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MENÂKIBNÂME Skip to content Velîlerin daha çok kerametlerinin anlatıldığı eserlerin genel adı.
Sözlükte “övünülecek güzel iş, hareket” mânasına gelen menkabe (menkıbe ) kelimesinin çoğulu olan menâkıb bu anlamıyla ilk defa, III. (IX.) yüzyıldan itibaren yazılan hadis kitaplarında Hz. Peygamber’in ashabının faziletlerine dair hadisleri ihtiva eden bölümlerin adı olarak (Kitâbü’l-Menâkıb) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Menâkıb kelimesinin ayrıca halifeler (İbnü’l-Cezerî, Esne’l-meṭâlib fî menâḳıbi Seyyidinâ ʿAlî b. Ebî Ṭâlib ), bir kabile veya soy (İbn Şehrâşûb, Menâḳıbü âli Ebî Ṭâlib ), mezhep imamları (Menâḳıbü’l-İmâmi’l-Aʿẓam ) hakkında yazılan eserlerle kutsal şehirleri tasvir eden metinlerin (Menâḳıb-ı Mekke-i Mükerreme , Menâḳıb-ı Ḳudüs-i Şerîf ) adında hadis kitaplarındaki gibi “fazilet” mânasında geçtiği görülmektedir.
Tasavvufun III. (IX.) yüzyıldan sonra İslâm dünyasında yaygınlık kazanmasıyla birlikte menkıbe kelimesi sûfîlerin hikmetli sözlerini ve örnek alınacak faziletli davranışlarını ifade etmek için kullanılmaya başlanmış, bu alanda III. (IX.) yüzyılda kaleme alınan Ṭabaḳātü’ṣ-ṣûfiyye (Sülemî), Keşfü’l-maḥcûb (Hücvîrî), er-Risâle (Kuşeyrî) gibi tasavvufî eserlerde Bâyezîd-i Bistâmî, Cüneyd-i Bağdâdî, Ebû Hafs el-Haddâd gibi sûfîlerin hikmetli sözlerine ve faziletli davranışlarına yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca Târîḫu Baġdâd , Târîḫu Buḫârâ gibi bölge ve şehir tarihlerinde buralarda yetişen sûfîler hakkında bilgi verilirken onların menkıbelerine temas edilmiştir. V. (XI.) yüzyıldan itibaren Kādiriyye ve Rifâiyye gibi ilk büyük tarikatların teşekkül etmesiyle birlikte menkıbenin muhtevasına “keramet” kavramı da eklenmiş, Abdülkādir-i Geylânî, Ahmed er-Rifâî gibi tarikat pîrleri velîler için vefatlarının ardından yazılan eserlerde gösterdikleri kerametlerin anlatılmaya başlanmasıyla menkıbe kelimesi giderek kerametle aynı anlamda kullanılır olmuş, böylece bir tasavvufî tür olarak menâkıb metinleri (menâkıbnâme) ve menâkıb yazma geleneği ortaya çıkmıştır. Sûfî olmayan müelliflerden Ebü’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî’nin Hz. Ömer, Ömer b. Abdülazîz, Hasan-ı Basrî ve Ahmed b. Hanbel’in biyografileriyle ilgili Menâḳıb adlı eserleri yanında Ma‘rûf-i Kerhî’ye dair onun kerametlerini de anlattığı kitabına Menâḳıb adını verdiği, Muhammed b. Münevver’in Ebû Saîd-i Ebü’l-Hayr’a dair menâkıbının Esrârü’t-tevḥîd fî maḳāmâti’ş-Şeyḫ Ebî Saʿîd , Abdülkerîm b. Muhammed er-Râfiî’nin Ahmed er-Rifâî’ye dair menâkıbının Sevâdü’l-ʿayneyn fî menâḳıbi’l-ġavs̱ Ebi’l-ʿAlemeyn , Şattanûfî’nin Abdülkādir-i Geylânî’ye dair menâkıbının Behcetü’l-esrâr adını taşıdığı, böylece bu dönemde tasavvufî çevreler dışında da menâkıb yazıldığı, tasavvuf çevrelerinde kaleme alınan menâkıb niteliği taşıyan eserlere başka adlar da verildiği görülmektedir. Menâkıb kelimesi sonraki dönemlerde sadece tasavvufî nitelik taşıyan menâkıb kitapları için kullanılmış, VI. (XII.) yüzyıldan itibaren tasavvufun tarikatlar şeklinde örgütlenip İslâm dünyasında yaygınlaşmaya başlamasından sonra hemen her tarikatın pîri, tarikatın tanınmış şeyhleri veya genellikle sûfîler hakkında menâkıb kitapları yazılmıştır. Menâkıb adı dışında ayrıca “tezkire” (Attâr, Teẕkiretü’l-evliyâʾ ), “reşehât” (Safî, Reşeḥât-ı ʿAynü’l-ḥayât ), “makāmât” (Maḳāmât-ı Yûsuf Hemedânî ), “nefehât” (Abdurrahman-ı Câmî, Nefeḥâtü’l-üns ) gibi farklı isimler de verilmekle birlikte menâkıb niteliği taşıyan eserlerin yazılmasına günümüze kadar devam edilmiştir.
