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MÜBERRED Skip to content Ebü’l-Abbâs Muhammed b. Yezîd b. Abdilekber b. Umeyr el-Müberred el-Ezdî es-Sümâlî (ö. 286/900)
Arap dili ve edebiyatı âlimi.
Tercih edilen rivayete göre Zilhicce 210’da (Mart 826) Basra’da doğdu (Sîrâfî, s. 107). Yemen’den kuzeye göç eden Ezd kabilesinin Yukarı Hicaz’da yerleşen Sümâle koluna mensuptur. Babası Basra’da tapu işlerinde görevli bir memurdu (a.g.e., a.y.). “Soğutulmuş” anlamındaki “Müberred” lakabının, hocası Ebû Osman el-Mâzinî’nin sorularına gönüle serinlik veren isabetli cevaplar vermesi sebebiyle Mâzinî’nin, “Sen müberridsin” şeklindeki sözünden ortaya çıktığı, ancak bu kelimenin, kendisini çekemeyenler ve Kûfe mektebi mensupları tarafından alay etmek amacıyla “müberred” şekline dönüştürüldüğü kaydedilir (Yâkūt, XIX, 111-112). Bu hususta başka rivayetler de vardır (İbn Abdürabbih, VI, 77-78; Yağmûrî, s. 324; EI2 [Fr.], VII, 281). Kendisine “Müberred” denilmesinden rahatsız olduğu belirtilir.
İlk tahsilini Basra’da yaptı. On beş yaşında iken Ebû Ömer el-Cermî’den Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’yi okumaya başladı, hocasının vefatı üzerine eseri Mâzinî’den tamamladı. Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’nin eleştirisine dair Mesâʾilü’l-ġalaṭ’ını bu devrede kaleme aldı. Mâzinî’den ders aldığı sırada Ebû Hâtim es-Sicistânî’nin derslerine de devam ediyordu. İbn Âişe’den hadis, ensâb ve ahbâr, Muhammed b. Ubeydullah el-Utbî’den şiir ve tarih alanlarında faydalandı. Câhiz’le ilgisini vefatına kadar sürdürdü; ondan şiir, hikemiyat, bedevîlere ve tarihî şahsiyetlere dair ahbâr rivayet etti. Ebü’l-Fazl er-Riyâşî’den de Asmaî’den yaptığı dil, tarih ve şiirle ilgili rivayetlerini topladı. Üstün zekâ, hâfıza, anlayış ve muhakeme gücü sayesinde küçük yaşta lugat ve nahiv sahalarındaki geniş bilgisini etrafına kabul ettirdi ve ünü kısa zamanda Basra dışına yayıldı. Vâsiḳ-Billâh devrinde Sâmerrâ’ya davet edildi, orada bir yandan Vezir Fâzıl b. Mervân’ın muhasebe işlerini yürütürken bir yandan da Abdullah b. Muhammed et-Tevvezî, İbrâhim b. Süfyân ez-Ziyâdî, şair Cerîr’in torunu Umâre b. Akīl, Abdüssamed b. Muazzel, Muhammed b. Hişâm es-Sa‘dî’den sarf, nahiv, lugat, şiir, ahbâr ve edebiyat alanlarında faydalandı. 244 (858) ve 246 (860) yıllarında Mütevekkil-Alellah Ca‘fer b. Muhammed ile veziri Feth b. Hâkān el-Fârisî’den aldığı davetle tekrar Sâmerrâ’ya giderek sarayda düzenlenen ilmî ve edebî münazaralara katıldı, gösterdiği üstün başarı sebebiyle zengin hediyelere nâil oldu. Di‘bil, Buhtürî ve Ebü’l-Anbes Muhammed b. İshak es-Saymerî gibi şairlerle tanışması da bu sırada gerçekleşti.
