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MAHMUD CELÂLEDDİN PAŞA Skip to content (1838-1899)
Osmanlı devlet adamı, tarihçi, hukukçu, hattat, şair ve bestekâr.
1/2 Müellif: AZMİ ÖZCAN Bölüme Git
İstanbul’un Vefa semtinde doğdu. Sadrazam Çorlulu Ali Paşa’nın beşinci kuşak torunlarından olduğu için Çorluluzâde lakabıyla da anılır. Babası Maliye …
2/2 Müellif: NURİ ÖZCAN Bölüme Git
MÛSİKİ. XIX. yüzyılda şarkılarıyla tanınmış bestekârlar arasında önemli bir yeri bulunan Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa, daha ilk mektep sıralarında iken anne…
İstanbul’un Vefa semtinde doğdu. Sadrazam Çorlulu Ali Paşa’nın beşinci kuşak torunlarından olduğu için Çorluluzâde lakabıyla da anılır. Babası Maliye Nezâreti muhasebecisi Mehmed Aziz Efendi’dir. 1849’da rüşdiyeden, 1852’de Dârülmaarif’ten mezun olmasının ardından özel hocalardan ders gördü, Arapça ve Fransızca öğrendi. Memuriyet hayatına on beş yaşında iken maaşsız olarak Meclis-i Vâlâ Mazbata Odası’nda kâtip muavinliğiyle başladı. İki yıl sonra Meclis-i Vâlâ Mühimme Dairesi’nde başkâtip oldu. Bu arada Mehmed Emin Âlî Paşa’nın dikkatini çekerek teveccühünü kazandı. 1867’de Âlî Paşa’nın maiyetinde Girit’e gitti ve paşa ile beraber beş ay kadar orada bulundu. 1868’de kurulan Şûrâ-yı Devlet’in üyeliğine getirildi ve başkâtipliğini yaptı. 1870’te Dahiliye müsteşarlığına ve âmedciliğe tayin edildi. Âlî Paşa’nın 1871’de vefatı üzerine onun çevresine güvenmeyen Mahmud Nedim Paşa tarafından görevden alındı. 1873’te Adliye Nezâreti Muhâkemat Dairesi üyeliğine, 1875’te tekrar âmedciliğe getirildi. II. Abdülhamid’in tahta çıkışının ardından azledildiyse de iki ay sonra ikinci defa Şûrâ-yı Devlet üyeliğine, 1880’de Şûrâ-yı Devlet Tanzimat Dairesi ikinci reisliğine tayin edildi. Abdülaziz’in tahttan indirilmesi ve şüpheli ölümüyle ilgili soruşturmalardaki faaliyeti ve verdiği raporlarla (jurnaller) ön plana çıktı ve kendisine 1881’de vezirlik rütbesi verildi. 1885’te Umûr-ı Nâfia Komisyonu üyeliğine seçildi. 1887’de fevkalâde memuriyetle Girit’e gönderildi. Burada kaldığı kırk günlük süre içinde ve dönüşte uğradığı Sisam’da genel asayişi düzene koymadaki başarısından dolayı padişah tarafından Murassa Osmânî nişanı ile taltif edildi. Aynı yıl içerisinde Muvâzene-i Umûmiyye Komisyonu reisi oldu. 26 Aralık 1887’de Maliye nâzırlığına getirildi. Sadrazam Yûsuf Kâmil Paşa’nın talebi üzerine 9 Ağustos 1888’de azledildi. Haziran 1889’da karışıklıkları önleme göreviyle yeniden Girit’e gönderildi. Burada bulunduğu sırada saldırıya uğrayarak başından kurşun yarası alınca İstanbul’a döndü ve ikinci defa Şûrâ-yı Devlet Tanzimat Dairesi reisliğine tayin edildiyse de kendi isteğiyle ayrıldı. Bir ara Hudâvendigâr valiliği yaptı, arkasından 30 Ağustos 1891’de Ticaret ve Nâfia nâzırı oldu. On bir gün sonra karışıklıkların yoğunlaştığı Girit’e vali vekili olarak gitti. 1894’te İstanbul’a döndü. Kasım 1895’te ikinci defa Ticaret ve Nâfia nâzırı oldu ve vefatına kadar bu görevde kaldı. 18 Ocak 1899 tarihinde İstanbul’da öldü ve Beşiktaş Yahyâ Efendi Mezarlığı’nda toprağa verildi. İki defa evlenen Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa’nın ilk eşinden daha sonra Paris büyükelçisi olan Sâlih Münir Paşa dünyaya geldi. Tanınmış bestekârlardan Şemseddin Ziyâ Bey ve Sivas eski mebuslarından Âtıf (Esenbel) ikinci eşinden oğulları, eski büyükelçilerden Melih Esenbel torunudur.
