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Modern Irak Devleti’nin Oluşum Sürecinde Türkmenlerin Durumuna Dair Tarihi Bir Analiz Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 1 – 24, 19.07.2024
Hussein Abbas Ali Mohammed Aslan
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1423614
Öz Özet Türkmenler Irak’ın Arap ve Kürtlerden sonra önde gelen bileşenlerinden biri olup, Modern Irak’ın ortaya çıkış sürecinde olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerini yaşadıkları çeşitli siyasi süreçlerden geçmişlerdir. Modern Irak devletinin oluşumda ve gelişmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan bu süreçler, Türkmenlerin sosyolojik yapısında da etkili olmuştur. Çalışmada, 20. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden günümüze kadar geçen dönemlerde, Türkmenlerin yaşadıkları deneyimin Türkmen sosyolojisi ve siyaseti üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Türkmenlere karşı uygulanan baskıların, yeni bir siyasi strateji belirleme gerekliliği konusunda itici güç olduğu tespit edilmiş ve Irak’ta Türkmen varlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesine ilişkin bazı tespitlerde bulunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler Türkmen, Türk Dünyası, Türkmen Politikası, Irak, Baas Partisi.
Kaynakça KİTAPLAR Abdurrahman Keylani ve diğerleri, “Mevsuat El Siyasiyye”, 1. Bölüm, el-Mua’ssasat’ul Arabiyye li Dirasat ve’l-Neşr, Beyrut 2007. Ali Tahir El Hammud, Turkuman El Iraki Kalak El Huviyye ve’l İndimac, Dirasat Tahliliyye, Muassasat Friedriyş, Beyrut, 2021. Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Aziz Kader El Samanci, Tarih’ul Sşyasi Li Turkman El Irak, Dar El Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Aziz Kader el-Sabaci, Tarih’ul Siyasi li Turkman’il Irak, Matbaat’ul Dar Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Habib El Hürmüzi, El -turkuman Fi’l Teşri’at el-Kanuniye el-İrakıya, Kerkük vakfı, İstanbul 2019. Habib El Hürmüzi, Muzakkirat Sahafi Turkumani, Muassast’ul Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, İstanbul, 2016. Habib El Hürmüzlü, Kavm Yad’un El Turkuman, Muassasat Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, Ankara, 2016. Hanna Batatu, Irak el-Tabakat’ul İctimaiyye ve’l-Harakatu’l-Savriyye min Ahd el-Osmani Hatta Kiyamu’l-Cumhuriyye, Arapçaya çeviren, Afif Bazzaz, cilt. 1, Muassasatu’l-Abhas’ul Arabiyya, ikinci baskı, Lübnan, 1995 Hasan Latif Zubeydi, Muassasat’ul Siyasa El Irakiyye, El Arif Li’l Matbuat, Beyrut, 2013. Hasan Özmen, Irak Türkmenleri ve İnsan Hakları, Ankara, 2002. Hebba Mecid Sebut, Elam El Huviyye El Akalliyat Fi’l Irak ve Mukhadat El Huviyye El Vataniyye, Dar El Varak, Bağdat, 2020 Hüseyin Celub El Saidi, Akalliyat’ul Irakiyye Min Al İzab İlal Temekkun (Belgesel Araştırma), Dar El Huda Lil Tibaa Ve’l Neşr, Nisan 2014 Jeff Simons, Irak el-Mustakbal, el-Siyassat’ul Amerikiyye fi İadat Teşkiyle Şark’ul Evsat, çev. Said el-Azm, Beyrut, 2004 Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, “Kerkük ve Tevabi’iha Hükm El Tarih Ve’l Damir”, Irak’ta Kürt Meselesi Üzerine Bir Belgesel Araştırma, Matbata’ul Rinviyn, 1. Bölüm, Süleymaniye, Kerkük 2000. Mahir Nakip, “Irak’ta İhtilaflı Bölgeler ve Türkmenler”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 49, Ocak 2013. Mahir Nakip, Kerkük’ün Kimliği, (Bilgi Yayınevi, 