247 (861) yılında Mütevekkil-Alellah ile veziri Feth b. Hâkān’ın öldürülmesi yüzünden yardım ve ihsanların kesilmesi üzerine Sâmerrâ’dan ayrılıp Bağdat’a gitti. Kûfe mektebinin lideri olan rakibi Sa‘leb’le karşılaşması ve ilk münazarası bu sırada cereyan etti. Kısa zamanda onun etrafında büyük bir öğrenci ve dinleyici kitlesinin toplandığını gören Sa‘leb, öğrencileri Zeccâc ile İbnü’l-Hayyât’ı göndererek ders halkasını dağıtmalarını istedi. Zeccâc, sorduğu sorulara ikna edici cevaplar alınca bir daha Sa‘leb’in yanına dönmedi ve Müberred’in derslerine devam etti. Sa‘leb’in diğer öğrencilerinin birçoğu da hocalarını terkedip Müberred’in yanına gitti. Müberred Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’yi okutup müşkillerini çözmekte tek otorite haline geldi. Çeşitli ilim dallarında birçok öğrenci yetiştirdi. Veşşâ, Sa‘leb’in damadı Ebû Ali Ahmed b. Ca‘fer ed-Dîneverî, İbnü’l-Mu‘tez, İbn Vellâd, İbn Keysân, Zeccâc, Ahfeş el-Asgar, İbnü’s-Serrâc, İbn Şukayr, İbnü’l-Hayyât, Niftaveyh, Ebû Bekir es-Sûlî, İsmâil b. Muhammed es-Saffâr, İbn Dürüsteveyh ve kendi damadı Muhammed b. Ca‘fer es-Saydalânî bunlardan bazılarıdır.
Müberred, Bağdat’ta emîr ve vezirlerden, özellikle Bağdat Valisi Muhammed b. Abdullah b. Tâhir ile kardeşi Ubeydullah’tan saygı gördü, bunların ihsanlarına nâil oldu. Sa‘leb’le yaptığı tartışmalarda güzel konuşması, nüktedanlığı, hazırcevaplığı ve şairane tabiatıyla lehine bir atmosfer oluşturduğu kaydedilir (Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî, s. 114; Kemâleddin el-Enbârî, s. 164-165; Yâkūt, XIX, 113 vd., 118 vd., 120). Bu tartışmalar camilerle meydanlarda herkesin gözü önünde cereyan ettiği gibi emîr ve vezirlerin konaklarında da düzenleniyordu. Vali bu meclislerin ardından Sa‘leb’i oğluna, Müberred’i de kendine hoca tayin etti. Aralarındaki tartışmalara rağmen iki âlim arasında husumet yoktu. Müberred, Kûfeliler’in en âliminin Sa‘leb olduğunu söyleyerek ona iltifat ederdi. Kendisi vefat edince de Sa‘leb onun için mersiye yazmıştır (Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî, s. 119-120). Zeccâc ile İbn Dürüsteveyh Müberred’i, Ebû Bekir el-Enbârî ile İbn Fâris Sa‘leb’i savunmuş, her biri bu konuda eser yazmıştır. 28 Zilhicce 286 (4 Ocak 900) tarihinde Bağdat’ta vefat eden Müberred, Bâbülkûfe semtindeki mezarlığa defnedildi. Ölüm yılı 285 (899) olarak da kaydedilir. Müberred nüktedan, espri ve fıkralardan zevk alan, hoşsohbet, zekâ ve hâfızası güçlü bir şahsiyet olarak tanıtılır (Sîrâfî, s. 98-101; Kemâleddin el-Enbârî, s. 164-170). Başta İbnü’r-Rûmî olmak üzere Buhtürî, İbnü’l-Allâf ve Ahmed b. Abdüsselâm gibi çağdaşı şairler kendisi için methiye ve mersiye yazmıştır.
