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KADİR GECESİ Skip to content Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in indirildiği mübarek gece.
1/2 Müellif: M. SAİT ÖZERVARLI Bölüme Git
Sözlükte kadir (kadr) kelimesi “hüküm, şeref, güç, yücelik” gibi anlamlara gelir. Dinî literatürde ise “leyletü’l-Kadr” şeklinde Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in ind…
2/2 Müellif: MUSTAFA İSMET UZUN Bölüme Git
Edebiyat ve Sosyal Hayat. Kadir gecesinin Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve hadislerde ifadesini bulan önemi, bu gecede yapılan ibadet ve duaların kabul edileceğine, …
Sözlükte kadir (kadr ) kelimesi “hüküm, şeref, güç, yücelik” gibi anlamlara gelir. Dinî literatürde ise “leyletü’l-Kadr” şeklinde Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in indirildiği gecenin adı olarak kullanılır. Aynı adı taşıyan 97. sûre bu gecenin fazileti hakkında nâzil olmuştur. Sûrede Kur’an’ın Kadir gecesinde indirildiği ve sözü edilen gecenin bin aydan daha hayırlı olduğu belirtilir. Müfessirler hayırlı olanın bu gecede yapılan amel olduğunu, bin ayın ise içinde Kadir gecesinin bulunmadığı bir süreyi ifade ettiğini belirtirler (Taberî, XV, 339). Ancak genel bir rakam konumunda bulunması ve ism-i tafdîlden sonra gelmesi dikkate alınarak bu sayının çokluktan kinaye olabileceğini söylemek de mümkündür (Mâtürîdî, vr. 895b ; Mevdûdî, VII, 187). Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in başka âyetlerinde de bin ve elli bin yıla tekabül eden “gün” kavramı kullanılmaktadır (es-Secde 32/5; el-Meâric 70/4).
Allah’ın insanlara peygamberler vasıtasıyla son hitabı ve nihaî mesajı olan Kur’an’ı indirmesi insanlığın hidayetinde bir dönüm noktası teşkil ettiği için bu olayın gerçekleştiği gece özel bir anlam taşır. Kadir gecesinin önemine işaret eden bir hadiste, önceki ümmetlerin uzun ömürlü olmaları sebebiyle fazla sevap kazanma imkânına sahip bulunmalarına karşılık müslümanlara Kadir gecesinin verildiği belirtilir (el-Muvaṭṭaʾ , “İʿtikâf”, 15). Kadr sûresinde bildirildiğine göre bu gecede Allah’ın izniyle melekler ve Cebrâil yeryüzüne iner ve gece boyunca yeryüzüne barış ve esenlik hâkim olur.
Kadr sûresinde verilen bilgiler, Kur’an’ın ramazan ayında (el-Bakara 2/185) ve bütün hikmetli işlerin kararlaştırıldığı mübarek bir gecede (ed-Duhân 44/3-4) indirildiğine dair âyetlerle birlikte ele alındığında Kadir gecesinin ramazan ayı içinde bulunduğu sonucu ortaya çıkar. Bu gecenin daha çok ramazanın son on veya yedi günündeki tekli gecelerde aranması gerektiğine dair hadisler (Buhârî, “Fażlü leyleti’l-Ḳadr”, 2-3; Müslim, “Ṣıyâm”, 205-220) gecenin tesbitiyle ilgili bazı ipuçları vermektedir. Bu hususta sahâbeden gelen rivayetlerde en çok ramazanın 27. gecesi öne çıkıyorsa da (Müslim, “Ṣalâtü’l-müsâfirîn”, 179-180, “Ṣıyâm”, 220-221; Ebû Dâvûd, “Şehru Ramażân”, 2, 6; Tirmizî, “Ṣavm”, 72) bu rivayetler ihtilâflı olduğundan kesinlik ifade etmemektedir. Bazı nakillerde Hz. Peygamber’in Kadir gecesinin vaktini haber vermeye teşebbüs ettiği, ancak o sırada bir konuda anlaşmazlığa düşen iki sahâbînin Resûlullah’a başvurması üzerine buna fırsat bulamadığı, daha sonra da konunun zihninden silindiği bildirilir (Buhârî, “Fażlü leyleti’l-Ḳadr”, 4; Müslim, “Ṣıyâm”, 217; Dârimî, “Ṣavm”, 56).
