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Karaman Ovası Yer Altı Sularının Kalite Özelliklerinin Elma Yetiştiriciliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 27 – 34, 18.07.2024
Kadir Uçgun Hamza Gencer Mesut Altındal Bahar Türkeli
https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1446165
Öz Temperate climate fruits are more sensitive to low irrigation water quality characteristics than many crop species. Since fruit trees occupy the soil for many years, irrigation water quality characteristics should be determined along with soil characteristics before orchard establishment. In this study, groundwater quality characteristics of Karaman Plain were determined and evaluated regarding apple cultivation. For this purpose, salinity (EC), pH, calcium (Ca+2), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+2), potassium (K+), carbonate (CO3-2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chlorine (Cl-) and boron (B) were analyzed in 30 water samples collected from deep wells at different locations. Alkalinity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and total hardness (TH) were calculated from the values obtained. All water samples were alkaline, C2 (67%) and C3 (33%) for salinity, hard (57%) and very hard (43%) for total hardness. All waters except 1 sampled well were found safe for B, and except 3 sampled wells were found safe for Cl-. There are no quality problems in terms of SAR and, RSC. Attention should be paid in all wells in terms of TH. The quality characteristics of irrigation water vary from well to well not from region to region. Therefore, each producer should know the quality characteristics of the water source they use and take precautions according to the water they use.
Anahtar Kelimeler Fruit tree, irrigation water, salinity problem, sodium hazard, ion toxicity
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Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 354: 108561. Hu Y, Schmidhalter U, 2005. Drought and Salinity: A Comparison of their Effects on Mineral Nutrition of Plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168 (4): 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420516. Kotuby-Amacher J, Koenig R, Kitchen B, 2000. Salinity and Plant Tolerance. Utah State University Electronic Publishing. Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2024. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_histall/43 Locke DB, 2009. Alkalinity: An Important Parameter in Assessing Water Chemistry. Maine Geol Facts Localities. Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2024. https://digitalmaine.com/cgi Mpelasoka BS, Behboudian MH, Dixon J, Neal SM, Caspari HW, 2000. Improvement of Fruit Quality and Storage Potential of ‘Braeburn’ Apple through Deficit Irrigation. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75(5): 615-621. Munns R. 2002. Comparative Physiology of Salt and Water Stress. Plant, Cell and Environment 25 (2): 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x Munns R, Tester M, 2008. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651–681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911 Ogunfowokan AO, Obisanya JF, Ogunkoya OO, 2013. Salinity and Sodium Hazards of Three Streams of Different Agricultural Land Use Systems in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Applied Water Science 3 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0053-2 Okumuş Ş, 2011. Konya– Ereğli İvriz Sağ Sahil Sulama Birliğine Ait Yeraltı Su Kaynaklarının Sulama Suyu Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 62s, Konya. Rawat KS, Singh SK, Gautam SK, 2018. Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Use: A Peninsular Case Study. Applied Water Science 8 (8): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0866-8 Richards LA, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 160 pp. Safdar H, Amin A, Shafiq Y, Ali A, Yasin R, Shoukar A, Hussan MU., Sarwar MI, 2019. A Review: Impact of Salinity on Plant Growth. Nature and Science 17 (1): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsnsj170119.06 Schiavon M, Moore KK, 2021. How to Properly Read your Irrigation Water Analysis for Turf and Landscape: ENH1352/EP616. University of Florida, Extention, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2024, https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Suarez DL, Wood JD, Lesch SM, 2006. Effect of SAR on Water Infiltration under A Sequential Rain-irrigation Management System. Agric Water Manag. 86 (1–2): 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.010 Xiao Y, Ma C, Li M, Zhangzhong L, Song P, Li Y, 2023. Interaction and Adaptation of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Calcium Ion in Drip Irrigation Systems: The Perspective of Emitter Clogging. Agricultural Water Management. 282 (March): 108269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108269 Ucar Y, Kadayıfcı A, Aşkın MA, Kankaya A, Şenyiğit U, Yıldırım F, 2016. Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Yield and Quality Parameters in Apple cv ‘Gala, Galaxy’. Erwerbs-Obstbau 58(3): 169-175. Uçgun K, Küçükyumuk C, Bayav A, 2018. Effects of Transition from Flood Irrigation to Drip Irrigation on Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Apple cv. Starkrimson Delicious. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41 (16): 2085-2090. Zaman M, Shahid SA, Heng L, 2018. Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Springer Open, Vienna, Austria, 162 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3 Zhang H, 2017. Classification of Irrigation Water Quality. Oklahoma State University-Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources-Cooperative Extension Service. Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2024. http://dc.library.okstate.edu
