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LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 59, 439 – 470, 12.07.2024
Aytekin Çelik
https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1515080
Öz In addition to inheritance law, the death of a shareholder is also important in terms of corporate law. Within the framework of the provisions of inheritance law, the shares of the deceased shareholder automatically pass to the heirs like the other elements included in the inheritance. However, due to some negative consequences that may arise from the automatic transfer of the deceased shareholder’s share to the heirs, the death of the shareholder in company law is regulated specifically for each type of company. In private companies, the automatic transfer of the share to the heirs upon the death of the shareholder is not accepted, and the death of the shareholder is regulated within the reasons that automatically terminate the company. In capital companies, on the contrary, the automatic transfer of the shares to the heirs upon the death of the shareholder is accepted as a rule, but unlike the provisions of the inheritance law, the company is given the opportunity to refuse to approve the heirs by exercising the right of purchase. However, the preference for a mixed solution in capital companies within the framework of the provisions of inheritance law and corporate law has led to the necessity of making special arrangements until the moment when it is determined whether the heirs will be approved or not. However, there are different regulations for joint stock companies and limited liability companies, especially on whether the automatic transfer of the shares to the heirs will take place within the framework of the provisions regarding the inheritance partnership, the scope of the rights that the heirs can use, and which body is authorized to refuse the approval. Therefore, the inheritance of shares in limited liability companies is different from both the provisions of inheritance law and the regulations regarding joint stock companies. In addition, in terms of limited liability companies, it is necessary to focus on whether the heirs can vote in the general assembly decision regarding the purchase decision of the company, whether the right of purchase can be exercised against some of the heirs in cases where there is more than one heir, and the consequences of this issue in terms of corporate law in case the heirs reject the inheritance.
Anahtar Kelimeler Limited company, inheritance, right to purchase, breaking clause, lack of vote
Etik Beyan This article is not subject to Ethics Committee permission.
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Cenkci E, ‘Borsaya Kote Edilmemiş Nama Yazılı Payların Devrinde Kaçış Klozuna Başvuru Hakkının Kötüye Kullanılması’ (2021) 79 (2) İHM 379-408. Çamoğlu E, ‘Limited Ortaklıktan Çıkarılmak İstenen Ortak Genel Kurul Kararında Oy Kullanabilir mi?, in Mehmet Özdamar, Hayrettin Çağlar, Kürşat Göktürk, Mehmet Çelebi Can, Esra Kaşak, Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil, Bilge Aytuğar (eds) Prof.Dr. Rıza Ayhan’a Armağan (Yetkin 2022), 175-185. Daloğlu TÖ, Limited Şirketlerde Çıkma ve Çıkarılma (On İki Levha 2020). Demirkapı E, ‘Limited Ortaklıkta Payın Devri’ (Doktora Tezi, DEÜ SBE 2008). Dural HA, ‘Limited Şirket Esas Sermaye Payının Miras, Eşler Arası Mal Rejimi ve İcra Yoluyla Edinilmesine İlişkin TTK m. 596 Düzenlemesi Üzerine Düşünceler ve Eleştiriler’ (2018) 6 (1) KHÜHFD 111-124. Eren F, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (21. Baskı, Yetkin 2017). — — ve Yücer Aktürk İ, Türk Miras Hukuku (Yetkin 2019). Eriş G, Ticari İşletme ve Şirketler (3. Baskı, Seçkin 2017). Furrer A, Muller-Chen M ve Çetiner B, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (On İki Levha 2021). Gökberk İ.N.G, Anonim Şirketlerde Yönetim Kurulu Bakımından Eşit İşlem İlkesi (On İki Levha 2020). Günday HM, Alım hakkı, (Adalet 2021). Hırsch E, Ticaret Hukuku Dersleri (3. Bası, Hak 1948). İnan AN, Ertaş Ş ve Albaş H, Miras Hukuk (12. Baskı, Seçkin 2024). Karakaya U, ‘Limited Şirket Pay Devrinin Onaylandığı Genel Kurulda Devreden Ortağın Kullandığı Oyların Geçerliliği’ (2023) 8(3) Regesta, 363-400. Kendigelen A ve Kırca İ, Şirketler Hukuku, C. III (On İki Levha 2022). — —, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu: Değişiklikler, Yenilikler ve İlk Tespitler (3. Baskı, On İki Levha 2016). Kılıçoğlu A, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (26. Baskı, Turhan 2022) (Anılış: Borçlar). — —, Eşya Hukuku (Turhan 2021) (Anılış: Eşya). Kırca İ ve Gürel M, ‘Limited Şirket Ortağının Kendisini Çıkarmaya Yönelik Genel Kurul Kararının Alınmasında Oy Hakkına Sahip Olup Olmadığı Sorunu’, in Murat Gürel, Ufuk Tekin ve İbrahim Bektaş (eds), Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü 60. Yıl Armağanı (BTHAE 2015) 197-224. Kırkbeşoğlu N, Kanundan ve Sözleşmeden Doğan Önalım hakkı (On İki Levha 2020). Oğuzman M.K, Seliçi Ö ve Oktay Özdemir S, Eşya Hukuku, (25. Baskı, Filiz 2023). Paslı A, ‘Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Anonim Şirket Pay (Hisse) Devri’, in Abuzer Kendigelen, Müge Evlek, Nurgül Yıldız, Necdet Uzel, İsmail Cem Soykan (eds), Türk Ticaret Kanunu Sempozyumu (On İki Levha 2018) 71-139. Poroy R, Tekinalp Ü ve Çamoğlu E, Ortaklıklar Hukuku, C.2 (13. Baskı, Vedat 2017). Pulaşlı H, ‘Limited Şirketler Hukukundaki Güncel Gelişmeler ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısındaki Bazı Sorunlar’ (2009) 15(2) Batider, 37-54. — —, Şirketler Hukuku Genel Esaslar (3. Baskı, Adalet 2015). — — H, Şirketler Hukuku Şerhi, C.2 (2. Baskı, Adalet 2015). Serozan R ve İlkay Engin B, Miras Hukuku (8. Baskı, Seçkin 2022). Şener OH, Limited Ortaklıklar Hukuku (Seçkin 2017). — —, Ortaklıklar Hukuku (5. Baskı, Seçkin 2022). Taşdelen N, Limited Ortaklıklarda Çıkma, Çıkarılma ve Fesih (Yetkin 2012) Tekinalp Ü, Sermaye Ortaklıklarının Yeni Hukuku (5.Baskı, Vedat 2020). Teoman Ö, Anonim Ortaklıkta Pay Sahibinin Oy Hakkından Yoksunluğu (BTHAE 1983). Tokcan FP, Limited Ortaklıkta Oy Hakkından Yoksunluk (On İki Levha 2018). Yağmur S, Anonim Şirketlerde Eşit işlem İlkesi (On İki Levha 2020). Yavuz C, Türk Borçlar Hukuku Özel Hükümler (11. Baskı, Beta 2022). Yıldız Ş ve Özbay İ, ‘Bağlı Nama Yazılı Payların TTK m. 418 f. 4’te Yazılı Sebeplerle Kazanılmasında Yönetim Kurulu Üyeleri ile Pay Sahiplerine Tanınan Gerçek Değerden Satın Alma Hakkı’ Ticaret Hukuku ve Yargıtay Kararları Sempozyumu (BTHAE 2007) 7-40. Yıldız Ş, Limited Şirketler Hukuku (Arıkan 2007). Yılmaz G, Pay Sahipleri Sözleşmesinden Doğan Birlikte Satma Hakkı ve Birlikte Satışa Zorlama Hakkı (On İki Levha 2018). Yılmaz M ve Sulu M, ‘Limited Şirketlerde Payın Haczi’, in Abuzer Kendigelen (ed), Prof. Dr. Türkân Rado’nun Anısına Armağan (On İki Levha 2020) 799-831. Yüksel SH, ‘Borsaya Kote Edilmemiş Bağlı Nama Yazılı Payların Devrinde Şirketin Alım Önerisinde Bulunarak Onay İstemini Reddetme Hakkı (Kaçış Klozu)’ (2013) 2 GÜHFD 159-217.
LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI Yıl 2024, Sayı: 59, 439 – 470, 12.07.2024
Aytekin Çelik
https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1515080
Öz Ortağın ölümü miras hukukunun dışında şirketler hukuku açısından da önem taşır. Miras hukuku hükümleri çerçevesinde ölen ortağın payları, mirasa dahil olan diğer unsurlar gibi kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçer. Ancak ölen ortağın payının kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişinin ortaya çıkartabileceği bazı olumsuz sonuçlardan dolayı şirketler hukukunda ortağın ölümü, her şirket türü açısından özel olarak düzenleme konusu yapılmıştır. Şahıs şirketlerinde ortağın ölümü halinde payın kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişi kabul edilmemiş, ortağın ölümü şirketi kendiliğinden sona erdiren sebepler içerisinde düzenlenmiştir. Sermaye şirketlerinde ise aksine payın ortağın ölümüyle birlikte kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişi kural olarak kabul edilmiş ancak miras hukuku hükümlerinden farklı olarak şirkete alım hakkını kullanarak mirasçıları onaylamayı reddetme imkânı tanınmıştır. Ancak sermaye şirketlerinde miras hukuku ve şirketler hukuku hükümleri çerçevesinde karma bir çözüm yolunun tercih edilmesi mirasçıların onaylanıp onaylanmayacaklarının belirli olacağı ana kadar özel düzenlemelerin yapılması zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Özellikle payların mirasçılara kendiliğinden geçişinin miras ortaklığına ilişkin hükümler çerçevesinde gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeyeceği, mirasçıların kullanabilecekleri hakların kapsamı, onaylamanın reddi konusunda hangi organın yetkili olduğu konusunda anonim ve limited şirketler açısından farklı düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir. Dolayısıyla limited şirketlerde payın miras yoluyla geçişi hem miras hukuku hükümlerinden hem de anonim şirketlere ilişkin düzenlemelerden farklı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Ayrıca limited şirketler açısından mirasçıların şirketin alım hakkının kullanılmasına ilişkin genel kurul kararında oy kullanıp kullanamayacakları, birden fazla mirasçının bulunduğu durumlarda alım hakkının mirasçılardan bir kısmına ilişkin olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı ve mirasçıların mirası reddetmeleri halinde bu hususun şirketler hukuku açısından sonuçları üzerinde de durulması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Limited şirket, miras, alım hakkı, bozucu şart, oydan yoksunluk
Etik Beyan Bu makale Etik Kurul iznine tabi değildir.
Kaynakça Akın MY, Anonim Ortaklıkta Bağlı Nama Yazılı Hisseler (Vedat 2014). Antalya G, Miras Hukuku, C. III (5. Baskı, Seçkin 2021). Arslanlı H ve Domaniç H, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Şerhi, C. III (Temel 1989). Ayhan R, Çağlar H ve Özdamar M, Şirketler Hukuku Genel Esaslar (4. Baskı, Yetkin 2022). Bahtiyar M, Ortaklıklar Hukuku (13. Baskı, Beta 2019). Biçer L ve Hamamcıoğlu E, ‘Limited Şirket Genel Kurulunda Yetersayılar’ (2017) 16 (2) İKÜHFD 343-381. Bilgili F ve Cengil F, Limited Şirket Genel Kurulunda Pay Sahibinin Oy Hakkından Yoksunluğu (2017) (1) GÜHFD 69-121. — — ve Demirkapı E, Şirketler Hukuku (9. Baskı, Dora 2013). Bozgeyik H, ‘Bağlı Nama Yazılı Payların Miras Yoluyla İntikalinde Satın Alma Hakkının Kullanılmasına İlişkin Bazı Sorunlar’ (2009) 25(2) Batider 211-226. Bozkurt T, ‘Limited Şirkette Esas Sermaye Payının Devri, Devir Sınırlamaları ve Özellikle Yasal İntikallerde Ortaya Çıkabilecek Bazı Sorunlar’ in Emek Toraman Çolgar ve Abdurrahman Kayıklık (eds), Ticaret Hukukunda Genç Yaklaşımlar (Konferans Serisi No. 10) (On İki Levha 2021) 363-422 (Anılış: Sorunlar). — — ‘Yargıtay Kararları Ekseninde Anonim Şirketlerde Bağlı Nama Yazılı Paylarla İlgili Bazı Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri’, in Yasin Barış Özelci, İbrahim Bektaş (eds), Ticaret Hukuku ve Yargıtay Kararları Sempozyumu (BTHAE 2021) 119-216 (Anılış: Öneriler). — —, Anonim Şirketlerde Pay Devrinin Sınırlandırılması (Bağlam)-Die Vinkulierung (On İki Levha 2016) (Anılış: Bağlam). Can O, ‘Bilgi Alma ve İnceleme Talebi Müdürler Tarafından Reddedilen Limited Şirket Ortağının Genel Kurulda Oy Kullanıp Kullanamayacağı Sorusu Üzerine Düşünceler’ (2015) 2, ABD 45-66. Cenkci E, ‘Borsaya Kote Edilmemiş Nama Yazılı Payların Devrinde Kaçış Klozuna Başvuru Hakkının Kötüye Kullanılması’ (2021) 79 (2) İHM 379-408. Çamoğlu E, ‘Limited Ortaklıktan Çıkarılmak İstenen Ortak Genel Kurul Kararında Oy Kullanabilir mi?, in Mehmet Özdamar, Hayrettin Çağlar, Kürşat Göktürk, Mehmet Çelebi Can, Esra Kaşak, Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil, Bilge Aytuğar (eds) Prof.Dr. Rıza Ayhan’a Armağan (Yetkin 2022), 175-185. Daloğlu TÖ, Limited Şirketlerde Çıkma ve Çıkarılma (On İki Levha 2020). Demirkapı E, ‘Limited Ortaklıkta Payın Devri’ (Doktora Tezi, DEÜ SBE 2008). Dural HA, ‘Limited Şirket Esas Sermaye Payının Miras, Eşler Arası Mal Rejimi ve İcra Yoluyla Edinilmesine İlişkin TTK m. 596 Düzenlemesi Üzerine Düşünceler ve Eleştiriler’ (2018) 6 (1) KHÜHFD 111-124. Eren F, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (21. Baskı, Yetkin 2017). — — ve Yücer Aktürk İ, Türk Miras Hukuku (Yetkin 2019). Eriş G, Ticari İşletme ve Şirketler (3. Baskı, Seçkin 2017). Furrer A, Muller-Chen M ve Çetiner B, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (On İki Levha 2021). Gökberk İ.N.G, Anonim Şirketlerde Yönetim Kurulu Bakımından Eşit İşlem İlkesi (On İki Levha 2020). Günday HM, Alım hakkı, (Adalet 2021). Hırsch E, Ticaret Hukuku Dersleri (3. Bası, Hak 1948). İnan AN, Ertaş Ş ve Albaş H, Miras Hukuk (12. Baskı, Seçkin 2024). Karakaya U, ‘Limited Şirket Pay Devrinin Onaylandığı Genel Kurulda Devreden Ortağın Kullandığı Oyların Geçerliliği’ (2023) 8(3) Regesta, 363-400. Kendigelen A ve Kırca İ, Şirketler Hukuku, C. III (On İki Levha 2022). — —, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu: Değişiklikler, Yenilikler ve İlk Tespitler (3. Baskı, On İki Levha 2016). Kılıçoğlu A, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (26. Baskı, Turhan 2022) (Anılış: Borçlar). — —, Eşya Hukuku (Turhan 2021) (Anılış: Eşya). Kırca İ ve Gürel M, ‘Limited Şirket Ortağının Kendisini Çıkarmaya Yönelik Genel Kurul Kararının Alınmasında Oy Hakkına Sahip Olup Olmadığı Sorunu’, in Murat Gürel, Ufuk Tekin ve İbrahim Bektaş (eds), Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü 60. Yıl Armağanı (BTHAE 2015) 197-224. Kırkbeşoğlu N, Kanundan ve Sözleşmeden Doğan Önalım hakkı (On İki Levha 2020). Oğuzman M.K, Seliçi Ö ve Oktay Özdemir S, Eşya Hukuku, (25. Baskı, Filiz 2023). Paslı A, ‘Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Anonim Şirket Pay (Hisse) Devri’, in Abuzer Kendigelen, Müge