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MES‘ÛDÎ, Ali b. Hüseyin Skip to content Ebü’l-Hasen Alî b. el-Hüseyn b. Alî el-Mes‘ûdî el-Hüzelî (ö. 345/956)
Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb adlı eseriyle tanınan tarih ve coğrafya âlimi, seyyah.
Bağdat’ta dünyaya geldi. Eserlerindeki bazı ifadelerden hareketle 280 (893) yılı civarında doğduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Meşhur sahâbî Abdullah b. Mes‘ûd’un soyundan geldiği için Mes‘ûdî, Hüzeyl kabilesine mensubiyetinden dolayı Hüzelî nisbeleriyle tanınır. Hayatı hakkındaki bilgiler büyük ölçüde Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve et-Tenbîh ve’l-işrâf adlı eserlerine dayanmaktadır. İbnü’n-Nedîm oldukça kısa yer ayırdığı Mes‘ûdî’yi Mağribî nisbesiyle kaydederse de (el-Fihrist, s. 171) bu doğru değildir.
Mes‘ûdî gençlik dönemini geçirdiği Bağdat’ta Vekî‘, Hasan b. Mûsâ en-Nevbahtî, Ebû Ali el-Cübbâî, Kāsım b. Muhammed el-Enbârî, Muhammed b. Cerîr et-Taberî, Zeccâc, İbn Düreyd ve Ebü’l-Hasan el-Eş‘arî gibi âlimlerin öğrencisi oldu. Bir ara Basra’ya giderek Ebû Halîfe Fazl b. Hubâb el-Cumahî’den istifade etti. Ca‘fer b. Muhammed b. Hamdân el-Mevsılî (ö. 323/935) ve Ebû Bekir es-Sûlî de onun özellikle faydalandığı âlimlerdendir. Tâceddin es-Sübkî, Şâfiî âlimi Ebü’l-Abbas İbn Süreyc’in vefatı sırasında (ö. 306/918) kendisini ziyarete gelenler arasında Mes‘ûdî’nin de bulunduğunu, onun Risâletü’l-beyân ʿan uṣûli’l-aḥkâm’ını dinleyip yazdığını kaydeder (Ṭabaḳāt, III, 456-457).
Mesûdî aldığı dersler ve okuduğu kitaplarla yetinmeyip bilgisini arttırmak için Mağrib ve Endülüs hariç dönemin İslâm coğrafyasında, hatta İslâm coğrafyası dışında uzun seyahatler yaptı. 300’de (912) henüz Bağdat’ta olduğu bilinen Mes‘ûdî, bu tarihten üç yıl sonra muhtemelen ilk olarak İstahr’a gitti ve aynı yıl Hindistan’a geçti. 304’te (916) Uman üzerinden Bağdat’a döndü, 306-316 (918-928) yıllarını Irak, Suriye ve Arabistan’da geçirdi. 320’de (932) Hazar ve İrmîniye bölgesini dolaştı. 330 (941) veya 331’de (942) Mısır’a gitti. Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb adlı eserini 332 (943) yılında Fustat’ta kaleme aldı. 334’te (946) Dımaşk’ı ve Antakya’yı ziyaret etti. İskenderiye ve Yukarı Mısır’ı da gezerek 336’da (947) tekrar Fustat’a döndü. Bu tarihten sonra seyahat ettiğine dair bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Son yıllarını Fustat’ta geçirdiği anlaşılan Mes‘ûdî, burada çalışmalarını gözden geçirmek ve et-Tenbîh gibi yeni eserler yazmakla meşgul oldu. Cemâziyelâhir 345’te (Eylül 956) vefat etti. Ölüm tarihi 346 (957) olarak da kaydedilmektedir (Yâkūt, XIII, 90; İbn Hacer, IV, 225).