2007), Ankara. Mahmud El Şinavi, Irak El Taih Beyna’l Taifyye Ve’l Kavmiyye, Hela Lil Neşr Ve’l Tevzii, Mısır, 2012. Miss Bell, Fusul Min Tairh’ul Irak El Karib, 1914 – 1920, Arapçaya çeviren: Cafer El Hayyat, Bağdat, 1985. Müracaa Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, Mektebet’ul Yakzat’ul Arabiyye, Bağdat, 1988. Muzakkirat Cafer El Askeri, Dar El Selam, Londra, 1988 ve Alaa Casem Muhammed, Cafer El Askeri ve Devruhu El Siyasi Ve’l Askeri Fi Tarih’ul Irak Hatta A’am 1936, Maktabat’ul Kadiyya El arabiyye, Bağdat, 1987. Said El Latif Bender Oğlu, El Turkuman Fi’l Irak Savra, Dar El Hurriye Lil Tiba’a, Bağdat, 1973. Selim Matar, Jedel el-Haviyet (Arap, Kürt, Türkmen ve Süryan), Cenif, 2008 Siyrat Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Tarih’ul Hareket’ul Vataniyya Fi’l Anadol, Muhammed Said ve Kerim Halil Sabit, Mecellet’ul Taif Elmısavvara, Kahire, 1966 BİLDİRİLER VE RAPORLAR Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Beyatlı Aydın, “Dünden Bugüne Iraklı Türklerin İnsan Hakları Beyannamesi”, (Bildiri), Misak-ı Milli ve Türk Dış Politikası’nda Musul, Kerkük ve Erbil Meselesi Sempozyumu, 28 Ocak 1997- Konya, Ankara 1998. Bilgay Duman ve Feyzullah Tuna Aygün, “Telaferli Türkmen Göçmenlerin Durumu ve Telafer’in Geleceği”, Orsam Rapor, No: 215, Ekim 2017. Sercan Doğan, Nebahat Tanrıverdi O, “Kerkük’te Mülk Anlaşmazlıkları”, ORSAM Rapor, No: 30, ORSAM- Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Rapor No: 8, Mart 2011. İNTERNET SİTESİ Beşar El Beyati, Turkuman El Irak… Min Ta’miyş ve İtthad İla Masir Mechul, Anadolu Ajansı, 3/11/216, Erişim Tarihi, 23 Aralık 2021. https://is.gd/qaPVv0 Hatice Kamer, “Kerkük’te gerginlik neden arttı, Kürt ve Türkmen liderler son gelişmeleri nasıl yorumladı?”, BBC News Türkçe, 4 Eylül 2023. Mahmut Hamsici, “Haşdi Şabi’deki Türkmenler”, BBC Türkçe, Kerkük–Tazehurmatu, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41514522, (20.09.2023). Miymona El Basil, Turkuman El Irak Muhaddidun Bi Selasit Meşar’i, Tekarir Arabiyye, El Arabi El Cedid, Temmuz 2010, erişim tarihi, Aralık 2021, https://is.gd/pEDpX2. Röportajlar Türkmen Tarihçi ve hukuk adamı Cafer El Telaferi ile ropörtaj, 20 Aralık 2021. Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde doktora öğrencisi Ali Keşşüroğlu ile röportaj, 15 Kasım, 2022.
Turkmens In The Formation Process of The Modern Iraqi State Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 1 – 24, 19.07.2024
Hussein Abbas Ali Mohammed Aslan
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1423614
Öz Turkmen are considered one of the main components of Iraq along with Arab and Kurds. During the establishment of the modern Iraqi State, Turkmen have went through several political processes that had positive and negative Impact. Due to the importance of this phase, which had an impact on the social construct of the Turkmen, in forming and developing the Iraqi state, the study explored the impact of the Turkmen experiences on the political and social reality of Turkmen since the first quarter of the 20th century until the present time. The pressures practiced against Turkmen are the force pushing towards the necessity to identify a new political strategy in modern Iraqi. In addition, some comments were made regarding the protection and development of the Turkmen presence in Iraq.