Basra dil mektebinin Sîbeveyhi’den sonra ikinci otoritesi olan Müberred, Arap grameri ve edebiyatıyla ilgili özgün görüşler ortaya koymuştur. Onun gramerdeki yöntemi âmiller ve mâmuller taksimine göre semâ, kıyas, ayrıca sebeplerin açıklanmasına (ta‘lîl) dayalı tanımlamalar yoluyla konuların açıklığa kavuşturulmasından ibarettir. Müberred, bir dil kuralının veya bir ifadenin doğru veya yanlış olduğunu belirlemede daima kıyasın hakemliğine başvurmakla birlikte kıyası hiçbir zaman semâın önüne geçirmez. Gerek semâ gerek kıyasta yaygın kullanımı esas alır, ona aykırı olan ve nahiv kaidelerine uymayan şâz kıraatleri reddederdi. Arap alfabesinin yirmi sekizinin muayyen şekilleri olan, yedisinin ise işaretlerle gösterilen otuz beş harfinin bulunduğunu söylerdi. Belâgata dair ilk müstakil eseri Müberred yazmıştır. İlk defa el-Kâmil’inde teşbih konusuna geniş bir bölüm ayırarak edebî değerleri açısından taksim ettiği bazı türlerini zengin örneklerle açıklamıştır. Aynı şekilde kinayeyi üçe ayırarak izah etmiş, leff ü neşr tabirini ilk defa o kullanmıştır. Haber çeşitleri, îcâz, lafız ve mâna ta‘kīdi, istiare, iltifat, aklî ve mürsel mecazlar, kalb, tecrid ve murâat-ı nazîr gibi belâgat türlerini örnekleriyle açıklamıştır (el-Kâmil, I, 28, 135; II, 56; III, 22, 410; el-Belâġa, neşredenin girişi, s. 52). Onun şiir eleştirileri özellikle anlama yönelik olup birçok kişinin makbul gördüğü bazı şiirleri aşırı mübalağa vb. sebeplerle beğenmezdi.
Eserleri. Çoğu dil ve edebiyata dair olan altmış kadar kitap ve risâlesinden az bir kısmı zamanımıza intikal etmiştir. 1. el-Kâmil fi’l-edeb (fi’l-luġa ve’l-edeb ve’n-naḥv ve’t-taṣrîf). Müberred’in en meşhur eseri olup Câhiz’in el-Beyân ve’t-tebyîn’i, İbn Kuteybe’nin Edebü’l-kâtib’i ve Ebû Ali el-Kālî’nin el-Emâlî’siyle birlikte klasik Arap edebiyatının dört temel eserini teşkil eder. İslâm medeniyetinde gelişen şehir hayatının bir tezahürü olarak sosyal ilişkilerde zarafet şeklindeki edep telakkisinin en üst düzeyde ifadesi Câhiz’in eserlerinde görüldüğü gibi, Arap dilinin bütün inceliklerine vâkıf olma biçimindeki edep telakkisinin yansıması da onun öğrencileri olan İbn Kuteybe ile Müberred’in eserlerinde görülür. Öğrencisi Ahfeş el-Asgar’ın şerh, ilâve ve düzenlemesiyle günümüze ulaşan eser elli dokuz (veya altmış bir) bölüm olup âyet, hadis, hutbe, mev‘iza, mesel, kıssa ve hikemiyatla çoğu kadim şiirden seçmeler, lugat, gramer ve tarihî bilgi bakımından önemli açıklama ve değerlendirmeleri kapsar. Câhiz gibi okuyucunun ilgisini canlı tutmak için ciddi konuların arasına eğlendirici hikâye, fıkra, haber ve şiirleri ustalıkla yerleştirdiği, zaman zaman dil ve edebiyat konularından ayrılarak fıkıh, tefsir ve kelâm meselelerine daldığı görülür. Hâricîler’in