Kadir gecesinin kesin olarak belirlenmemesinin hikmeti üzerinde duran âlimler, bu durumun gecenin feyzinden istifade etmek için daha uygun olduğunu söylemişlerdir. Zira Kadir gecesinin bildirilmesi halinde müslümanlar sadece o geceyi ihya etmekle yetinebilirlerdi. Halbuki kısmî belirsizlik sayesinde müminlerin Kadir gecesi ümidiyle bütün ramazan gecelerini ibadet şuuru içerisinde geçirmeleri söz konusudur. Ayrıca Kadir gecesinin bildirilmemesi yoluyla müslümanların bilerek ona saygısızlık göstermeleri veya tâzimde aşırıya kaçmaları önlenmiş olur (Zemahşerî, IV, 273; Fahreddin er-Râzî, XXXII, 28-29).
Bir hadiste inanarak ve mükâfatını Allah’tan bekleyerek Kadir gecesini ihyâ edenlerin geçmiş günahlarının affedileceği müjdelenmiştir (Buhârî, “Fażlü leyleti’l-Ḳadr”, 1; Müslim, “Ṣalâtü’l-müsâfirîn”, 175-176). Ramazanın son on gününe girildiğinde Hz. Peygamber dünyevî işlerden uzaklaşıp i‘tikâfa çekilir, geceleri daha çok ibadet ve tefekkürle geçirdiği gibi ailesini de uyanık tutardı (Buhârî, “Fażlü leyleti’l-Ḳadr”, 5; “İʿtikâf”, 1; Müslim, “İʿtikâf”, 1-5; Tirmizî, “Ṣavm”, 73). Bir hadiste Resûl-i Ekrem’in Kadir gecesinde, “Allahım! Sen affedicisin, affı seversin, beni de affet!” şeklinde dua edilmesini tavsiye ettiği belirtilir (Tirmizî, “Daʿavât”, 84; İbn Mâce, “Duʿâʾ”, 5). Bu sebeple müslümanlar, ramazan ayının son on gecesini ve özellikle âlimlerin çoğunluğunun işaret ettiği 27. geceyi, kulluk bilinci içinde ibadet ederek ve geçmişte yaptıkları hataları bir daha tekrarlamamaya kesin karar vererek geçirmeye özen gösterirler.
Kadir gecesi hakkında birçok risâle yazılmıştır. Bunlar arasında Bedreddin el-Karâfî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Esad Efendi, nr. 3582; TSMK, III. Ahmed, nr. 545), Ali el-Kārî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Esad Efendi, nr. 3666; Hacı Mahmud, nr. 329), Ahmed b. Ali el-Bûnî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 2083), Süleyman b. İbrâhim el-Alevî (İÜ Ktp., AY, nr. 3280), Muhammed Abdürraûf el-Münâvî (Beyazıt Devlet Ktp., Bayezid, nr. 239) ve Aziz Mahmud Hüdâyî’nin (Gazi Hüsrev Bey Ktp., Karagöz Bey, nr. 3571) eserleri sayılabilir (ayrıca bk. bibl.).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Râgıb el-İsfahânî, el-Müfredât , “ḳdr”, “lyl”, “nzl” md.
Ebü’l-Bekā, el-Külliyyât , “ḳdr” md.
el-Muvaṭṭaʾ , “İʿtikâf”, 9-15.
Dârimî, “Ṣavm”, 54-56.
Buhârî, “Fażlü leyleti’l-Ḳadr”, 1-5, “İʿtikâf”, 1.
Müslim, “Ṣalâtü’l-müsâfirîn”, 175-176, 179-180, “Ṣıyâm”, 205-222, “İʿtikâf”, 1-5, 7.