Karaman Ovası Yer Altı Sularının Kalite Özelliklerinin Elma Yetiştiriciliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 27 – 34, 18.07.2024
Kadir Uçgun Hamza Gencer Mesut Altındal Bahar Türkeli
https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1446165
Öz Ilıman iklim meyveleri, düşük sulama suyu kalite özelliklerine birçok bitki türünden daha hassastır. Meyve ağaçları bulundukları toprakları uzun yıllar işgal ettiklerinden tesis yapılmadan önce mutlaka toprak özelikleri ile beraber sulama suyu kalite özellikleri belirlenmelidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Karaman Ovasında bulunan yer altı sularının kalite özellikleri belirlenerek elma yetiştiriciliği açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı lokasyonlarda bulunan derin kuyulardan alınan 30 adet su örneğinde tuzluluk (EC), pH, kalsiyum (Ca+2), sodyum (Na+), magnezyum (Mg+2), potasyum (K+), karbonat (CO3-2), bikarbonat (HCO3-), klor (Cl-) ve bor (B) analizleri yapılarak alkalilik, sodyum adsorpsiyon oranı (SAR), artık sodyum karbonat (RSC), ve toplam sertlik (TH) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Alınan su örneklerinin tamamı alkali özellikte, tuzluluk yönünden C2 (%67) ve C3 (%33) sınıfında, toplam sertlik yönünden sert (%57) ve çok sert (%43) sular sınıfında yer almıştır. Bor içeriği bakımından 1 su örneği hariç problemsiz, sadece 3 kuyunun dışındaki sular Cl- açısından güvenle kullanılabilir bulunmuştur. Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oranı ve RSC yönünden herhangi bir kalite sorunu bulunmamaktadır. Toplam Sertlik yönünden tüm kuyulardaki su kullanılırken dikkat edilmelidir. Kuyu sularının kalite özellikleri bölgeden bölgeye değil kuyudan kuyuya değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu yüzden her üretici kullandığı su kaynağının kalite özelliklerini bilmeli ve kullandığı suya göre tedbirleri almalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Meyve ağacı, Sodyum tehlikesi, sulama suyu, tuzluluk problemi, sodyum tehlikesi, iyon toksisitesi
Kaynakça Adagba T, Kankara AI, Idris MA, 2022. Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation Purpose using GIS and Irrigation Water quality Indices. FUDMA Journal of Sciences 6 (2): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-925. Alobaidy AHMJ, Al-Sameraiy MA, Kadhem AJ, Majeed AA, 2010. Evaluation of Treated Municipal Wastewater Quality for Irrigation. Journal of Environmental Protection 1 (3): 216–225. https://10.4236/jep.2010.13026. , Alpözen CM, 2017. Konya- Sarayönü Gözlü Tarım İşletmesi Müdürlüğüne Ait Sulu Ziraat Alanlarındaki Su Kaynaklarının Sulama Suyu Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 59s, Konya. Anonim, 2023. Tarımsal Yapı ve Çalışmalar. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Karaman İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2024. https://karaman.tarimorman.gov.tr Ayers RS, Westcot DW, 1985. Water Quality for Agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage paper No: 29 Rev 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 117 p, Rome. Bauder TA, Waskorn PL, Davis JG, 2014. Irrigation Water Quality Criteria (Fact Sheet No. 0.506 Crop Series). Erişim Tarihi: 11.02.2024. https://extension.colostate.edu/ Bayav A, Karlı B, Gündüz O, 2023. Apple Production and Foreign Trade in the World and Türkiye. International Conference on Global Practice of Multidisciplinary Scientific Studies-IV. 28-30 April, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, 598-611 pp. Bortolini L, Maucieri C, Borin M, 2018. A Tool for the Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality in the Arid and Semi-arid Regions. Agronomy 8 (2): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8020023. Boyd CE, 2015. Total Hardness. In: Water Quality. Springer Cham, 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17446-4_9. Bozdağ A, 2015. Combining AHP with GIS for Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in Çumra Irrigation District (Konya), Central Anatolia, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences 73(12):8217–8236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3972-4. Brdar-Jokanović M, 2020. Boron toxicity and deficiency in agricultural plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (4): 1424. https://doi:10.3390/ijms21041424. Brunton V, 2011. Irrigation Water Quality. NSW Department of Primary Industries. Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.20224. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009049610.007. Ferguson L, Grattan SR, 2005. How Salinity Damages Citrus: Osmotic Effects and Specific Ion Toxicities. Horttechnology. 15 (1): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0095. Hasırcı OS, 2021. Konya İli Çumra İlçesindeki Yeraltı Su Kaynaklarında Sulama Suyu Kalitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 57s, Konya. Hou L, Liu Z, Zhai B, Zhu Y, Xu X, 2023. Contrasting Water Quality in Response to Long-term Nitrogen Fertilization in Rainfed and Irrigated Apple-producing Regions on China’s Loess Plateau. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 354: 108561. Hu Y, Schmidhalter U, 2005. Drought and Salinity: A Comparison of their Effects on Mineral Nutrition of Plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168 (4): 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420516. Kotuby-Amacher J, Koenig R, Kitchen B, 2000. Salinity and Plant Tolerance. Utah State University Electronic Publishing. Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2024. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_histall/43 Locke DB, 2009. Alkalinity: An Important Parameter in Assessing Water Chemistry. Maine Geol Facts Localities. Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2024. https://digitalmaine.com/cgi Mpelasoka BS, Behboudian MH, Dixon J, Neal SM, Caspari HW, 2000. Improvement of Fruit Quality and Storage Potential of ‘Braeburn’ Apple through Deficit Irrigation. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75(5): 615-621. Munns R. 2002. Comparative Physiology of Salt and Water Stress. Plant, Cell and Environment 25 (2): 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x Munns R, Tester M, 2008. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651–681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911 Ogunfowokan AO, Obisanya JF, Ogunkoya OO, 2013. Salinity and Sodium Hazards of Three Streams of Different Agricultural Land Use Systems in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Applied Water Science 3 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0053-2 Okumuş Ş, 2011. Konya– Ereğli İvriz Sağ Sahil Sulama Birliğine Ait Yeraltı Su Kaynaklarının Sulama Suyu Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 62s, Konya. Rawat KS, Singh SK, Gautam SK, 2018. Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Use: A Peninsular Case Study. Applied Water Science 8 (8): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0866-8 Richards LA, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 160 pp. Safdar H, Amin A, Shafiq Y, Ali A, Yasin R, Shoukar A, Hussan MU., Sarwar MI, 2019. A Review: Impact of Salinity on Plant Growth. Nature and Science 17 (1): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsnsj170119.06 Schiavon M, Moore KK, 2021. How to Properly Read your Irrigation Water Analysis for Turf and Landscape: ENH1352/EP616. University of Florida, Extention, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2024, https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Suarez DL, Wood JD, Lesch SM, 2006. Effect of SAR on Water Infiltration under A Sequential Rain-irrigation Management System. Agric Water Manag. 86 (1–2): 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.010 Xiao Y, Ma C, Li M, Zhangzhong L, Song P, Li Y, 2023. Interaction and Adaptation of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Calcium Ion in Drip Irrigation Systems: The Perspective of Emitter Clogging. Agricultural Water Management. 282 (March): 108269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108269 Ucar Y, Kadayıfcı A, Aşkın MA, Kankaya A, Şenyiğit U, Yıldırım F, 2016. Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Yield and Quality Parameters in Apple cv ‘Gala, Galaxy’. Erwerbs-Obstbau 58(3): 169-175. Uçgun K, Küçükyumuk C, Bayav A, 2018. Effects of Transition from Flood Irrigation to Drip Irrigation on Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Apple cv. Starkrimson Delicious. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41 (16): 2085-2090. Zaman M, Shahid SA, Heng L, 2018. Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Springer Open, Vienna, Austria, 162 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3 Zhang H, 2017. Classification of Irrigation Water Quality. Oklahoma State University-Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources-Cooperative Extension Service. Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2024. http://dc.library.okstate.edu Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Bitki Fizyolojisi Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Kadir Uçgun KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 0000-0003-1085-8783 Türkiye
Hamza Gencer İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü 0009-0005-0816-5525 Türkiye
Mesut Altındal Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü 0000-0002-0332-6677 Türkiye
Bahar Türkeli Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü 0000-0002-0301-709X Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster
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