Meslek hayatında bazısı yabancı devletler tarafından olmak üzere pek çok nişanla taltif edilen Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa bulunduğu görevlerde gösterdiği başarı ile temayüz etmiştir. Keçecizâde Fuad, Mütercim Rüşdü, Mahmud Nedim ve Midhat paşalar gibi ünlü devlet adamları ile çalışmış, Sultan Abdülaziz ve II. Abdülhamid dönemlerinin siyasî olaylarına ve devlet işlerine yakından şahit olmuştur. II. Abdülhamid’e pek çok konuda ve özellikle ıslahatlarla ilgili lâyihalar hazırlamıştır. Devlet adamlığının yanı sıra bir hukuk ve tarih âlimi olan paşa, diğer taraftan yazdığı mazbata ve tezkireleri Bâbıâli kalemlerinde örnek kabul edilen döneminin en tanınmış münşilerindendi. Hat sanatının özellikle rik‘a tarzında eserler verdiği gibi mûsiki alanında da bazıları çok beğenilmiş otuz kadar bestesi günümüze ulaşmıştır. Hudâvendigâr valiliği sırasında (1891) Bursa’da bir dârülaceze yaptırdığı bilinmektedir.
Eserleri. 1. Mir’ât-ı Hakîkat . Tanzimat ve I. Meşrutiyet devirleri siyasî tarihinin iç ve dış olayları hakkında temel kaynaklardan biri olarak kabul edilir. Kendi ifadesine göre eserini bizzat şahidi olduğu hadiseler kaydederek, diğer olayları da şahitlerinden ve sözüne güvenilir kişilerden bilgi edinmek suretiyle ve ilgili belgeleri inceleyerek kaleme almıştır. Bununla birlikte zaman zaman dönemin olaylarında ve çekişmelerinde kaçınılmaz olarak taraf bulunduğundan kitapta bunun etkileri yer yer görülür. İstanbul’da üç cilt halinde basılan eserin (1326-1327) her cildi dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Baş tarafta Osmanlı-Rus ilişkilerinin son 150 yılını anlatan bir özetin ardından Sultan Abdülmecid’in cülûsuyla asıl konuya girilir. Eser İsmet Miroğlu, M. Derin, M. Hacıoğlu, Ö. Akdaş tarafından sadeleştirilerek yayımlanmıştır (İstanbul 1979-1980). Ancak bu neşir eksik olduğundan İsmet Miroğlu kitabın tamamını yine sadeleştirerek tek cilt halinde tekrar neşretmiştir (İstanbul 1983).
2. Ravzatü’l-kâmilîn (İstanbul 1289). 1703 yılında II. Mustafa’nın tahttan indirilmesi ve yerine III. Ahmed’in cülûsu ile sonuçlanan Edirne Vak‘ası’ndan bahseden Mehmed Şefik Efendi’nin Şefiknâme adlı eserinin şerhidir.
Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa’nın yayımlanmış diğer eserleri de şunlardır: Âsâr-ı Manzûme (İstanbul 1311); Münşeât-ı Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa (İstanbul 1312); Miftâhu’l-esrâr (Bekā-yı Ruh ; Celb-i Ervâh , İstanbul 1326); Ahlâk (İstanbul 1327). Müellifin 1282-1285 (1865-1868) Girit olaylarını ele alan Girid İhtilâli Tarihi adlı eseriyle (kendi hattıyla yazma olarak İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 4150) Mecmûa-i Eş‘âr (İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 9654) henüz yayımlanmamıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
BA, YEE , 114 / 52, 09/N/1310; 114/53, 21/M/1297; 114/69, 02/Ra/1309; 114/76, 11/B/1299; 115/7, 30/Z/1297; 80/6, 27/L/1313; 128/125, 04/N/1299; 84/135, 29/Z/1305; 14/68, 13/Za/1306.
BA , Yıldız-Perakende, Arzuhal ve Jurnaller, 16/51 (25/C/1307); 16/113 (09/N/1307).
BA , Yıldız-Perakende, Tahrîrât-ı Ecnebiyye ve Mâbeyn Mütercimliği, 4/35, 03/B/1313; 32/30, 04/S/1312.