Temel unsuru keramet ve onu gösteren velîlerin yüceltilmesi olan menâkıb kitapları başlangıçta sadece tarikat pîrleri için yazılmış, zamanla muhtevası tarikat içinde önemli yere sahip şeyhleri, tarikatın silsilesinde yer alan diğer sûfîleri ve şeyhin halifeleriyle şeyh ailelerini de içine alacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Ayrıca bir bölge veya şehirde yaşayan velîlerin menkıbelerinin anlatıldığı Menâḳıb-ı Evliyâʾ-i Mıṣır , Teẕkire-i Evliyâʾ-i Baġdâd , Menâḳıb-ı Evliyâʾ-i Baġdâd gibi eserler kaleme alınmıştır.
Osmanlı devrinde padişah, sadrazam, vezirlerin hayatlarına ve kahramanlıklarına dair yazılan eserlere de (Menâkıb-ı Mahmud Paşa-i Velî , Menâkıb-ı Sultan Süleyman , Mecmûa-ı Menâkıb-ı Vüzerâ ) menâkıb adı verilmiştir. Yahşi Fakih’in ilk Osmanlı tarihi olarak kabul edilen kitabı Menâkıbnâme adını taşımaktadır. Ancak bu eserlerin yukarıda anlatılan türü ifade etmediği açıktır.
Evliya menkıbeleri masal, efsane ve destan gibi olağan üstü olayların anlatıldığı edebî türler içinde değerlendirilmekle birlikte konularının gerçek ve kutsal kişiler (velîler) olması, bunların yaşadıkları zaman ve mekânın bilinmesi, anlatılan olayın gerçek olduğuna inanılması, sade bir üslûpla yazılmış olmaları itibariyle diğer türlerden ayrılır (Ocak, Kültür Tarihi Kaynağı Olarak Menâkıbnâmeler , s. 34). Menâkıb kitapları, kerametleri nakledilen velînin yüceliğini müridlere anlatarak onun tarikata daha sıkı şekilde bağlanmasını sağlamak, tarikata yaygınlık kazandırmak amacıyla genellikle o tarikatın mensuplarından biri tarafından sözlü gelenek ve yazılı kaynakların derlenmesiyle meydana getirilir. Bir tek velîyi (Kutbüddin el-Yûnînî, Menâḳıbü’ş-Şeyḫ ʿAbdilḳādir el-Gîlânî ) veya bir tarikata mensup velîleri (Ahmed Eflâkî, Menâḳıbü’l-ʿârifîn ) anlatan menâkıblar yanında farklı dönemlerde yaşamış çeşitli tarikatlara mensup velîleri (Nebhânî, Câmiʿu kerâmâti’l-evliyâʾ ) anlatan menâkıbnâme niteliğinde kitaplar da vardır.
