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Matematiksel Soyutlama ve Problem Çözme Dinamikleri: Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Performansları Skip to content Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 30 – 46, 31.12.2023
Zeynep Arslan , Hasan Unal
Öz The aim of this study is to examine the connection between problem solving in multiple ways and mathematical abstraction in mathematics. In other words, the relationship between the solution of a problem in different ways and the abstraction (generalization) of the solution of that problem was investigated. Abstraction is the basis of conceptual understanding. Mathematical abstraction is a multidimensional concept, one of which can be expressed as generalization. Abstraction is constantly progressing, starting with Euclid, who took geometry to the first stage of abstraction and established its axiometric structure, and has been generalized by many scientists (Lobachevsky, Bolyai & Gauss) with non-Euclidean geometries and will continue to be generalized. Ensuring students’ transition to the stage of mathematical abstraction is more effective than repeated calculations. In this study, the survey model was used to determine the transitions to the abstraction phase in problem solving dynamics. The participants of the study were pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in the elementary mathematics teaching program at a state university in the Marmara region of Turkey. In order to examine the dynamics of individual solutions and transition to the mathematical abstraction stage, pre-service mathematics teachers were given a problem that can be solved in multiple ways (at least seven ways) for the concept of angles in quadrilaterals belonging to the geometry learning domain, and the answers of the participants were collected in writing. Document analysis was used in data analysis. As a result of the analysis, categories were formed, and the levels of association between the individual solutions and the mathematical abstraction dimension that the participants made connections between those who passed the abstraction phase and those who did not, as well as the differences in the paths used by the participants in the transition to the abstraction phase were evaluated. The importance of taking into account that each student has a different learning style, perception level and perspective was emphasized.
Anahtar Kelimeler problem solving, mathematical abstraction, Mathematics education, multiple path problem solving, generalization
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Mathematical problem solving. Academic Press. Schoenfeld, A. H. (2009). Working with schools: The story of a mathematics education collaboration. American Mathematical Monthly, 116(3), 197-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2009.11920930 Schoenfeld, A. H. (2013). Reflections on problem solving theory and practice. The Mathematics Enthusiast, 10(1), 9-34. https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1258 Sierpinska, A. (1994). Understandings in mathematics. London: Falmer Press. Skemp, R. (1986). The physcology of learning mathematics (2nd Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. https://doi.org/10.2307/3616203 Türk Dil Kurumu. (2023). Türkçe sözlük. Ankara: TDK Yayınları. Wiersma, W. (2000). Research methods in education: An introduction (7th Ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn ve Bacon A Pearson Education Company. Van De Walle, J., Karp, K.S. and Bay-Williams, J.M. (2012). İlkokul ve Ortaokul Matematiği Gelişimsel Yaklaşımla Öğretim (Çev. Ed. S. Durmuş, 7. Basımdan Çeviri). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Yılmaz, R. (2011). Matematiksel soyutlama ve genelleme süreçlerinde görselleştirme ve rolü (Yayın No. 279755) [Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi] Zembat, İ. Ö. (2007). Yansıma dönüşümü, doğrudan öğretim ve yapılandırmacılığın temel bileşenleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 195-213.
Matematiksel Soyutlama ve Problem Çözme Dinamikleri: Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Performansları Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 30 – 46, 31.12.2023
Zeynep Arslan , Hasan Unal
Öz Bu çalışmanın amacı, matematikte çoklu yoldan problem çözme ile matematiksel soyutlama arasındaki bağlantıyı incelemektir. Bir başka deyişle farklı yollardan bir problemin çözümü ile o problemin çözümünün soyutlanması (genellenmesi) arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl olduğu araştırılmıştır. Soyutlama, kavramsal anlamanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Matematiksel soyutlama, çok boyutlu bir kavram olup, bunlardan bir tanesi genelleme olarak ifade edilebilir. Soyutlama, sürekli ilerleme kaydetmektedir, şöyle ki geometriyi ilk soyutlama evresine taşıyan, aksiyomatik yapısını kuran Öklid ile başlayıp, pek çok bilim adamı (Lobachevsky, Bolyai ve Gauss) tarafından Öklid dışı geometriler de genelleştirilmiştir ve yeni geometriler genelleştirilmeye devam edilecektir. Öğrencilerin matematiksel soyutlama evresine geçişlerini sağlamak defalarca hesaplama yapmaktan daha etkilidir. Bu araştırmada problem çözme dinamiklerindeki soyutlama evresine geçişleri tespit etmek için tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, Marmara bölgesinde bir devlet üniversitesinde ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği programına kayıtlı öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Bireysel çözümler ile matematiksel soyutlama evresine geçiş dinamiklerini incelemek için matematik öğretmen adaylarına geometri öğrenme alanına ait dörtgende açılar kavramına yönelik çoklu yoldan çözülebilen (en az yedi yol) bir problem verilmiş, katılımcılar cevapları yazılı olarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucu kategoriler oluşturulmuş olup, soyutlama evresine geçip geçemeyenler, sonrasında geçenlerden bağlantı kurdukları bireysel çözümler ve matematiksel soyutlama boyutu arasında ilişkilendirme düzeyleri, bununla birlikte katılımcıların soyutlama evresine geçişteki kullandıkları patikalardaki farklılıklar değerlendirilmiştir. Her öğrencinin farklı öğrenme stiline, algılama düzeyi, perspektifinin olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmasının önemi vurgulamıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler problem çözme, matematiksel soyutlama, Matematik eğitimi, çoklu yoldan problem çözme, genelleme