ilginç şiir, hutbe, söz ve haberlerine dair verdiği sağlam bilgiler eserde geniş yer işgal eder (III, 1077-1360). Osman Reşer (Oskar Rescher) bunlarla ilgili bölümü Almanca’ya çevirerek yayımlamıştır (Die Kharidschiten kapital aus dem Kâmil [nach der Ausgabe William Wright’s] ein Specimen der älteren arabischen Adab-Litteratur, Stuttgart 1922). Aynı bölüm el-Kâmil-Bâbü’l-Ḫavâric adıyla Dımaşk’ta neşredilmiştir (ts. [Menşûrâtü Dâri’l-hikme]). Eser hakkında Ebû Ca‘fer en-Nehhâs’ın isabetli ve Ahfeş es-Sagīr’in kısmen isabetli eleştirilerinin olduğu kaydedilir. Ali b. Hamza el-Basrî eleştirisine yer verdiği eserler arasında el-Kâmil’deki lugat, şiir ve tarihî mâlûmata dair 109 tenkit yöneltmiş, fakat bunların bir kısmı isabetsiz görülmüştür (el-Muḳteḍab, neşredenin girişi, I, 57-59; M. Abdülhâliḳ Uzayme, s. 153-161). Muâfâ en-Nehrevânî, müellifi ve eserini takdir etmekle birlikte el-Kâmil’de yer alan haber ve kıssaların çoğunun senetsiz olduğunu söylemiş, bu sebeple seçilen isme uygun sayılmadığını belirtmiştir (el-Celîsü’ṣ-ṣâliḥi’l-kâfî, I, 161-162). el-Kâmil üzerinde şerh, şiirlerin açıklanması, özetleme, yeniden düzenleme ve taklid şeklinde birçok çalışma yapılmıştır (el-Kâmil, neşredenin önsözü, I, 18-19). İlk defa Wilhelm Wright tarafından neşredilen eserin (I-II, Leipzig 1864-1892) daha sonra çok sayıda baskısı yapılmıştır (İstanbul 1286, Kahire 1308, 1313, 1323, 1324, 1339, 1347, 1355, nşr. Zekî Mübârek, Kahire 1355; nşr. Ahmed Muhammed Şâkir, I-III, Kahire 1356 [III. cilt fihrist olup Seyyid Muhammed Kîlânî tarafından hazırlanmıştır, Kahire 1376/1956]; nşr. Muhammed Ebü’l-Fazl İbrâhim – Seyyid Şehâte, Kahire 1376/1956; nşr. Muhammed Ahmed ed-Dâlî, I-IV, Beyrut 1406/1986 [IV. cilt fihrist]). 2. el-Muḳteḍab. Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’den sonra Arap gramerinin en önemli eseri olup grameri anlaşılır bir üslûpla anlatan ilk kitaptır. Ancak eserin “zındık” diye tanıtılan İbnü’r-Râvendî’nin rivayetiyle intikal etmesi tanınıp istifade edilmesini engellemiştir (Kemâleddin el-Enbârî, s. 169; Yâkūt, XIX, 121). Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’nin daha önce tanınması, Müberred’in gramer konularında aklî istidlâle ağırlık vermesi gibi sebepler de eserin yaygınlaşmasını önlemiştir (Hadîce el-Hadîsî, s. 291-292). Temel kaynağı Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi olan, onu eleştirmek ve tamamlamak için telif edildiği belirtilen kitapta konuları daha iyi belirten ve Sîbeveyhi’ninkilere göre daha kısa olan orijinal terimler kullanılmıştır. Sarf ve fonetikle ilgili meseleler Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’de müstakil bölümlerde bir araya toplanmışken el-Muḳteḍab’da dağınık halde ele alınmıştır. 