İbn Mâce, “Ṣıyâm”, 56-58, “Duʿâʾ”, 5.
Ebû Dâvûd, “Şehru Ramażân”, 1-7.
Tirmizî, “Ṣavm”, 72-73, “Daʿavât”, 84.
Taberî, Câmiʿu’l-beyân (Sıdkī Cemîl el-Attâr), Beyrut 1415/1995, XV, 327-331, 339.
Mâtürîdî, Teʾvîlâtü’l-Ḳurʾân , Hacı Selim Ağa Ktp., nr. 40, vr. 895a -896a .
Zemahşerî, el-Keşşâf (Beyrut) , IV, 273.
Fahreddin er-Râzî, Mefâtîḥu’l-ġayb , XXXII, 27-37.
Ebû Şâme el-Makdisî, el-Mürşidü’l-vecîz (nşr. Tayyar Altıkulaç), Ankara 1406/1986, s. 9-28.
İbnü’l-Irâkī, Leyletü’l-ḳadr: Maʿnâhâ ve vaḳtehâ ve’d-duʿâʾ fîhâ , Kahire 1407/1987.
Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı, Şerhu’s-sadr bi-fezâili Leyleti’l-kadr , İstanbul 1325.
Ispartalı Zeynelabidin, Türkçe Mev’ızalarım: Leyle-i Celîle-i Kadir , İzmir 1928.
Fârûk Hamâde, Leyletü’l-ḳadr fi’l-Kitâb ve’s-Sünne ve ḥayâti Selefi’ṣ-ṣâliḥîn , Beyrut 1416/1995.
Mevdûdî, Tefhîmü’l-Kur’ân (trc. Muhammed Han Kayanî v.dğr.), İstanbul 1997, VII, 185-188.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2001 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 24. cildinde, 124-125 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
Edebiyat ve Sosyal Hayat. Kadir gecesinin Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve hadislerde ifadesini bulan önemi, bu gecede yapılan ibadet ve duaların kabul edileceğine, bu geceyi ihya edenlerin günahlarının bağışlanacağına dair Hz. Peygamber’in açıklamaları, müslüman toplumlarda ve özellikle Osmanlılar’da Kadir gecesinin diğer kandillere göre daha büyük ilgi görmesine, bu arada sosyal hayata yansımasına, örf ve âdetlerin zenginleşmesine vesile olmuştur. Divan edebiyatında Kadir gecesi kasidelerin dua kısımlarıyla ramazâniyye, bayramiyye, rubâî ve tuyuğlarda, yeni edebiyatta ise müstakil dinî manzumeler yanında ramazan ve kandillerle ilgili şiirlerle bu gece indirilmeye başlandığından Kur’an’dan bahseden şiirlerde işlenmiştir.
Kadir gecesinin divan şiirinde “leyle-i Kadr, şeb-i Kadr, şâm-ı Kadr” gibi terkiplerde gerçek ve mecaz anlamlarıyla ve cinas, tevriye, îhâm, îhâm-ı tenâsüb gibi edebî sanatlarla zengin bir kullanım alanı vardır. Gökten rahmet ve bereketin sabaha kadar yağdığını anlatmak için “nûr-ı Kadr, nûr-ı şeb-i Kadr”; sevgilinin yerini ifade için “sarây-ı Kadr, kûşe-i Kadr”; sevgiliye kavuşma için “Kadr-i visâl, Kadr-i vasl” gibi terkipler kullanılmıştır. Kadir gecesinin lutuf ve ihsan gecesi olduğu Şeyhülislâm Yahyâ’nın, “Gün gibi tulû etti bu şeb necm-i hidâyet / Iyd etti şeb-i Kadr’e erip ehl-i velâyet” beytiyle Nâilî-i Kadîm’in, “Eylemez secde-i eşcâr-ı şeb-i Kadr’i nigâh / Cilve-i kāmet-i kaddinden olanlar âgâh” beytinde ifade edilmiştir. Enderunlu Vâsıf bu gecenin bütün insanlara mağfiret getireceğini, “Bil kadrini zîrâ ki bu şehrin