Evlek, Nurgül Yıldız, Necdet Uzel, İsmail Cem Soykan (eds), Türk Ticaret Kanunu Sempozyumu (On İki Levha 2018) 71-139. Poroy R, Tekinalp Ü ve Çamoğlu E, Ortaklıklar Hukuku, C.2 (13. Baskı, Vedat 2017). Pulaşlı H, ‘Limited Şirketler Hukukundaki Güncel Gelişmeler ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısındaki Bazı Sorunlar’ (2009) 15(2) Batider, 37-54. — —, Şirketler Hukuku Genel Esaslar (3. Baskı, Adalet 2015). — — H, Şirketler Hukuku Şerhi, C.2 (2. Baskı, Adalet 2015). Serozan R ve İlkay Engin B, Miras Hukuku (8. Baskı, Seçkin 2022). Şener OH, Limited Ortaklıklar Hukuku (Seçkin 2017). — —, Ortaklıklar Hukuku (5. Baskı, Seçkin 2022). Taşdelen N, Limited Ortaklıklarda Çıkma, Çıkarılma ve Fesih (Yetkin 2012) Tekinalp Ü, Sermaye Ortaklıklarının Yeni Hukuku (5.Baskı, Vedat 2020). Teoman Ö, Anonim Ortaklıkta Pay Sahibinin Oy Hakkından Yoksunluğu (BTHAE 1983). Tokcan FP, Limited Ortaklıkta Oy Hakkından Yoksunluk (On İki Levha 2018). Yağmur S, Anonim Şirketlerde Eşit işlem İlkesi (On İki Levha 2020). Yavuz C, Türk Borçlar Hukuku Özel Hükümler (11. Baskı, Beta 2022). Yıldız Ş ve Özbay İ, ‘Bağlı Nama Yazılı Payların TTK m. 418 f. 4’te Yazılı Sebeplerle Kazanılmasında Yönetim Kurulu Üyeleri ile Pay Sahiplerine Tanınan Gerçek Değerden Satın Alma Hakkı’ Ticaret Hukuku ve Yargıtay Kararları Sempozyumu (BTHAE 2007) 7-40. Yıldız Ş, Limited Şirketler Hukuku (Arıkan 2007). Yılmaz G, Pay Sahipleri Sözleşmesinden Doğan Birlikte Satma Hakkı ve Birlikte Satışa Zorlama Hakkı (On İki Levha 2018). Yılmaz M ve Sulu M, ‘Limited Şirketlerde Payın Haczi’, in Abuzer Kendigelen (ed), Prof. Dr. Türkân Rado’nun Anısına Armağan (On İki Levha 2020) 799-831. Yüksel SH, ‘Borsaya Kote Edilmemiş Bağlı Nama Yazılı Payların Devrinde Şirketin Alım Önerisinde Bulunarak Onay İstemini Reddetme Hakkı (Kaçış Klozu)’ (2013) 2 GÜHFD 159-217. Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Hukuk (Diğer) Bölüm Research Article Yazarlar Aytekin Çelik KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HUKUK FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-4943-8156 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 59
Kaynak Göster APA Çelik, A. (2024). LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi (59 ), 439-470. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1515080 AMA Çelik A. LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI. TAAD. Temmuz 2024;(59):439-470. doi:10.54049/taad.1515080 Chicago Çelik, Aytekin. “LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 59 (Temmuz 2024): 439-70. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1515080. EndNote Çelik A (01 Temmuz 2024) LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 59 439–470. IEEE A. Çelik, “LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI”, TAAD , sy. 59, ss. 439–470, Temmuz 2024, doi: 10.54049/taad.1515080. ISNAD Çelik, Aytekin. “LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 59 (Temmuz 2024), 439-470. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1515080. JAMA Çelik A. LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI. TAAD . 2024;:439–470. MLA Çelik, Aytekin. “LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 59, 2024, ss. 439-70, doi:10.54049/taad.1515080. Vancouver Çelik A. LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI. TAAD. 2024(59):439-70.
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