Bu tür kitaplara Türk kültüründe genellikle menâkıbnâme adı verilmiştir. Ayrıca “tezkire” (Tezkire-i Satuk Buğra Han ), “kerâmât” (Kerâmât-ı Ahî Evran ) ve “vilâyetnâme” (Vilâyetnâme-i Hacı Bektaş ) kelimeleri de menâkıbnâme yerine kullanılmıştır. Kahramanların hayat ve maceralarından, olağan üstü kuvvetlerinden bahseden Battalnâme , Dânişmendnâme , Saltuknâme gibi dinî-destanî eserleri de menâkıbnâme türü içinde değerlendirenler vardır. Bu bağlamda V. (XI.) yüzyılda telif edilen ve Karahanlı Hükümdarı Satuk Buğra Han’ın hayatını anlatan, ancak asıl nüshası günümüze ulaşmayan Tezkire-i Satuk Buğra Han ’ın, kahramanı olan hükümdarın kerametler gösteren bir velî hüviyetinde olması ve eserdeki menkıbelerin tam anlamıyla birer evliya menkıbesi özelliği taşıması sebebiyle ilk Türk menâkıbnâmesi sayılabileceği belirtilmektedir. Tasavvufun yanı sıra şamanların ruh ve cinlerle mücadelelerini, öbür dünyaya gidip gizli güçlerle temas kurmalarını anlatan hikâyeleri ihtiva eden eski Türk efsane ve destanlarıyla Orta Asya’da Türkler ve bilhassa Uygurlar arasında kabul gören Budizm’deki olağan üstü güçlere sahip “aziz” telakkisi, ayrıca İslâmiyet’i yaymaya çalışan İranlı mutasavvıfların tasavvuf kaynaklarındaki menkıbeleri Türkler’e nakletmeleri, yeni müslüman olan Türk çevrelerinde evliya menkıbelerinin teşekkülünde ve yaygınlaşmasında etkili olmuştur.
Türkler arasında Tezkire-i Satuk Buğra Han ’dan sonra ilk olarak Türkistanlı mutasavvıf Hoca Ahmed Yesevî ile ilgili menâkıbnâmeler yazılmıştır. Bunlardan en eskisi Siğnâkī’nin (ö. 711/1311 [?]) Ahmed Yesevî’nin hayatını, şahsiyetini ve halk arasında yaşayan rivayetleri anlatan Menâkıb-ı Ahmed Yesevî adlı eserdir (Tosun, III/1 [1988], s. 73-81). Sadreddin Konevî, Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî, Evhadüddîn-i Kirmânî, Fahreddîn-i Irâkī, Necmeddîn-i Dâye gibi sûfîlerin yaşadığı, önemli tasavvufî eserlerin telif edildiği Anadolu Selçukluları devrinde birçok menâkıbnâme yazılmıştır. Bunlardan ikisi dönemin önemli ismi Mevlânâ ve ailesi hakkındadır. Birinci eser Ferîdûn-i Sipehsâlâr’ın Mevlânâ’dan, babasından, hocaları ve müridlerinden bahseden Risâle-i Sipehsâlâr be Menâḳıb-ı Hażret-i Ḫüdâvendigâr ’ıdır. İkincisi VIII. (XIV.) yüzyılda Ahmed Eflâkî tarafından kaleme alınan Menâḳıbü’l-ʿârifîn ’dir. Mevlânâ’nın torunu Ârif Çelebi’nin müridi olan Eflâkî şeyhinin isteği üzerine yazdığı eserinde Mevlânâ’dan, hocalarından ve halifelerinden bahsetmiştir.
VII. (XIII.) yüzyılda Abdülkerîm b. Şeyh Mûsâ’nın Konya ve Akşehir civarında yaşadığı bilinen Seyyid Hârun’a dair Menâkıb-ı (Makālât-ı) Seyyid Hârûn-ı Velî , Sadreddin Konevî hakkındaki Menâkıb-ı Sadreddîn-i Konevî , Baba İlyas ve Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî ile görüştüğü bilinen Mahmûd-ı Hayrânî’nin menkıbelerinin toplandığı, günümüze ulaşmayan Menâkıb-ı Seyyid Mahmûd-ı Hayrânî ile Amasya ve Tokat civarında yaşadığı bilinen Seyyid Ahmed-i Kûçek Rifâî adına yazılan menâkıbnâme ve Gülşehrî’nin Kerâmât-ı Ahî Evran ’ı da bu döneme ait eserlerdir.
Anadolu beylikleri zamanında menâkıbnâme türü eserler yazılmaya devam etmiş, Elvan Çelebi, Baba İlyas, Dede Garkın ve Âşık Paşa’nın menkıbelerinden bahsettiği önemli eseri Menâkıbü’l-kudsiyye fî menâsıbi’l-ünsiyye ’yi, Hatîb-i Fârsî de Kalenderîliğin pîri Cemâleddîn-i Sâvî’nin hayatını ve menkıbelerini anlattığı Menâḳıb-ı Cemâleddîn-i Sâvî ’yi bu devirde yazmışlardır.