Büyük ilim merakı, çok yönlü bir kişiliği olan Mes‘ûdî eserlerini telif ederken çeşitli kaynaklardan faydalanmıştır. Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb’de aralarında Aristo, Eflâtun ve Batlamyus’un Arapça çevirileriyle Pehlevîce’den tercüme edilen kitapların da bulunduğu 165’ten fazla kaynağı zikretmesi bunu açıkça göstermektedir. Ayrıca bazı hıristiyan müelliflerle görüşüp tartışmış, eserleri hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur (et-Tenbîh, s. 154-155). Mes‘ûdî eski müelliflerin verdiği bilgilerin mutlak doğru, aşılamaz ve eleştirilemez olmadığını, yeni bilgi ve tecrübelerle onları aşma imkânının her zaman bulunduğunu vurgulamıştır (a.g.e., s. 76). Özellikle İslâm coğrafyası dışına da ilgi duyması, farklı coğrafya, toplum ve kültürler hakkında bizzat kaynağından bilgi almak gerektiğini söylemesi (meselâ bk. a.g.e., s. 105), bu husustaki merakını ve ufkunun genişliğini göstermesi bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Kara ve deniz yoluyla gerçekleştirdiği seyahatlerinde kendi gözlemlerinin yanı sıra âlimler, denizciler, tâcirler, seyyahlar, devlet memurları, farklı din ve mezhep mensupları ile görüşüp bilgi alan Mes‘ûdî, İslâm tarihçisi olmanın ötesinde aynı zamanda bir dünya tarihçisidir. İbn Haldûn, çok yönlü bir âlim olması dolayısıyla onun tarihçilerin pîri/imamı kabul edildiğini söyler (Mukaddime, I, 248). İbnü’l-İmâd da çok seyahat ettiğini vurgulayarak tarih alanında başkalarının yapamadığını gerçekleştirmeyi başardığını belirtir (Şeẕerât, II, 371). İbn Hurdâzbih, Ya‘kūbî, İbn Rüste ve İbnü’l-Fakīh gibi Irak okuluna mensup coğrafyacılardan biri olan Mes‘ûdî’nin coğrafya açısından en önemli sayılabilecek görüşü belirli bir bölgenin coğrafyasının o bölgedeki insan, hayvan ve bitki örtüsünü doğrudan etkilediğine dair kanaatidir. Eserlerinde Seylan, Tibet, Çin ve Madagaskar’dan bahsetmekle birlikte onun buralara gidip gitmediği tartışmalıdır. Çünkü buralara dair bilgileri genellikle Basra’da görüştüğü Ebû Zeyd es-Sîrâfî’den dinlediklerine ve Aḫbârü’ṣ-Ṣîn ve’l-Hind adlı esere dayalı olarak anlatmaktadır.
Mes‘ûdî birçok hususta yüzeysel kaldığı, konudan konuya geçtiği, bunun eserlerini sistematik olmaktan uzaklaştırdığı, çeşitli efsanelere yer verdiği, savaşlardaki asker sayıları için abartılı rakamlar zikrettiği söylenerek eleştirilmiştir. Meselâ bazı konuları açıklarken Mes‘ûdî’nin rivayetlerine dayandığı görülen İbn Haldûn, onun Sînâ çölünde Hz. Mûsa’nın etrafında İsrâiloğulları’ndan 600.000 kişilik bir ordu bulunduğuna, İskenderiye şehrini kuran Büyük İskender’e deniz hayvanlarının engel olduğuna (Mukaddime, I, 209), Roma’daki sığırcık kuşu heykeline ve Mağrib’de bütün binaları bakırdan olan Medînetünnühâs adlı şehir bulunduğuna dair rivayetlerini tenkit etmekte (a.g.e., I, 256) ve ehil olup olmadığına bakmaksızın muhatabından ne duyduysa naklettiğini söylemektedir. Bununla birlikte Mes‘ûdî’nin eleştirildiği bazı noktaların diğer Ortaçağ tarih ve coğrafya kitaplarında da görülebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Ayrıca onun bir gözlemci olarak gördüklerini ve duyduklarını aktarmakla yetindiği düşünülebilir.
Şiî müelliflerinin İmâmiyye Şîası’na mensup kabul ettikleri Mes‘ûdî’yi Zehebî, Tâceddin es-Sübkî ve İbn Tağrîberdî gibi Sünnî müellifleri Mu‘tezilî diye tanıtır. İbn Hacer el-Askalânî ise onun Şiî ve Mu‘tezilî olduğunu belirtir. Tâceddin es-Sübkî, Mes‘ûdî’yi Şâfiî âlimleri arasında zikreder. Ancak İbnü’l-İmâd, Şâfiî fakihi Mes‘ûdî’nin başka bir şahıs olduğunu söyler. Mes‘ûdî IV. (X.) yüzyılda birçok örneğine rastlandığı gibi Şiî eğilimli Mu‘tezilî bir âlim kabul edilebilir.