Kaynakça Açıl, E. (2015). Ortaokul 3. sınıf öğrencilerin denklem kavramına yönelik soyutlama süreçlerinin incelenmesi: APOS Teorisi (Yayın No. 418252) [Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi] Altun, M. & Arslan, Ç. (2006). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin problem çözme stratejilerini öğrenmeleri üzerine bir çalışma. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 1-21. Arcavi, A., & Schoenfeld, A. H. (2008). Using the unfamiliar to problematize the familiar. Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education,8(3), 280-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/14926150802315122 Arıkan, E. E., & Ünal, H (2012). Farklı profillere sahip öğrencilerle çoklu yoldan problem çözme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 76-84. Arnon, I., Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., Oktac, A., Roa, S., Trigueros, M., & Weller, K. (2014). APOS theory: A framework for research and curriculum development in mathematics education. 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Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452230153 Coşar, Y. (2011). İlköğretim altıncı sınıf matematik dersi çalışma kitabındaki soruların kapsam geçerlik ve yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisinin bilişsel süreç boyutuna göre analizi. (Yayın No. 299733) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi] Davydov, V. V. (1990). Types of Generalization in Instruction: Logical and Psychological Problems in the Structuring of School Curricula. Soviet Studies in Mathematics Education. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1906 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091. Dienes, Z.P., (1961). On abstraction and generalization. Harward Educational Review, 31(3), 281-301. Dienes, Z. P. (1963). An experimental study of mathematics-learning. London, England: Hutchinson. Demir, İ., Kılıç, S. ve Ünal, H. (2010). Effects of students’ and schools’ characteristics on mathematics achievement: Findings from PISA 2006. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3099-3103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.472 Dreyfus, T. (1991). On the status of visual reasoning in mathematics and mathematics education. In F. Furinghetti (Ed.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. I, s. 33-48). Assisi, Italy: PME Program Committee. Dubinsky, E. (1991). Constructive aspects of reflective abstraction in advanced mathematics. Epistomological Foundations of Mathematical Experience. (s. 160-187). New York: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3178-3_9 Ekiz, D. (2003). Eğitimde araştırma yöntem ve metodlarına giriş. Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık. Liu, H. P. (2003). Do teachers need to incorporate the history of mathematics in their teaching? Mathematics Teacher, 96(6), 416-421. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2013). Ortaokul matematik dersi 5-8.sınıflar öğretim programı. Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2018). Matematik dersi öğretim programı (ilkokul ve ortaokul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar). Ankara: TTK Başkanlığı National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for the school Mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Noss, R., & Hoyles, C. (1996). The visibility of meanings: Modelling the mathematics of banking. International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning, 1(1), 3-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00191470 Olkun, S. ve Toluk Uçar, Z. (2012). İlköğretimde etkinlik temelli matematik öğretimi. Beşinci Basım. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap. Özmantar, M. F. (2005). An investigation of the formation of mathematical abstractions through scaffolding (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Leeds. Piaget, J. (2001). Studies in reflecting abstraction (Trans. R. L. Campbell). Sussex, England: Psychology Press. Russell, B. (1926). Education and the good life. New York: Liveright. Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985). Mathematical problem solving. Academic Press. Schoenfeld, A. H. (2009). Working with schools: The story of a mathematics education collaboration. American Mathematical Monthly, 116(3), 197-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2009.11920930 Schoenfeld, A. H. (2013). Reflections on problem solving theory and practice. The Mathematics Enthusiast, 10(1), 9-34. https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1258 Sierpinska, A. (1994). Understandings in mathematics. London: Falmer Press. Skemp, R. (1986). The physcology of learning mathematics (2nd Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. https://doi.org/10.2307/3616203 Türk Dil Kurumu. (2023). Türkçe sözlük. Ankara: TDK Yayınları. Wiersma, W. (2000). Research methods in education: An introduction (7th Ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn ve Bacon A Pearson Education Company. Van De Walle, J., Karp, K.S. and Bay-Williams, J.M. (2012). İlkokul ve Ortaokul Matematiği Gelişimsel Yaklaşımla Öğretim (Çev. Ed. S. Durmuş, 7. Basımdan Çeviri). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Yılmaz, R. (2011). Matematiksel soyutlama ve genelleme süreçlerinde görselleştirme ve rolü (Yayın No. 279755) [Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi] Zembat, İ. Ö. (2007). Yansıma dönüşümü, doğrudan öğretim ve yapılandırmacılığın temel bileşenleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 195-213. Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Eğitimi (Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Hariç) Bölüm Matematiksel Soyutlama ve Problem Çözme Dinamikleri: Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Performansları Yazarlar Zeynep Arslan İSTANBUL MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-5135-8246 Türkiye
Hasan Unal YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4
Kaynak Göster APA Arslan, Z., & Unal, H. (2023). Matematiksel Soyutlama ve Problem Çözme Dinamikleri: Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Performansları. Türk Eğitim Değerlendirmeleri Dergisi, 4(4), 30-46.
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