373’ünü Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’den iktibas ettiği 500 kadar âyeti şâhid olarak kullanmış, bazı âyetlerde ayrıntılı yorumlara yer vermiş, kıraat farklarına temas etmiştir. 380’i Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’den alınmış, şâhid olarak kullanılan 521 şiir parçasının çoğunun şairi açıklanmamıştır. İbn Dürüsteveyh, Rummânî ve Ebû Ca‘fer İbnü’l-Bâziş’in eser üzerine şerhleri zamanımıza intikal etmemiş, Saîd b. Saîd el-Fârikī’nin Tefsîrü’l-mesâʾili’l-müşkile fî evveli’l-Muḳteḍab’ı (Taʿlîḳa ʿalâ evâʾili’l-Muḳteḍab fi’n-naḥv) yayımlanmıştır (nşr. Semîr Ahmed Ma‘lûf, Kahire 1993). Emîn Ali Seyyid, el-Muḳteḍab li’l-Müberred adıyla yüksek lisans tezi hazırlamıştır (1960, Külliyyetü’l-ulûm, Kahire). el-Muḳteḍab’ı Muhammed Abdülhâliḳ Uzayme mukaddime ve ayrıntılı bir indeksle birlikte neşretmiştir (I-IV, Beyrut 1384-1389/1964-1969). 3. el-Fâżıl ve’l-mefżûl. On beş bölümden oluşan eser, bir konudaki nazım ve nesir ürünlerinden üstün olanlarla olmayanların açıklanması amacıyla yazılmış olup şiirin faziletine dair bir mukaddimeyle başlar. Cimrilik-cömertlik, gençlik-ihtiyarlık, haset, fesahat, güzellik, hilim, şükür gibi konulara dair âyet, hadis, sahâbe sözü, emsal, şiir, hikâye, haber, kıssa, mev‘iza, methiye, mersiye ve bunların lugat, gramer, i‘rab yönlerinden açıklamalarını kapsar. Kitapta Emevî devrinden bazı anekdotlarla Tevvezî, Mâzinî ve Riyâşî gibi üstatlarından nakillere de yer verilmiştir. Eser Abdülazîz el-Meymenî tarafından el-Fâżıl adıyla yayımlanmıştır (Kahire 1372/1953, 1375/1956, 1995). Ebü’l-Hasan Abdullah el-Hatîb, el-Müberred ve dirâsetü kitâbihi’l-Fâżıl ismiyle bir eser yazmıştır (Kahire 1985). 4. et-Teʿâzî ve’l-merâs̱î. Müellifin yakın dostu Mâlikî kadısı İsmâil b. İshak el-Ezdî’nin vefatı dolayısıyla 282’de (896) yazılan eser, el-Kâmil’inin sonunda yer alan ilgili bölüme daha ziyade kadim şairlerden yapılan ilâvelerle meydana getirilmiştir. Esere tâziye ve mersiye ile ilgili kaside, kıta ve beyitler alınmış, bunlar hakkında açıklamalar yapılmış, yer yer tarihî bilgiler verilmiştir (nşr. Ramazan Abdüttevvâb, Kahire 1965; nşr. Muhammed ed-Dîbâcî, Dımaşk 1396/1976; Beyrut 1412/1992). 5. el-Belâġa. Abbâsî Halifesi Vâsiḳ-Billâh’ın oğlu Ahmed’in şiirin belâgatının mı yoksa nesrin belâgatının mı daha üstün olduğu şeklindeki sorusuna cevap olarak yazılan eser belâgat konusunda ilk müstakil teliftir. Kitapta belâgatın tarifi, beliğ sözün şartları ve nitelikleri, bir konudaki manzum ve mensur sözlerin belâgat açısından değerlendirilmesi, bazı âyetlerle şiirlerin belâgī değeri mukayeselerle açıklanmıştır. Eseri ilk defa Gustave Edmund Von Grunebaum (“al-Mubarrad’s Epistle ou Poetry and Prose”, Orientalia, nova series, X [1941], s. 372-382), daha sonra Ramazan Abdüttevvâb (“el-Belâga li’l-Müberred”, Ḥavliyyâtü Külliyyeti’l-âdâb: Câmiʿatü ʿAyn Şems, IX [Kahire 1964], s. 41-114; Kahire 1965) ve Muhtârüddin Ahmed (Aligarh 1968) yayımlamıştır. 