Osmanlı döneminde farklı türde menâkıbnâme örnekleri görülür. Battalnâme ve Dânişmendnâme türünün son halkası olan Ebülhayr Rûmî’nin Saltuknâme ’si bu devirde kaleme alınmıştır. Ebülhayr Rûmî, Cem Sultan’ın emriyle 1480’lerde yazdığı Saltuknâme ’de Sarı Saltuk’un Rumeli’nin fethinde gösterdiği kahramanlıkları ve olağan üstü güçlerle mücadelelerini anlatmaktadır.
“Vilâyetnâme” adı verilen Bektaşî menâkıbnâmeleri IX. (XV.) yüzyılın son çeyreğinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Uzun Firdevsî tarafından yazıldığı tahmin edilen ve Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî’nin hayatını, devlet adamları ve âlimlerle ilişkilerini, Sulucakarahöyük’e yerleşmesini ve ölümünü anlatan Vilâyetnâme-i Hacı Bektaş Velî bu türün en tanınmış örneğidir. Vilâyetnâme-i Abdal Mûsâ , Vilâyetnâme-i Seyyid Ali Sultan , Vilâyetnâme-i Sultan Şücâeddin , Vilâyetnâme-i Otman Baba ve Vilâyetnâme-i Koyun Baba Bektaşî geleneği içinde ortaya çıkan diğer menâkıbnâmeler arasında zikredilebilir.
IX. (XV.) yüzyılda Anadolu’da tarikatların iyice yayılmasına paralel olarak menâkıbnâme yazımında belirgin bir artış görülmüştür. Şeyh Bedreddin Simâvî’nin torunu Halîl b. İsmaîl’in Şeyh Bedreddin’e yönelik iddialara cevap niteliği taşıyan Menâkıb-ı Şeyh Bedreddin İbn Kādî İsrâil ’i, Fâtih Sultan Mehmed döneminin Halvetî şeyhlerinden Kemal Ümmî’nin hayatının anlatıldığı, Âşık Ahmed tarafından kaleme alınan Menâkıb-ı Kemal Ümmî , Emîr Sultan Tekkesi postnişinlerinden Yahyâ b. Bahşî’nin yazdığı Menâkıb-ı Emîr Sultan (Menâkıb-ı Cevâhir) XV. yüzyıla ait önemli eserlerdir.
X. (XVI.) yüzyılda Emîr Sultan adına Ni‘metullah Efendi, Mehmed Şevki, Senâî Çelebi ve Zeynelâbidîn b. Hacı Kāsım tarafından dört ayrı menâkıbnâme kaleme alınmıştır. Muhyî-yi Gülşenî’nin Menâkıb-ı İbrâhim Gülşenî ’si, anonim Menâkıb-ı Şeyh Safiyyeddîn-i Erdebilî , Enîsî’nin Menâkıb-ı Akşemseddin ’i, Menâkıb-ı Kaygusuz Baba , Hoca İbrâhim’in Menâkıb-ı Pîrî Baba ’sı, Vâhidî’nin Menâkıb-ı Hoca-i Cihân ’ı, Hazînî’nin Cevâhirü’l-ebrâr ’ı XVI. yüzyılda yazılan diğer önemli menâkıbnâmelerdir.
XI-XII. (XVII-XVIII.) yüzyıllarda kaleme alınan menâkıbnâme sayısında büyük bir artış görülmektedir. Anonim Menâkıb-ı Şeyh Üftâde , Ömer Fuâdî’nin Menâkıb-ı Şerîf-i Pîr-i Halvetî Hazret-i Şa‘bân-ı Velî ’si, Şeyh Lutfî’nin Niyâzî-i Mısrî’ye dair Tuhfetü’l-asrî fî menâkıbi’l-Mısrî ’si, Abdürrezzak Efendi’nin Tuhfetü’l-ahbâb fî Menâkıbı Şeyh Vefâ ’sı ve Menâkıb-ı Emîr Buhârî ’si, Hasîb Üsküdârî’nin Menâkıb-ı Şeyh Mehmed Emin Tokadî ’si, İbrâhim Has’ın Şeyh Karabâş-ı Velî’nin halifesi Hasan Ünsî’nin menkıbelerinden bahseden Menâkıb-ı Ünsî Hasan Efendi ’si, Mehmed Dâî’nin Beşiktâşî Yahyâ Efendi’ye dair menâkıbı bu dönemde yazılan eserlerden bazılarıdır. XVII ve XVIII. yüzyıllarda aynı tarikata mensup velîlere dair tarikat menâkıbnâmeleri de kaleme alınmıştır. Bu türün başlıca eserleri şunlardır: Münîrî Belgradî, Silsiletü’l-mukarrebîn ve menâkıbi’l-müttekīn ; Hulvî, Lemezât-ı Hulviyye ez Lemeât-ı Ulviyye ; Yûsuf Sinan Efendi, Menâkıb-ı Şerîf ve Tarîkatnâme-i Pîrân ve Meşâyih-i Tarîkat-ı Aliyye-i Halvetiyye ; Sâkıb Dede, Sefîne-i Nefîse-i Mevleviyân ; İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî, Silsilenâme-i Celvetiyye ; Şeyh Mehmed Nazmi, Hediyyetü’l-ihvân . Osmanlı döneminde Anadolu dışında özellikle İran sahasında Nakşibendiyye ve Kādiriyye gibi tarikatlar faaliyet göstermiş, bu tarikatlara mensup şeyhler hakkında Kâşifî’nin Reşeḥât ’ı başta olmak üzere menâkıbnâmeler kaleme alınmıştır (Storey, s. 981-1067).