Eserleri. Mes‘ûdî tarih ve coğrafya başta olmak üzere kozmoloji, astroloji, dinler ve mezhepler tarihi, fıkıh, kelâm, felsefe, ahlâk, siyaset alanında, ayrıca Ehl-i beyt, on iki imam ve imâmet konularında kitaplar kaleme almış, fakat Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve et-Tenbîh ve’l-işrâf dışında diğerleri bugüne ulaşmamıştır. Kaynaklarda az sayıda eserinin adı zikredilmektedir. Ancak Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve et-Tenbîh’te yaptığı atıflar sayesinde günümüze kadar gelmeyen çalışmaları hakkında bilgi edinmek mümkündür. Bu iki eserdeki atıflardan hareketle diğer eserlerini de tesbit eden Tarîf Hâlidî (Tarif Khalidi) onun tarihe dair çalışmalarını genellikle 332 (943) yılından itibaren yaptığı, dolayısıyla diğer eserlerin 313-332 (925-943) yılları arasında yazıldığı kanaatindedir (Islamic Historiography, s. 164). 1. Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve meʿâdinü’l-cevher (fî tüḥafi’l-eşrâf mine’l-mülûk ve ehli’d-dirâyât). 332’de (943) Fustat’ta kaleme alınan eser 336 (947) ve 345 (956) yıllarında iki defa gözden geçirilmiş, ancak günümüze daha geniş olduğu anlaşılan 345 yılına ait şekliyle (et-Tenbîh, s. 111) değil önceki haliyle ulaşmıştır. Mes‘ûdî, eserin mukaddimesinde Aḫbârü’z-zamân ve el-Kitâbü’l-Evsaṭ’ta genişçe anlattığı konuları burada daha özlü olarak kaleme aldığını belirtmektedir. Kendisinden önceki bazı tarihçiler ve eserleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verip bunları değerlendiren müellif, Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb’de bilinmesi gereken hemen her ilimle ilgili bütün hususların yer aldığını söyler (I, 9-18). İki ana bölümden meydana gelen eserin birinci bölümünde ansiklopedik mahiyette çeşitli konulara yer verilmektedir. Hz. Âdem’den itibaren peygamberler tarihi, yeryüzünün belli başlı coğrafî bölgeleri, bazı denizler, adalar, nehirler, dağlar; çeşitli hayvan ve bitkiler; madenler; Hintliler, Çinliler, Yunanlılar, Roma ve Bizans ile Persler ve Sâsânîler, Türkler; İslâm öncesi Arabistan tarihi kitabın belli başlı konularını oluşturur. Mes‘ûdî anlattığı toplumların örf ve âdetleri, inanç ve ibadetleri, efsaneleri, yiyecek ve giyecekleri, bayramları, oyunları, mâbedleri, takvimleri gibi kültür unsurlarına da yer vermiştir. İkinci bölümde Hz. Peygamber döneminden Abbâsî Halifesi Mutî‘-Lillâh’a kadar İslâm tarihi anlatılmış, İslâm dünyası dışına nâdiren atıfta bulunulmuştur. Eserin birçok baskısı yapılmıştır (Bulak 1283; Kahire 1302 [Makkarî’nin, Nefḥu’ṭ-ṭîb’i kenarında]; Kahire 1303 [İbnü’l-Esîr’in, el-Kâmil’i kenarında]; Kahire 1313; nşr. Abdurrahman Muhammed, I-II, Kahire 1346/1927; nşr. Muhammed Muhyiddin Abdülhamîd, I-IV, Kahire 1386/1948; Kahire 1377/1958; Kahire 1384/1964; nşr. Yûsuf Es‘ad Dâgır, I-IV, Beyrut 1385/1965); Aloys Sprenger kitabın bir kısmını İngilizce’ye çevirmiş (el-Masʿūdi’s Historical Encyclopaedia: Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems, London 1841), Barbier de Meynard ilk üç cildini Pavet de Courteille ile birlikte olmak üzere tamamını Fransızca çevirisiyle beraber neşretmiştir (Les Prairies d’or, I-IX, Paris 1861-1877, 1913-1930). Charles Pellat bu çalışmayı gözden geçirip yeniden yayımlamıştır (I-V, Beyrut 1966-1974; Ar. indeks: I-II, Beyrut 1979; Fr. çeviri: I-III, Paris 1962-1971). Azîz el-Azme, Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve et-Tenbîh ve’l-işrâf’tan bazı bölümler seçerek neşretmiştir (el-Mesʿûdî, Riyad 2001). 