şeb-i Kadr’i / Bîşek sebeb-i mağfiret-i âlemiyandır” beytiyle anlatır. Böylece “kıymet” anlamındaki kadr kelimesiyle geceyi belirten Kadir’in aynı kökten gelişi çeşitli kelime oyunlarına yol açmıştır. Divan şiirinde çok değerli olan geceler de mecâzen “kadr” kelimesiyle anlatılır: “Yârân u mey ü bâde buluştuk bu gece / el-Minnetü lillâh bu şeb Kadr oldu” beytiyle Ahmed Paşa’nın, “Kadr derdim sohbetine her gece olsaydı Kadr / Iyd derdim devletine olmasa pâyân-ı ıyd” mısraları bu anlayışı aksettirir. Sevgilinin yüzü, saçı ve gerdanı Allah’ın leyle-i Kadr’de indirdiği veya değer verdiği kullarına seyrettirdiği nur gibidir. Bu sebeple sevgilinin, yüzünü gösterdiği gece ne kadar karanlık olsa Kadir gecesi aydınlığında ve değerindedir: “Nûr-i hüsnün berk urur zülfün dününde der gören / Bir mübârek ayda Kadr olmuş şeb-i yeldâyı gör” (Ahmed Paşa). Şairler memduhlarına dua ederken gecelerinin Kadir, günlerinin bayram gibi olmasını dilerler: “Dördüncüsü hakîkat ere eksik bakmaya / Bayram ola gündüzü Kadr ola gecesi” (Yûnus Emre); “Gündüzü ıyd u gecesi Kadr ola dem-be-dem / Bâri’ katında her dileği ola müstecâb” (Necâtî Bey).
Batı tesiri altında gelişen yeni Türk edebiyatı devresinde de Kadir gecesiyle ilgili şiirler kaleme alınmıştır. İsmâil Safâ’nın “Kitâbullah” adlı şiiri Kur’an-Kadir gecesi alâkasını ele alan bir örnektir: “Sâyende azaldı zulümât-ı beşeriyyet / Benzer mi fürûğun sönük envârına Bedr’in / Câiz sana dense güneşi leyle-i Kadr’in / Ey nûr-ı hidâyet.” Rıza Tevfik’in Cünye’de 1351 (1933) yılının Kadir gecesinde yazdığı “Kasîde-i Kadriyye”, şairin gurbette geçirdiği bu gecede Fâtih Camii merkezli bir İstanbul hasretini, “Sahîhan gördüğüm bir lem‘a-i âyât-ı rahmetmiş / Mübârek leyletü’l-Kadr’in ulüvv-i izz ü şânından / Güzel İstanbul’un hâtırda hâlâ yâdı kalmıştı” mısralarıyla başlayarak anlatır. Cumhuriyet dönemi şairlerinden Arif Nihat Asya, Halit Fahri Ozansoy, Cemal Oğuz Öcal, Enver Tuncalp’ın da Kadir ve kandil geceleriyle ilgili şiirleri vardır. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca’nın “Siyah ve Karanlık” şiirinde olduğu gibi bu devirde birçok şairin ramazanla ilgili şiirlerinde Kadir gecesi motif olarak işlenmiştir.
Ramazan mânileri içinde Kadir gecesi hakkında kaleme alınmış olanlar daha ziyade bu gecenin dinî özelliklerini ortaya koyar: “Olundu âleme müjde / Getirir âlemi vecde / Ağaçlar ediyor secde / Mübârek Kadir gecesi // Cümle âlem mesrûr olur / Hep günahlar mağfûr olur / Cümle yer gök pürnûr olur / Mübârek Kadir gecesi.” “Kadir gecesinde doğmak”, “Annesi onu Kadir gecesi doğurmuş” gibi deyimlerle Kadir gecesinde doğan çocuklara Kadir ve Kadriye adlarının konulması da Türk halk kültüründe bu geceye verilen önemi gösterir.