Türk tarihçilerinin büyük çoğunluğu menâkıbnâmeleri olağan üstü olaylarla dolu, gerçekle ilgisi bulunmayan eserler olarak gördüğünden bunları tarihî kaynak olarak kabul etmemiştir. Avrupa’da ise hıristiyan azizlerinin hayatına dair eserler eski dönemlerden itibaren yaygın biçimde kullanılmış, özellikle XIX. yüzyıldan sonra bu tür kitaplar “hagiographie” adı altında toplanmış, dikkatli bir tenkitten geçirilerek din, tarih, sosyoloji gibi alanlarda istifadeye sunulmuştur.
Türk tarihçiliğinde evliya menâkıbnâmelerini bu anlamda ilk defa M. Fuad Köprülü, Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar adlı eserinde Ahmed Yesevî ile ilgili bölümü yazarken kullanmıştır. Köprülü, daha sonra “Anadolu Selçuklu Tarihinin Yerli Kaynakları” adlı makalesinde (bk. bibl.) menâkıbnâmelerden tarihî kaynak olarak faydalanılmasının gereğinden bahsetmiş, onun ardından Zeki Velidi Togan, Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı, Orhan Köprülü, Agâh Sırrı Levend ve Ahmed Yaşar Ocak bu eserlerin tarih bakımından önemini ortaya koymuştur.
Menâkıbnâmelerden faydalanmak suretiyle bazı tarihî olay ve şahsiyetler hakkında diğer kaynaklarda rastlanmayan bilgilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Menâkıbnâmeler ayrıca dönemin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, dinî özelliklerine, gelenek ve göreneklerine dair çok zengin malzeme ihtiva etmektedir. Zeki Velidi Togan, Bahâeddin Nakşibend’in menkıbelerinden hareketle o devirde Çağatay emîrleri arasındaki mücadele ve entrikalar, kıtlık dolayısıyla yükselen ekmek fiyatları ve “adlî” adı verilen Hârizm dinarının kullanılması hakkındaki bilgilere ulaştığını belirtmiştir (Tarihte Usûl , s. 49-50). Menâkıbü’l-ʿârifîn ’den, Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî’nin Selçuklu ve Moğol hükümdarlarıyla münasebetleri, Baycu ve Geyhatu’nun Konya’yı tahrip etmeleri, dervişlerin yaşantıları, Selçuklu-Moğol ilişkileri, Mevlevîliğin Bektaşîlik ve diğer tarikatlarla, Mevlânâ’nın torunu Ârif Çelebi’nin Saruhanoğulları ile münasebetleri gibi pek çok konuda bilgi sahibi olmak mümkündür. Vilâyetnâme-i Koyun Baba ’dan Osmancık merkezli olmak üzere Orta Anadolu’daki halkın sosyal ve ekonomik durumu, inançları, şeyhin Fâtih Sultan Mehmed ve II. Bayezid ile ilişkileri, Vilâyetnâme-i Otman Baba ’dan Balkan fetihleri, Vilâyetnâme-i Abdal Mûsâ ’dan Teke yöresindeki Türkmenler’in hayat tarzları, inançları, içlerinde yaşattıkları İslâm öncesi Türk dönemine ait izler, Bektaşî menâkıbnâmelerinden eski Türk gelenek ve görenekleri, diğer dinlerin Bektaşî menâkıbnâmeleri üzerine etkileri hakkında orijinal bilgiler edinmek mümkündür.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
M. Fuad Köprülü, Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar (haz. Orhan F. Köprülü), Ankara 1993, s. 16 vd.
a.mlf., Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi (İstanbul 1926), İstanbul 1980, s. 47-64, 254-260.
a.mlf., “Anadolu Selçuklu Tarihinin Yerli Kaynakları”, TTK Belleten , VII/27 (1943), s. 379-522.