2. et-Tenbîh ve’l-işrâf. Mes‘ûdî’nin muhtemelen son eseri olup 344-345 (955-956) yıllarında telif edilmiştir. Kitapta astronomi ve meteorolojiye dair bazı konular anlatılıp yeryüzünün yedi bölgesine ve denizlere dair bilgiler verildikten sonra dünya tarihinde iz bırakmış toplumlardan (Farslar, Keldânîler, Araplar, Yunanlılar ve Romalılar [Bizans dahil], Kuzey Afrikalılar, Türkler, Hintliler, Çinliler vb.) çeşitli yönleriyle bahsedilmiş, ardından Hz. Peygamber’den itibaren dönemin halifesi Mutî‘-Lillâh’a kadar İslâm tarihi olaylarına ana hatlarıyla yer verilmiştir. Bu muhtevasıyla et-Tenbîh hem bir coğrafya kitabı hem de bir genel tarihtir. İlk defa 1894 yılında Michael Jan de Goeje tarafından “Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum” serisinin VIII. cildi olarak Leiden’de neşredilmiş, bu neşir daha sonra tekrar basılmıştır (Beyrut 1965; Leiden 1967 → Frankfurt 1992). Abdullah es-Sâvî’nin de yayımladığı eserin (Kahire 1357/1938) Beyrut’ta bir başka baskısı yapılmıştır (1981). Kitabı Carra de Vaux Fransızca’ya (Le Livre de l’avertissement et de la revision, Paris 1896 → Frankfurt 1986), Mevlânâ Abdullah el-İmâdî Urduca’ya (Haydarâbâd 1345/1926) tercüme etmiştir. 3. Aḫbârü’z-zamân. Eserin tam adı Aḫbârü’z-zamân ve men ebâdehü’l-ḥids̱ân mine’l-ümemi’l-mâżıye ve’l-ecyâli’l-ḫâliye ve’l-memâliki’d-dâs̱ire’dir. Mes‘ûdî, Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb ve et-Tenbîh’te sık sık bu eserine atıfta bulunmakta ve bahsettiği konuları burada daha geniş şekilde ele aldığını belirtmektedir. Abdullah es-Sâvî’nin Aḫbârü’z-zamân adıyla Mes‘ûdî’ye nisbet ederek yayımladığı (Kahire 1938), Hüseyin el-Âsî’nin tekrar bastırdığı (Beyrut 1416/1996), Kerîm Zamânî’nin de Farsça’ya tercüme ettiği (Tahran 1370) kitap Mes‘ûdî’ye ait değildir. Bu eseri L’Abrégé des merveilles adıyla Fransızca’ya çeviren Carra de Vaux (Paris 1938) kitabın popüler bir çalışma olduğunu söyler (Dunlop, s. 110-114). 4. Râḥatü’l-ervâḥ. Aḫbârü’z-zamân’ın zeyli niteliğindedir. Bazı devletlerin hükümdarları hakkında Aḫbârü’z-zamân’da yer almayan bilgilerin Râḥatü’l-ervâḥ’ta verildiği anlaşılmaktadır. 5. el-Kitâbü’l-Evsaṭ. Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb’den önce yazılan eserde Aḫbârü’z-zamân’daki bazı bilgiler kısaltılmış, bazı konularda yeni bilgiler eklenmiştir; dolayısıyla eser hem Aḫbârü’z-zamân’ın muhtasarı hem de zeyli mahiyetindedir. Brockelmann (İA, VIII, 145) ve Sezgin (GAS, I, 334), kitabın Oxford ve İstanbul’da nüshalarının bulunduğunu kaydederlerse de bu nüshaların Mes‘ûdî’nin eserine ait olmadığı tesbit edilmiştir (Shboul, s. 89). 