Anahtar Kelimeler Turkmen, Turkish World, Turkmen Policy, Iraq, Baath Party
Kaynakça KİTAPLAR Abdurrahman Keylani ve diğerleri, “Mevsuat El Siyasiyye”, 1. Bölüm, el-Mua’ssasat’ul Arabiyye li Dirasat ve’l-Neşr, Beyrut 2007. Ali Tahir El Hammud, Turkuman El Iraki Kalak El Huviyye ve’l İndimac, Dirasat Tahliliyye, Muassasat Friedriyş, Beyrut, 2021. Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Aziz Kader El Samanci, Tarih’ul Sşyasi Li Turkman El Irak, Dar El Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Aziz Kader el-Sabaci, Tarih’ul Siyasi li Turkman’il Irak, Matbaat’ul Dar Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Habib El Hürmüzi, El -turkuman Fi’l Teşri’at el-Kanuniye el-İrakıya, Kerkük vakfı, İstanbul 2019. Habib El Hürmüzi, Muzakkirat Sahafi Turkumani, Muassast’ul Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, İstanbul, 2016. Habib El Hürmüzlü, Kavm Yad’un El Turkuman, Muassasat Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, Ankara, 2016. Hanna Batatu, Irak el-Tabakat’ul İctimaiyye ve’l-Harakatu’l-Savriyye min Ahd el-Osmani Hatta Kiyamu’l-Cumhuriyye, Arapçaya çeviren, Afif Bazzaz, cilt. 1, Muassasatu’l-Abhas’ul Arabiyya, ikinci baskı, Lübnan, 1995 Hasan Latif Zubeydi, Muassasat’ul Siyasa El Irakiyye, El Arif Li’l Matbuat, Beyrut, 2013. Hasan Özmen, Irak Türkmenleri ve İnsan Hakları, Ankara, 2002. Hebba Mecid Sebut, Elam El Huviyye El Akalliyat Fi’l Irak ve Mukhadat El Huviyye El Vataniyye, Dar El Varak, Bağdat, 2020 Hüseyin Celub El Saidi, Akalliyat’ul Irakiyye Min Al İzab İlal Temekkun (Belgesel Araştırma), Dar El Huda Lil Tibaa Ve’l Neşr, Nisan 2014 Jeff Simons, Irak el-Mustakbal, el-Siyassat’ul Amerikiyye fi İadat Teşkiyle Şark’ul Evsat, çev. Said el-Azm, Beyrut, 2004 Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, “Kerkük ve Tevabi’iha Hükm El Tarih Ve’l Damir”, Irak’ta Kürt Meselesi Üzerine Bir Belgesel Araştırma, Matbata’ul Rinviyn, 1. Bölüm, Süleymaniye, Kerkük 2000. Mahir Nakip, “Irak’ta İhtilaflı Bölgeler ve Türkmenler”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 49, Ocak 2013. Mahir Nakip, Kerkük’ün Kimliği, (Bilgi Yayınevi, 2007), Ankara. Mahmud El Şinavi, Irak El Taih Beyna’l Taifyye Ve’l Kavmiyye, Hela Lil Neşr Ve’l Tevzii, Mısır, 2012. Miss Bell, Fusul Min Tairh’ul Irak El Karib, 1914 – 1920, Arapçaya çeviren: Cafer El Hayyat, Bağdat, 1985. Müracaa Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, Mektebet’ul Yakzat’ul Arabiyye, Bağdat, 1988. Muzakkirat Cafer El Askeri, Dar El Selam, Londra, 1988 ve Alaa Casem Muhammed, Cafer El Askeri ve Devruhu El Siyasi Ve’l Askeri Fi Tarih’ul Irak Hatta A’am 1936, Maktabat’ul Kadiyya El arabiyye, Bağdat, 1987. Said El Latif Bender Oğlu, El Turkuman Fi’l Irak Savra, Dar El Hurriye Lil Tiba’a, Bağdat, 1973. Selim Matar, Jedel el-Haviyet (Arap, Kürt, Türkmen ve Süryan), Cenif, 2008 Siyrat Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Tarih’ul Hareket’ul Vataniyya Fi’l Anadol, Muhammed Said ve Kerim Halil Sabit, Mecellet’ul Taif Elmısavvara, Kahire, 1966 BİLDİRİLER VE RAPORLAR Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Beyatlı Aydın, “Dünden Bugüne Iraklı Türklerin İnsan Hakları Beyannamesi”, (Bildiri), Misak-ı Milli ve Türk Dış Politikası’nda Musul, Kerkük ve Erbil Meselesi Sempozyumu, 28 Ocak 1997- Konya, Ankara 1998. Bilgay Duman ve Feyzullah Tuna Aygün, “Telaferli Türkmen Göçmenlerin Durumu ve Telafer’in Geleceği”, Orsam Rapor, No: 215, Ekim 2017. Sercan Doğan, Nebahat Tanrıverdi O, “Kerkük’te Mülk Anlaşmazlıkları”, ORSAM Rapor, No: 30, ORSAM- Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Rapor No: 8, Mart 2011. İNTERNET SİTESİ Beşar El Beyati, Turkuman El Irak… Min Ta’miyş ve İtthad İla Masir Mechul, Anadolu Ajansı, 3/11/216, Erişim Tarihi, 23 Aralık 2021. https://is.gd/qaPVv0 Hatice Kamer, “Kerkük’te gerginlik neden arttı, Kürt ve Türkmen liderler son gelişmeleri nasıl yorumladı?”, BBC News Türkçe, 4 Eylül 2023. Mahmut Hamsici, “Haşdi Şabi’deki Türkmenler”, BBC Türkçe, Kerkük–Tazehurmatu, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41514522, (20.09.2023). Miymona El Basil, Turkuman El Irak Muhaddidun Bi Selasit Meşar’i, Tekarir Arabiyye, El Arabi El Cedid, Temmuz 2010, erişim tarihi, Aralık 2021, https://is.gd/pEDpX2. Röportajlar Türkmen Tarihçi ve hukuk adamı Cafer El Telaferi ile ropörtaj, 20 Aralık 2021. Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde doktora öğrencisi Ali Keşşüroğlu ile röportaj, 15 Kasım, 2022.