TCYK , s. 443-571.
Zeki Velidi Togan, Tarihte Usûl (İstanbul 1950), İstanbul 1985, s. 48-50.
Orhan F. Köprülü, Tarihî Kaynak Olarak XIV. ve XV. Asırlardaki Bazı Türk Menâkıbnâmeleri (doktora tezi, 1951), İÜ Ed.Fak., s. 1-8.
Storey, Persian Literature , London 1972, s. 981-1067.
İlber Ortaylı, “Osmanlı Toplumunda Yönetici Sınıf Hakkında Kamu Oyunun Oluşumuna Bir Örnek: Menakib-i Mahmud Paşa-i Veli”, Prof. Dr. Tahsin Bekir Balta’ya Armağan , Ankara 1974, s. 459-481.
Abdülbâki Gölpınarlı, Mevlânâ’dan Sonra Mevlevîlik , İstanbul 1983, s. 128-131.
A. Yaşar Ocak, Bektaşî Menâkıbnâmelerinde İslâm Öncesi İnanç Motifleri , İstanbul 1983, s. 3-16, 70-83.
a.mlf., Kültür Tarihi Kaynağı Olarak Menâkıbnâmeler , Ankara 1992, tür.yer.
a.mlf., “Battalnâme”, DİA , V, 206-208.
a.mlf., “Dânişmendnâme”, a.e. , VIII, 478-480.
Agâh Sırrı Levend, Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi , Ankara 1984, s. 427-441.
Hasan Köksal, Battalnâmelerde Tip ve Motif Yapısı , Ankara 1984, s. 49 vd.
Ahmet T. Karamustafa, “Ḳalenders, Abdâls, Hayderîs: The Formation of the Bektâşîye in the Sixteenth Century”, Süleymân the Second and his Time (ed. Halil İnalcık – Cemal Kafadar), İstanbul 1993, s. 121-129.
Fr. Babinger, “Satuk Buğra Han Menkıbesi ve Tarih” (trc. Osman Turan, Selçuklular ve İslâmiyet içinde), İstanbul 1998, s. 147-187.
Emine Seval Yardım, Menkıbe ve Menâkıbnâmelerle İlgili Eserler İçin Açıklamalı Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi: 1928-1998 (yüksek lisans tezi, 1999), İÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, s. 1-31.
Reşat Öngören, Osmanlılar’da Tasavvuf , İstanbul 2000, tür.yer.
a.mlf., “Osmanlılar’da Devlet Ricâli-Meşâyih Münâsebetlerinin Boyutlarını Gösteren Yeni Bir Kaynak: Âlî’nin Şeyh Mehmed-i Dâğî ile Alakalı Menâkıbı”, İslâm Araştırmaları Dergisi , sy. 1, İstanbul 1997, s. 107-113.
Mustafa Aşkar, Tasavvuf Tarihi Literatürü , Ankara 2001, s. 156-202.
Ahmet Ocak, Selçukluların Dinî Siyaseti: 1040-1092 , İstanbul 2002, s. 120-154.
W. Hickman, “Ummi Kemal in Anatolian Tradition”, Turcica , XIV, Paris 1982, s. 155-167.
Christopher Melchert, “The Transition from Asceticism to Mysticism at the Middle of the Ninth Century C.E.”, St.I , LXXXIII/1 (1996), s. 51-70.
Necdet Tosun, “Ahmed Yesevî’nin Menâkıbı”, İLAM Araştırma Dergisi , III/1, İstanbul 1988, s. 73-81.
Erhan Afyoncu, “Osmanlı Siyasi Tarihinin Ana Kaynakları: Kronikler”, Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi , I/2, İstanbul 2003, s. 102, 138, 147-148.
Ahmed Ateş, “Menâkıp”, İA , VII, 701-702.
Jürgen Paul, “Hagiographic Literature”, EIr. , XI, 536-539.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2004 yılında Ankara’da basılan 29. cildinde, 112-114 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.