6. Fünûnü’l-maʿârif ve mâ cerâ fi’d-dühûri’s-sevâlif. Yunan ve Bizans tarihinin yanı sıra Kuzey Afrika tarihinden, ayrıca Hz. Peygamber’in ve halifelerin hükümdarlara gönderdikleri elçilerden (et-Tenbîh, s. 261) bahsetmektedir. 7. Zeḫâʾirü’l-ʿulûm ve mâ kâne fî sâlifi’d-dühûr. et-Tenbîh’in daha geniş bir yazımı olduğu tahmin edilen eserin özellikle Bizans tarihi, Bizans’ta kiliseler ve diğer yapılar, imparatorlar, Sâsânîler ve müslümanlarla yapılan savaşlar gibi konuları içerdiği anlaşılmaktadır. 8. Kitâbü’l-İstiẕkâr li-mâ cerâ fî sâlifi’l-aʿṣâr. et-Tenbîh’te birçok defa atıfta bulunulan eserin onunla aynı plana sahip olduğu söylenebilir. 9. Kitâbü Vaṣli’l-mecâlis bi-cevâmiʿi’l-aḫbâr ve muḫallâṭu’l-âs̱âr (muḫteliṭu’l-âdâb). Endülüs tarihi başta olmak üzere edebiyat ve kültür ağırlıklı rivayetlere yer veren bir eserdir. 10. el-Aḫbârü’l-Mesʿûdiyyât. Câhiliye devri ve Endülüs tarihine dair bilgiler içermektedir. 11. Kitâbü Maḳātili fürsâni’l-ʿAcem. Ebû Ubeyde Ma‘mer b. Müsennâ et-Teymî’nin Kitâbü Maḳātili’l-fürsâni’l-ʿArab’ına karşılık olarak yazılmıştır (et-Tenbîh, s. 102). 12. Kitâbü Teḳallübi’d-düvel ve teġayyüri’l-ârâʾ. Kuzey Afrika tarihi, Ağlebîler ve Fâtımîler’e dair bir eserdir. 13. Kitâbü’l-Maḳālât fî uṣûli’d-diyânât. Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb’de birçok defa atıfta bulunulan eserde Şîa, Hâricîler ve Mu‘tezile’den başka Mârûnî, Sâbiî, Mecûsî ve Hürremiyye inançlarından da söz edilmektedir. 14. Kitâbü’l-Ḳażâyâ ve’t-tecârib. İklimlerin belirli bölgelerdeki insan, hayvan ve bitki örtüsüne etkileri, suların hayvanlar üzerindeki tesiri, maden ve minerallerin kaliteleri, hayvan ve bitki genetiği gibi konularda önemli bilgiler içeren kitap Mes‘ûdî’nin kendi gözlem ve tecrübelerine yer verdiği dikkat çekici eserlerinden biridir. 15. Kitâbü Sırri’l-ḥayât. Genel olarak ruh ve nefisten bahsedilen eserde Hıristiyanlık’taki teslîs, Şîa ve Hürremiyye’deki gaybet düşüncesine de yer verilmektedir. Müellifin 313’te (925) Tikrît’te bir hıristiyanla yaptığı tartışmadan bahsetmesi eserin bu tarihten sonra yazıldığını göstermektedir. 16. Kitâbü’z-Zülef. Eserde ruh, nefis kozmoloji, hastalıklar, müzik ve hayvan gibi çeşitli konulara yer verilmektedir. 17. Risâletü’l-beyân fî esmâʾi’l-eʾimmeti’l-ḳaṭʿiyye mine’ş-Şîʿa. On iki imamın hayatı, nesepleri, vefatları ve türbeleri gibi hususlara geniş yer veren bir eser olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. 18. Ḥadâʾiḳu’l-eẕhân fî aḫbâri ehli (âli) beyti’n-nebî ve teferruḳıhim fi’l-büldân.
Mes‘ûdî’nin diğer eserleri de şunlardır: Kitâbü’l-Mebâdiʾ ve’t-terâkîb, Kitâbü’l-İntiṣâr, Naẓmü’l-cevâhir fî tedbîri’l-memâlik ve’l-ʿasâkir, Kitâbü Ṭıbbi’n-nüfûs, Naẓmü’l-edille fî uṣûli’l-mille, Kitâbü’ṣ-Ṣafve fi’l-imâme, Kitâbü’l-İstibṣâr fi’l-imâme, Kitâbü’d-Deʿâvi’ş-şenîʿa, Kitâbü’l-Vâcib fi’l-fürûżi’l-levâzim, Kitâbü’l-Mesâʾil ve’l-ʿilel fi’l-meẕâhib ve’l-milel, Kitâbü Ḫazâʾini’d-dîn ve sırri’l-ʿâlemîn, Naẓmü’l-aʿlâm fî uṣûli’l-aḥkâm, Kitâbü’l-İbâne ʿan uṣûli’d-diyâne, Kitâbü’n-Nühâ ve’l-kemâl, Kitâbü’r-Ruʾûsi’s-sebʿiyye, Kitâbü’l-İstircâʿ fi’l-kelâm, Meẓâhirü’l-aḫbâr ve ṭarâʾifü’l-âs̱âr fî aḫbâri âli’n-nebî, Kitâbü’z-Zâhî.