تحليل تاريخي لوضع التركمان خلال عملية تشكيل الدولة العراقية الحديثة Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 1 – 24, 19.07.2024
Hussein Abbas Ali Mohammed Aslan
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1423614
Öz يعتبر التركمان أحد المكونات الرئيسية في العراق بعد العرب والأكراد، وقد مرا التركمان خلال نشأة الدولة العراقية الحديثة بعديد من العمليات السياسية كانت لها اثار إيجابية وسلبية. نظراً لأهمية هذه المرحلة التي كانت لها تأثيرها في البنية الاجتماعية للتركمان في تشكيل وتطوير الدولة العراقية. تم في الدراسة بحث تأثير تجارب التركمان في الواقع الاجتماعي والسياسي للتركمان منذ الربع الأول من القرن العشرين وحتى الوقت الحاضر. أن الضغوط التي تمارس ضد التركمان هي القوة الدافعة لضرورة تحديد استراتيجية سياسية جديدة في العراق الحديث، كما تم اتخاذ بعض ملاحظات فيما يتعلق بحماية وتطوير الوجود التركماني في العراق.
Anahtar Kelimeler التركمان, السياسة التركمانية, العالم التركماني, حزب البعث العراقي
Kaynakça KİTAPLAR Abdurrahman Keylani ve diğerleri, “Mevsuat El Siyasiyye”, 1. Bölüm, el-Mua’ssasat’ul Arabiyye li Dirasat ve’l-Neşr, Beyrut 2007. Ali Tahir El Hammud, Turkuman El Iraki Kalak El Huviyye ve’l İndimac, Dirasat Tahliliyye, Muassasat Friedriyş, Beyrut, 2021. Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Aziz Kader El Samanci, Tarih’ul Sşyasi Li Turkman El Irak, Dar El Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Aziz Kader el-Sabaci, Tarih’ul Siyasi li Turkman’il Irak, Matbaat’ul Dar Saki, Beyrut, 1999 Habib El Hürmüzi, El -turkuman Fi’l Teşri’at el-Kanuniye el-İrakıya, Kerkük vakfı, İstanbul 2019. Habib El Hürmüzi, Muzakkirat Sahafi Turkumani, Muassast’ul Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, İstanbul, 2016. Habib El Hürmüzlü, Kavm Yad’un El Turkuman, Muassasat Vakf Kerkuk Lil Sakafa Ve’l Abhas, Ankara, 2016. Hanna Batatu, Irak el-Tabakat’ul İctimaiyye ve’l-Harakatu’l-Savriyye min Ahd el-Osmani Hatta Kiyamu’l-Cumhuriyye, Arapçaya çeviren, Afif Bazzaz, cilt. 1, Muassasatu’l-Abhas’ul Arabiyya, ikinci baskı, Lübnan, 1995 Hasan Latif Zubeydi, Muassasat’ul Siyasa El Irakiyye, El Arif Li’l Matbuat, Beyrut, 2013. Hasan Özmen, Irak Türkmenleri ve İnsan Hakları, Ankara, 2002. Hebba Mecid Sebut, Elam El Huviyye El Akalliyat Fi’l Irak ve Mukhadat El Huviyye El Vataniyye, Dar El Varak, Bağdat, 2020 Hüseyin Celub El Saidi, Akalliyat’ul Irakiyye Min Al İzab İlal Temekkun (Belgesel Araştırma), Dar El Huda Lil Tibaa Ve’l Neşr, Nisan 2014 Jeff Simons, Irak el-Mustakbal, el-Siyassat’ul Amerikiyye fi İadat Teşkiyle Şark’ul Evsat, çev. Said el-Azm, Beyrut, 2004 Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, “Kerkük ve Tevabi’iha Hükm El Tarih Ve’l Damir”, Irak’ta Kürt Meselesi Üzerine Bir Belgesel Araştırma, Matbata’ul Rinviyn, 1. Bölüm, Süleymaniye, Kerkük 2000. Mahir Nakip, “Irak’ta İhtilaflı Bölgeler ve Türkmenler”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 49, Ocak 2013. Mahir Nakip, Kerkük’ün Kimliği, (Bilgi Yayınevi, 2007), Ankara. Mahmud El Şinavi, Irak El Taih Beyna’l Taifyye Ve’l