Kadir gecesi özel ibadet ve duaları, bunlarla ilgili donanımları, teşrifat ve merasimleriyle Osmanlı toplum hayatında zengin bir gelenek oluşturmuştur. Ramazanla başlayan hatimlerin Kadir gecesinden önce tamamlanması ve o gece duasının yapılmasına dikkat edilmiş, değişik camilerde hâfızlar ve duahanlar tarafından sanatkârane ifadelerle duada bulunma âdet haline gelmiştir. Büyük camilerde bu duaların sabah namazına kadar devam ettiği bilinmektedir. Bunun yanında cami ve tekkelerde vaaz ve irşadda bulunulur, bunlara halktan başka ulemâ, meşâyih ve devlet ileri gelenleri de katılırdı (Selânikî, II, 600). Bu vaazların başında “tasliye” adıyla Arapça okunacak mukaddime ile sonunda yapılacak Türkçe dualar da geceye has uygulamalar olarak zikredilebilir (örnekler için bk. Mehmed Fevzi, s. 12-13, 46-47). Kadir gecesinden nasibini almak isteyenlerin yatsı namazını cemaatle kılmalarının yeterli olduğuna dair rivayetler, padişahların bu gece yatsı ve teravih namazlarıyla Osmanlı kroniklerinde “Kadir namazı” adıyla anılan tesbih namazını selâtin camilerinden birinde halkla beraber kılmalarına vesile olmuştur. Bu durum Osmanlı teşrifatında, padişah ve saray halkıyla devlet erkânının iftardan sonra Kadir kutlamalarının yapılacağı camiye giderken geçeceği güzergâhta “kadir alayı” adıyla bir merasim yürüyüşü düzenlenmesine de sebep olmuştur. Bundan dolayı alayın geçeceği güzergâhtaki yollar önceden tamir edilir, fenerler, çarkıfelekler, kandiller ve meşalelerle donatılarak aydınlatılır, binalar elden geçirilip boyanırdı. Güzergâhın uygun yerlerinde halkın alayı rahatça seyretmesi için oturma yerleri yapılır, bilhassa harem arabalarıyla seyre gelecek olanlar ve diplomatlar için özel alanlar ayrılırdı. Kadir gecesini ihya merasimleri fetihten itibaren önceleri Ayasofya’da, daha sonraları ise padişahın arzusuna göre belirlenen bir selâtin camiinde düzenlenirdi. XVI. yüzyıldan bu yana gerçekleştirildiği anlaşılan bu kutlamalar hakkında bilhassa XIX ve XX. yüzyıl kaynaklarında ayrıntılı bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Buna göre hünkâr imamı ve müezzinleri de törenlerin yapıldığı camilerde halkın karşısına çıkarlar, bu ise şehirde ayrı bir heyecana sebep olurdu. Büyük kalabalıkların katılımıyla gerçekleşen bu merasimler, güzel sesli imamların her rek‘atı farklı bir makamda kıldırdıkları teravih ve Kadir namazları, müezzinlerin cumhur müezzinliği tarzıyla ve rek‘at aralarında okudukları “elvedâ” nakaratlı ramazan ve Kadir gecesi ilâhileriyle bir mûsiki ziyafetine dönüşürdü. Yaz mevsimine rastlayan ramazanlarda padişah ve devlet erkânı sahilsaraylarda kaldıkları için önce deniz yoluyla Topkapı Sarayı’na gelinir, burada iftar edildikten sonra başta Ayasofya olmak üzere Sultan Ahmed, Beyazıt, Fâtih, Süleymaniye, Eyüp Sultan gibi camilere gidilirdi. Tayyarzâde Atâ Bey, Târih ’inde bizzat şahit olduğu bu alaylar ve Kadir gecesinin Ayasofya Camii’nde ihyası hakkında bilgi vermektedir (I, 220-221). Osmanlı teşrifatındaki bayram alayı ve cuma selâmlığı törenlerine benzeyen bu merasim yürüyüşü gece yapıldığından deniz yolculuğu kısmı donanma, kara yolculuğu kısmı ise fener alayı mahiyetini taşırdı. Hızır İlyas Çelebi de 1228 (1813) yılı Kadir gecesinde Ayasofya Camii’ne gidiş-dönüş dolayısıyla yapılan merasimde gördüklerini anlatır (Târîh-i Enderûn , s. 61). XIX. yüzyılda artık Beşiktaş, Dolmabahçe gibi sahilsaraylarda oturan padişahlar bölgede bulunan Kılıç Ali Paşa, Nusretiye, Dolmabahçe, Sinan Paşa ve Yıldız camilerine gittiklerinden alay da bu saraylarla camiler arasındaki güzergâhta düzenlenirdi. Balıkhâne Nâzırı Ali Rızâ Bey, Sultan Abdülmecid ve Abdülaziz devirlerinde Nusretiye Camii’ndeki alaylar (bk. Eski Zamanlarda İstanbul Hayatı , s. 233), Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil ise saltanat kayıkları ile denizden yapılan ve Tophâne Camii’nde ifa edilen merasimler (Saray ve Ötesi , s. 227) hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Emin Nihad Bey’in Müsâmeretnâme ’sinde, “Atıyye Hanım yahut İhsan Hanım ile Uşşâkının Sergüzeşti” adını taşıyan üçüncü hikâyede, 1265 (1849) yılında Topkapı Sarayı ile Beyazıt Camii arasında yapılan kadir alayı sırasındaki törenler canlı bir şekilde tasvir edilmiştir (s. 163-170).
Kadir gecesi kutlamalarında Ayasofya Camii etrafında âdeta özel bir folklor ve gelenek oluşmuştur. Fâtih Sultan Mehmed zamanından başlayarak müzeye çevrilişine kadar beş asra yakın bir süre Ayasofya Camii’nde düzenlenen Kadir gecesi kutlamaları, İslâm dünyasında hiçbir camiye nasip olmayan bir ihtişamla yapılagelmiştir. Evliya Çelebi, 1045 senesi Ramazanının (Mart 1636) Kadir gecesinde Ayasofya müezzin mahfelinde Kur’an okurken güzel sesini duyan IV. Murad’ın iltifatına mazhar olarak Enderun’a alınmasını, Kadir gecesini Ayasofya’da ihya etmesinin bereketi olarak izah etmektedir. Ayasofya’nın Kadir gecesi bakımından önemli bir özelliği de İstanbul’daki sefirlerden başlayarak pek çok yabancının buradaki kutlamaları caminin üst katında takip edebilmesine imkân verilmesidir. Uygulamanın ne zaman başladığı tesbit edilemese de Paul Hérigaut adlı bir Fransız’ın kaleme aldığı ve Ahmed İhsan Bey’in Rus Ateşi adıyla Türkçe’ye çevirdiği işgal yılları İstanbul’unu anlatan bir romanda (İstanbul 1926, s. 54-60) bunun uzun uzadıya anlatılması konunun yabancılara ne kadar ilginç geldiğini göstermektedir.
Minarelere Kadir gecesine has mahyalar çekilmesi, tek minareli camilere “kaftan giydirme” denilen uygulama (Ali Rıza Bey, s. 195; Ünver, s. 11), Osmanlı ülkesinin Ortadoğu ve Mısır gibi bölgelerinde minarelerde kandil yakılarak bayrak çekilmesi, camilerin iç mekânlarının bu gece daha özenle aydınlatılması, İstanbul’a ait bir özellik olarak mihrap üstünde iç mahya kurulması da (a.g.e. , a.y.) bu geceye ait uygulamalar arasındadır. Şinâsi’nin, Sultan Abdülmecid’in Kadir gecesinde tophâneyi ziyaret etmesi dolayısıyla Nusretiye Camii minarelerine mahya olarak çekilmesi için yazdığı, “Ferr ü şevketle bu şeb azm ederek şâh-ı cihan / Oldu tophânesine bedr-sıfat nûr-efşan // Leyle-i Kadr’i kadar kadr bulup her gecesi / Eyleye her günü mahiyyet-i ıyde rüçhan” beyitleri, son devirlerde Kadir geceleri padişahın gideceği camide kurulan mahyaların mahiyeti hakkında fikir verdiği gibi bu tarz dualara örnek olması bakımından da önemlidir. Süheyl Ünver de Osmanlılar’ın son döneminde Süleymaniye mahyacısının, Kadir gecesinde minareler arasında köprü üzerinde hareket eden araba ve altında balıklar resmederek hareketli mahya kurmasını anlatır (a.g.e. , s. 10).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Ahmed Paşa Divanı (nşr. Ali Nihad Tarlan), İstanbul 1966, s. 97.