Bazı kaynaklarda Mes‘ûdî’ye nisbet edilen Kitâbü’t-Târîḫ fî aḫbâri’l-ümem mine’l-ʿArab ve’l-ʿAcem (İbnü’n-Nedîm, s. 171; Yâkūt, XIII, 94), Kitâbü Aḫbâri’l-Ḫavâric (a.g.e., a.y.), Kitâbü’r-Resâʾil (İbnü’n-Nedîm, s. 171; Yâkūt, XIII, 94), Fî Aḥvâli’l-imâme (Brockelmann, GAL, I, 145), Kitâbü’l-Mesâlik ve’l-memâlik (İbn Ebû Usaybia, s. 90, 124) adlı eserlerin müellife nisbetinin yanlış olduğu veya yukarıda zikredilen çalışmaların farklı isimlerle kaydından ibaret bulunduğu düşünülmektedir. Öte yandan İs̱bâtü’l-vaṣıyye li’l-İmâm ʿAlî b. Ebî Ṭâlib adıyla Mes‘ûdî’ye izâfe edilerek yayımlanan kitabın (Necef, ts.; Beyrut 1409/1988; Kum 1417/1996) ona aidiyeti tartışmalıdır (Tarif Khalidi, s. 163-164; EI2 [İng.], VI, 787).
Mes‘ûdî ve eserleri üzerinde çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Tarif Khalidi’nin Islamic Historiography: The Histories of Masʿūdī’si (New York 1975), Ahmad M. H. Shboul’un al-Masʿūdī and His World: A Muslim Humanist and His Interest in Non-Muslims’i (London 1979), Hâdî Hüseyin Hamûd’un Menhecü’l-Mesʿûdî fî baḥs̱i’l-ʿaḳāʾid ve’l-fıraḳı’d-dîniyye’si (Bağdad 1984), Süleyman Abdullah el-Müdeyd es-Süveykit’in Menhecü’l-Mesʿûdî fî kitâbeti’t-târîḫ’i (1407/1986) ve Abdülfettâh Muhammed Vüheybe’nin Coġrâfiyyetü’l-Mesʿûdî beyne’n-naẓariyye ve’l-vâḳıʿ adlı eseri (İskenderiye 1415/1995) bunlar arasında zikredilebilir. Mes‘ûdî’nin vefatının 1000. yılı anısına Ocak 1958’de Aligarh İslâm Üniversitesi tarafından uluslararası bir sempozyum düzenlenmiş, burada sunulan on dokuz tebliğ yayımlanmıştır (al-Masʿūdī Millenary Commemoration Volume [ed. S. Maqbul Ahmad – A. Rahman], Aligarh Muslim University 1960). Fuat Sezgin, Mes‘ûdî ve eserleri hakkında Avrupa’da yazılan bazı makaleleri Studies on Qudāma b. Ğaʿfar (d. after 932) and al-Masʿūdī (d. 956) adlı kitapta toplamıştır (Frankfurt 1992).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Mes‘ûdî, Mürûcü’ẕ-ẕeheb (Abdülhamîd), I-IV, tür.yer.; a.mlf., et-Tenbîh, s. 76, 102, 105, 154-155, 261, ayrıca bk. tür.yer.; İbnü’n-Nedîm, el-Fihrist (Teceddüd), s. 171; Ahmed b. Ali en-Necâşî, er-Ricâl (nşr. Muhammed Cevâd en-Nâînî), Beyrut 1408/1988, II, 76-77; Yâkūt, Muʿcemü’l-üdebâʾ, XIII, 90-94; İbn Ebû Usaybia, ʿUyûnü’l-enbâʾ, s. 90, 124; Zehebî, el-ʿİber, II, 269; a.mlf., Aʿlâmü’n-nübelâʾ, XV, 569; Kütübî, Fevâtü’l-Vefeyât, III, 12-13; Sübkî, Ṭabaḳāt (Tanâhî), III, 456-457; İbn Haldûn, Mukaddime (trc. Süleyman Uludağ), İstanbul 1982, I, 209, 248, 255, 256, 341, 390, 510, 513, 522, 570-571, 573, 711; II, 836; İbn Hacer, Lisânü’l-Mîzân, IV, 224-225; İbn