Kavmiyye, Hela Lil Neşr Ve’l Tevzii, Mısır, 2012. Miss Bell, Fusul Min Tairh’ul Irak El Karib, 1914 – 1920, Arapçaya çeviren: Cafer El Hayyat, Bağdat, 1985. Müracaa Kemal Mazhar Ahmed, Mektebet’ul Yakzat’ul Arabiyye, Bağdat, 1988. Muzakkirat Cafer El Askeri, Dar El Selam, Londra, 1988 ve Alaa Casem Muhammed, Cafer El Askeri ve Devruhu El Siyasi Ve’l Askeri Fi Tarih’ul Irak Hatta A’am 1936, Maktabat’ul Kadiyya El arabiyye, Bağdat, 1987. Said El Latif Bender Oğlu, El Turkuman Fi’l Irak Savra, Dar El Hurriye Lil Tiba’a, Bağdat, 1973. Selim Matar, Jedel el-Haviyet (Arap, Kürt, Türkmen ve Süryan), Cenif, 2008 Siyrat Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Tarih’ul Hareket’ul Vataniyya Fi’l Anadol, Muhammed Said ve Kerim Halil Sabit, Mecellet’ul Taif Elmısavvara, Kahire, 1966 BİLDİRİLER VE RAPORLAR Amer Ali El Samr, Şimal El Irak 1975 – 1985 Dirasat Siyasiyye, Markaz El Arabi Lil Abhas, Beyrut, 2012. Beyatlı Aydın, “Dünden Bugüne Iraklı Türklerin İnsan Hakları Beyannamesi”, (Bildiri), Misak-ı Milli ve Türk Dış Politikası’nda Musul, Kerkük ve Erbil Meselesi Sempozyumu, 28 Ocak 1997- Konya, Ankara 1998. Bilgay Duman ve Feyzullah Tuna Aygün, “Telaferli Türkmen Göçmenlerin Durumu ve Telafer’in Geleceği”, Orsam Rapor, No: 215, Ekim 2017. Sercan Doğan, Nebahat Tanrıverdi O, “Kerkük’te Mülk Anlaşmazlıkları”, ORSAM Rapor, No: 30, ORSAM- Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Rapor No: 8, Mart 2011. İNTERNET SİTESİ Beşar El Beyati, Turkuman El Irak… Min Ta’miyş ve İtthad İla Masir Mechul, Anadolu Ajansı, 3/11/216, Erişim Tarihi, 23 Aralık 2021. https://is.gd/qaPVv0 Hatice Kamer, “Kerkük’te gerginlik neden arttı, Kürt ve Türkmen liderler son gelişmeleri nasıl yorumladı?”, BBC News Türkçe, 4 Eylül 2023. Mahmut Hamsici, “Haşdi Şabi’deki Türkmenler”, BBC Türkçe, Kerkük–Tazehurmatu, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41514522, (20.09.2023). Miymona El Basil, Turkuman El Irak Muhaddidun Bi Selasit Meşar’i, Tekarir Arabiyye, El Arabi El Cedid, Temmuz 2010, erişim tarihi, Aralık 2021, https://is.gd/pEDpX2. Röportajlar Türkmen Tarihçi ve hukuk adamı Cafer El Telaferi ile ropörtaj, 20 Aralık 2021. Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde doktora öğrencisi Ali Keşşüroğlu ile röportaj, 15 Kasım, 2022. Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Hussein Abbas Ali Mohammed Aslan FATİH SULTAN MEHMET VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİ, LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ 0009-0007-3077-3994 Iraq
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ocak 2024 Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster Chicago Aslan, Hussein Abbas Ali Mohammed. “Modern Irak Devleti’nin Oluşum Sürecinde Türkmenlerin Durumuna Dair Tarihi Bir Analiz”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 16, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2024): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1423614.
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