Necatî Beg Divanı (nşr. Ali Nihad Tarlan), İstanbul 1963, s. 26, 30.
İbn Kemâl, Dîvân: Tenkidli Metin (haz. Mustafa Demirel), İstanbul 1996, s. 26.
Selânikî, Târih (İpşirli) , I, 107; II, 600.
Enderunlu Osman Vâsıf Bey ve Dîvânı (haz. Rahşan Gürel), İstanbul, ts. (Kitabevi), s. 270.
Hızır İlyas, Târîh-i Enderûn , İstanbul 1276, s. 61.
Şinâsi, Müntehabât-ı Eş‘âr , İstanbul 1287, s. 36.
Tayyarzâde Atâ Bey, Târih , İstanbul 1291, I, 220-221.
Mehmed Fevzi Efendi, Mevhibetü’l-vehhâb , İstanbul 1274, s. 12-13, 46-47, 62-67.
Emin Nihad, Müsameretname: Gece Hikâyeleri (nşr. M. İsmet Uzun), İstanbul, ts. (Tercüman 1001 Temel Eser), s. 163-170.
Ali Rıza Bey, Eski Zamanlarda İstanbul Hayatı (nşr. Ali Şükrü Çoruk), İstanbul 2001, s. 195, 227, 233-234.
P. Hérigaut, Rus Ateşi (trc. Ahmet İhsan), İstanbul 1926, s. 54-60.
Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca, Çocuk ve Allah , İstanbul 1940.
A. Süheyl Ünver, Mahya Hakkında Araştırmalar , İstanbul 1940, s. 10, 11.
Rıza Tevfik, Serâb-ı Ömrüm , İstanbul 1949, s. 180-186.
Cemal Oğuz Öcal, Ramazan Dilekleri , İstanbul 1960, s. 28.
Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, Tanzimat Devri Edebiyatı’nda Dinî Şiirler , Ankara 1962, s. 66.
Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Saray ve Ötesi , İstanbul 1965, s. 227.
Ârif Nihat Asya, Duâlar ve Âminler , İstanbul 1967.
Harun Tolasa, Ahmet Paşa’nın Şiir Dünyası , Ankara 1973, s. 462.
Âmil Çelebioğlu, Ramazannâme , İstanbul, ts., s. 229-231.
İsmail Coşar, Kadir Gecesi ve Kandillerimiz , Ankara 1976, s. 24, 26.
Mustafa Tatçı, Yunus Emre Divânı I: İnceleme , Ankara 1990, s. 198-199.
Ahmet Talât Onay, Eski Türk Edebiyatında Mazmunlar ve İzahı (haz. Cemâl Kurnaz), Ankara 1992, s. 230-231.
Vildan Serdaroğlu Şişman, Zâtî’nin Gazeliyatına Göre XVI. Yüzyılda Sosyal Hayat (doktora tezi, 2001), İÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, s. 200-201.
Mustafa Uzun, “Edebiyatımızda Ramazan ve Ramazaniyyelere Umûmî Bir Bakış”, Nesil , III/11, İstanbul 1979, s. 7, 10.
Pakalın , II, 131-132.
“Ayasofya”, İst.A , III, 1461-1463, 1470, 1475.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2001 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 24. cildinde, 125-127 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.