Tağrîberdî, en-Nücûmü’z-zâhire, III, 315-316; Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn, I, 26, 27, 493; II, 1658-1659; İbnü’l-İmâd, Şeẕerât, II, 371; Hânsârî, Ravżâtü’l-cennât, IV, 281-288; Brockelmann, GAL, I, 144-145; Suppl., I, 220-221; a.mlf., “Mes‘ûdî”, İA, VIII, 144-145; I. J. Kračkovskij, Târîḫu’l-edebi’l-coġrâfiyyi’l-ʿArabî (trc. Selâhaddin Osman Hâşim), Kahire 1963, I, 177-185; Sarton, Introduction, I, 637-639; Sezgin, GAS, I, 332-336; VI, 198-203; VII, 276-277; F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, Leiden 1968, s. 54, 108-109, 135-136; Ch. Pellat, “Mas‘ūdī at l’Imāmisme”, Le Shī‘isme imamite, colloque de Strasbourg (6-9 Mai 1968), Paris 1970, s. 69-90; a.mlf., “al-Masʿūdī”, EI2 (İng.), VI, 784-789; D. M. Dunlop, Arab Civilization to A.D. 1500, London 1971, s. 99-114; Tarif Khalidi, Islamic Historiography: The histories of Masʿûdî, New York 1975, s. 163-164, ayrıca bk. tür.yer.; Ahmad M. H. Shboul, al-Mas‘ūdī and his World: A Muslim Humanist and his Interest in Non-Muslims, London 1979, s. 89, ayrıca bk. tür.yer.; Şâkir Mustafa, et-Târîḫu’l-ʿArabî ve’l-müʾerriḫûn, Beyrut 1980, II, 45-54; Ali Hüsnî el-Harbûtlî, el-Mesʿûdî, Kahire 1980; Aʿyânü’ş-Şîʿa, VIII, 220-226; Âgā Büzürg-i Tahrânî, eẕ-Ẕerîʿa ilâ teṣânîfi’ş-Şîʿa, Beyrut 1403/1983, I, 110, 330; IV, 439; Hâdî Hüseyin Hamûd, Menhecü’l-Mesʿûdî fî baḥs̱i’l-ʿaḳāʾid ve’l-fıraḳı’d-dîniyye, Bağdad 1984; Süleyman Abdullah el-Müdeyd es-Süveykit, Menhecü’l-Mesʿûdî fî kitâbeti’t-târîḫ, [baskı yeri yok] 1407/1986; M. Şemseddin [Günaltay], İslâm’da Târih ve Müverrihler, İstanbul 1339-42, s. 63-76; Abdülfettâh M. Vüheybe, Coġrâfiyyetü’l-Mesʿûdî beyne’n-naẓariyye ve’l-vâḳıʿ, İskenderiye 1415/1995; Ramazan Şeşen, Müslümanlarda Tarih-Coğrafya Yazıcılığı, İstanbul 1998, s. 60-61; a.mlf., İslâm Coğrafyacılarına Göre Türkler ve Türk Ülkeleri, Ankara 2001, s. 42-58; S. Maqbul Ahmad, “al-Mas‘ūdi’s Contributions to Medieval Arab Geography”, IC, XXVII (1953), s. 61-77; XXVIII (1954), s. 275-286; a.mlf., “Travels of Abu’l-Hasan ʿAli b. al-Husayn al-Masʿūdī”, a.e., XXVIII (1954), s. 509-524; Cevâd Ali, “Mevâridü Târîḫi’l-Mesʿûdî”, Sumer, XX/1-2, Bağdad 1964, s. 1-48; M. S. Khan, “al-Mas‘ūdi and the Geography of India”, ZDMG, CXXXI (1981), s. 119-136; Akhtar Husain Siddiqi, “al-Mas‘ūdi’s Geographic Concepts”, International Journal of Islamic and Arabic Studies, VII/2, Bloomington 1990, s. 43-71.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2004 yılında Ankara’da basılan 29. cildinde, 353-355 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.