BA , Yıldız-Perakende, Ticaret ve Nâfia Nezâreti Mâruzatı, 4/46, 15/Z/1313.
BA , Yıldız-Perakende, Serkurenâlık, 2/61, 02/Z/1306.
İbnülemin, Son Asır Türk Şairleri , s. 206-210.
a.mlf., Son Hattatlar , İstanbul 1970, s. 725-728.
İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, “Mahmut Celâlettin Paşa’ya Dair”, Resimli Tarih Mecmuası , sy. 49, İstanbul 1954, s. 2840-2845; sy. 50 (1955), s. 2906-2911.
Emin Nedret İşli, “İstanbul Mezartaşlarının Yaşamöyküleri Açısından Önemi”, Kitaplık , sy. 36, İstanbul 1999, s. 217-219.
TA , XXIII, 172-173.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2003 yılında Ankara’da basılan 27. cildinde, 359-360 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
MÛSİKİ. XIX. yüzyılda şarkılarıyla tanınmış bestekârlar arasında önemli bir yeri bulunan Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa, daha ilk mektep sıralarında iken annesinden almaya başladığı mûsiki bilgilerini daha sonra Dellâlzâde İsmâil Efendi ile geliştirdi. Bu arada dönemin diğer mûsikişinaslarından ders alarak kendini yetiştirdi. Şiirle de uğraşan ve manzumelerinde “Celâl” mahlasını kullanan paşa şarkılarının pek çoğunun güftesini kendisi yazmış, ayrıca güfteleri birçok mûsikişinas tarafından bestelenmiştir. 200’ün üzerinde eser bestelemesine rağmen bunlardan ancak otuz kadarı günümüze ulaşabilmiştir (bu eserlerin listesi için bk. BTMA , II, 9). Eserlerinin ara nağmelerini Kemençeci Vasilaki’ye yaptırdığı söylenen Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa, Hacı Ârif Bey ve Şevki Bey’in etkilerinin sezildiği lirik ve akıcı bir üslûpla bestelediği eserlerinde prozodinin güzel örneklerini ortaya koymuştur.
Eserleri içinde, “Nâr-ı firkat şûle-pâş oldukça sînem dağlıyor” mısraıyla başlayan bayatî, “Sevdiğim cemâlin çünki göremem” mısraıyla başlayan hüseynî, “Dil-i bîçâre seninçün yanıyor” mısraıyla başlayan ısfahan, “Sen beni bir bûseye ettin fedâ” mısraıyla başlayan kürdîli-hicazkâr, “Fitneler gizlemiş mahmûr gözüne” mısraıyla başlayan rast şarkıları günümüzde de zevkle çalınıp okunan eserler arasındadır.
Parlak sesinin yanı sıra tavır sahibi bir hânende olan Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa’nın özelliklerinden biri de dönemin önemli mûsikişinaslarını teşvik ve himaye ederek onlara yeni imkânlar sunmuş olmasıdır. Yazın Büyükada ve Çubuklu’daki evi, kışın önceleri Aksaray’da, son zamanlarında Nişantaşı’ndaki konağı, İstanbul’un seçkin mûsikişinaslarının haftanın belirli günlerinde toplanması ile mûsiki icra ve sohbetlerinin yapıldığı birer sanat mahfili haline gelmiştir. Tanbûrî Cemil Bey, Kemençeci Vasilaki ve Lemi Atlı gibi pek çok ünlü sanatkârın yetişmesinde Mahmud Celâleddin Paşa’nın büyük rolü olmuştur. Çocuklarından Şemseddin Ziyâ Bey de Türk mûsikisinin şarkı bestekârlarındandır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Mesud Cemil, Tanburî Cemil’in Hayatı , Ankara 1947, s. 56, 74, 85, 107-109.
İbnülemin, Hoş Sadâ , s. 218-219.
Vural Sözer, Müzik ve Müzisyenler Ansiklopedisi , İstanbul 1964, s. 259.
Mustafa Rona, Yirminci Yüzyıl Türk Musikisi , İstanbul 1970, s. 15-16.
Sadün Aksüt, Türk Musikîsinin 100 Bestekârı , İstanbul 1993, s. 220-222.
Özalp, Türk Mûsikîsi Tarihi , I, 616-618.
Öztuna, BTMA , II, 7-9.
Mehmet Güntekin, “Mahmud Celaleddin Paşa”, DBİst.A , V, 267.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2003 yılında Ankara’da basılan 27. cildinde, 360 numaralı sayfada yer almıştır.