edilirse de bunların hiçbiri sahih hadis mecmualarında bulunmamaktadır. Bu son kaynaklardaki hadislerde Hz. İshak sadece ismen zikredilmektedir.
Kur’an ve hadisler dışındaki İslâmî kaynaklara göre Sâre, Hz. İbrâhim’in amcası Harran’ın (Süddî’nin nakline göre Harran melikinin) kızıdır. Lût kavmini helâk etmekle görevli melekler Allah’ın emriyle İbrâhim’e uğrayıp ona ve Sâre’ye bir çocukları olacağını müjdeleyince bunu duyan Sâre gülmüş ve Cebrâil’e bu işin olabilmesinin alâmetini sormuştur. Cebrâil eline kuru bir dal alıp parmakları arasında yuvarlamış, neticede dal yeşermiştir. Bunun üzerine Hz. İbrâhim, “O doğacak çocuk Allah’a kurbandır” demiştir. İshak, Esav ve Ya‘kūb’un doğumlarından sonra 100 yıl daha yaşamış, 170 yaşında vefat etmiştir. Çocukları onu babası İbrâhim’in yanına defnetmişlerdir (a.g.e. , s. 81-102). İslâmî kaynaklarda geçen İshak’la ilgili bilgiler yahudi kaynaklarındakilerle büyük benzerlik gösterir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
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Dictionnaire encyclopedique du Judaïsme (ed. G. Wigoder v.dğr.), Paris 1993, s. 90-92, 548-549.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2000 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 22. cildinde, 519-521 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.