6. el-Müẕekker ve’l-müʾennes̱. Muhtevasında el-Muḳteḍab’a atıflar bulunduğu için ondan sonra yazıldığı anlaşılan eserde müzekker ve müenneslerle ilgili çeşitli konular yanında sûre, kabile, ülke ve yer adlarından dişil olanlar, bazı dişil sarf kalıpları gibi hususlarla ilgili meseleler âyet ve şiirlerden şâhidleriyle izah edilmiştir. Eser Ramazan Abdüttevvâb – Selâhaddin el-Hâdî tarafından neşredilmiştir (Kahire 1970). 7. el-Ḳavâfî ve me’şteḳḳat elḳābühâ minh. Ferrâ’nın aynı konudaki eserinden yararlanıldığı anlaşılan bu çalışmada kafiyeyle ilgili terimler ve kafiyenin çeşitleri örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Eser Ramazan Abdüttevvâb tarafından yayımlanmıştır (Ḥavliyyâtü Külliyyeti’l-âdâb bi-Câmiʿati ʿAyn Şems, XIII, Kahire 1973 içinde, s. 1-18). 8. Me’ttefeḳa lafẓuhû ve’ḫtelefe maʿnâhü mine’l-Ḳurʾâni’l-mecîd (nşr. Abdülazîz el-Meymenî, Kahire 1350/1931; nşr. Ahmed Muhammed Süleyman Ebû Ra‘d, Küveyt 1409/1989; nşr. Muhammed Rıdvân ed-Dâye, Dımaşk 1411/1991). 9. Nesebü ʿAdnân ve Ḳaḥtân. Araplar’ın soy bilimine dair en eski eserlerden olup İbn Hazm’ın el-Ensâb’ının temel kaynaklarındandır (nşr. Abdülazîz el-Meymenî er-Râckûtî, Kahire 1354/1936). 10. Risâle fî aʿcâzi ebyât tüġnî fi’t-tems̱îl ʿan ṣudûrihâ. Câhiliye ve ilk İslâm dönemi şairlerine ait olan ve çoğu nahiv şahidi konumunda bulunan seksen dört meşhur beytin son mısralarının (acüz/a‘câz) açıklamasıdır (nşr. Abdüsselâm Muhammed Hârûn, Nevâdirü’l-maḫṭûṭât, I, Kahire 1371/1951, s. 163-173). 11. er-Ravża. Müberred’den az önce yaşayan veya onunla çağdaş olan muhdes şairlerden seçmelerle onların bazı haber, hikâye ve anekdotlarına dairdir. el-Eġānî’den Ḫizânetü’l-edeb’e kadar birçok kitapta kendisinden iktibasların yapıldığı eserin yazma nüshasının Abdülazîz el-Meymenî’nin özel kitaplığında bulunduğu kaydedilir. Abdülkerîm Habîb bu iktibasların bir kısmını bir araya getirmiştir (“er-Ravża li’l-Müberred taḳdîm ve nuṣûṣ”, MMMA, XXXVI/1-2 [Kahire 1414/1993], s. 153-202). 12. er-Red ʿalâ Sîbeveyhi (Mesâʾilü’l-ġalaṭ). İ‘rab, istişhâd, âmiller, rivayet ve terimlerle ilgili olarak 131 meselede Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’ye yöneltilmiş eleştirilerden meydana gelmiş olup el-Muḳteḍab’ın girişinde zikredilmiştir (I, 89 vd.). Ancak müellif, genç yaşta yazdığı bu eleştirilerin bir kısmından daha sonra vazgeçmiş ve Sîbeveyhi’den özür dilemiştir (İbn Cinnî, I, 206; III, 278). Birçok âlim bu konuda Müberred’e eleştiri yazmıştır: Zeccâc, er-Red ʿale’l-Müberred; İbn Vellâd, el-İntiṣâr li-Sîbeveyhi mine’l-Müberred (Dârü’l-kütübi’l-Mısriyye, Teymûriyye, nr. 705); İbn Dürüsteveyh, Münâẓaratü Sîbeveyhi li’l-Müberred; Rummânî, el-Ḫilâf beyne Sîbeveyhi ve’l-Müberred; İbn Ebû Bürde el-Kasrî, Kitâb fi’l-intiṣâr li-Sîbeveyhi ʿale’l-Müberred fî Kitâbi’l-Ġalaṭ; İbnü’l-Hâc el-İşbîlî, Telḫîṣu Reddi’l-Müberred ʿalâ Sîbeveyhi ve’ntiṣâri İbn Vellâd lehû (Tunus Ahmediyye Ktp., nr. 3966; el-Methafü’l-Irâkī, nr. 778, 1352); Monique Bernards, Changing Traditions: Al-Mubarrad’s Refutation of Sībawayh and the Subsequent Reception of the Kitāb, Leiden 1997. 13. Ḫutbetü Taḳrîʿ (Musul Medresetü’l-Hacciyyât Ktp., nr. 56). 14. ez-Ziyâdetü’l-müntezeʿa min Kitâbi Sîbeveyhi. Kitâbü Sîbeveyhi’de eksik açıklanan yerlerin izahı hakkındadır (Konya Yûsuf Ağa Ktp., nr. 14). Bunlardan başka gramer, lugat, edebiyat, i‘râbü’l-Kur’ân, kıraat, Allah’ın isim ve sıfatları gibi konularda Müberred’e birçok eser nisbet edilmiştir (bk. İbnü’n-Nedîm, s. 59; el-Muḳteḍab, neşredenin girişi, I, 54-130; Hadîce el-Hadîsî, s. 147-305; Rezzûk Ferec Rezzûk, III/1 [1394/1974], s. 243-266).
Müberred’in sade bir üslûpla ve çoğu irticâlen söylenmiş birçok şiirinin olduğu kaydedilirse de (Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî, s. 112) biyografi eserlerinde yer alan şiirleri bazı methiye, gazel ve ihvâniyât parçalarından ibarettir. Kendisini himaye eden Bağdat Valisi Ubeydullah b. Abdullah b. Tâhir’e methiyesi ve sitem şiiri bunlardandır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Müberred, el-Muḳteḍab (nşr. M. Abdülhâliḳ Uzayme), Beyrut, ts. (Âlemü’l-kütüb), neşredenin girişi, I, 5-130; a.mlf., el-Belâġa (nşr. Ramazân Abdüttevvâb), Kahire 1965, neşredenin girişi, s. 5-52; a.mlf., el-Müẕekker ve’l-müʾennes̱ (nşr. Ramazân Abdüttevvâb – Selâhaddin el-Hâdî), Kahire 1970, neşredenlerin girişi, s. 6-64; a.mlf., el-Kâmil (nşr. M. Ahmed ed-Dâlî), Beyrut 1406/1986, I, 28, 135; II, 56; III, 22, 410; ayrıca bk. neşredenin girişi, I, 5-23; a.mlf., Me’ttefeḳa lafẓuhû ve’ḫtelefe maʿnâhü mine’l-Ḳurʾâni’l-mecîd (nşr. M. Rıdvân ed-Dâye), Dımaşk 1411/1991, neşredenin girişi, s. 7-12; a.mlf., et-Teʿâzî ve’l-merâs̱î (nşr. Muhammed ed-Dîbâcî), Beyrut 1412/1992, neşredenin girişi, s. e-t; İbn Abdürabbih, el-ʿİḳdü’l-ferîd, VI, 77-78; Ebü’l-Kāsım ez-Zeccâcî, Mecâlisü’l-ʿulemâʾ (nşr. Abdüsselâm M. Hârûn), Kahire 1403/1983, s. 84-87, 91, 94-99, 265-266; Ebü’t-Tayyib el-Lugavî, Merâtibü’n-naḥviyyîn (nşr. F. Krenkow), Beyrut-Paris 1936, s. 97-107; Sîrâfî, Aḫbârü’n-naḥviyyîne’l-Baṣriyyîn (nşr. F. Krenkow), Beyrut 1936, s. 97-107; Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî, Ṭabaḳātü’n-naḥviyyîn ve’l-luġaviyyîn (nşr. M. Ebü’l-Fazl İbrâhim), Kahire 1373/1954, s. 109-120; İbnü’n-Nedîm, el-Fihrist (Flügel), s. 59; Muâfâ en-Nehrevânî, el-Celîsü’ṣ-ṣâliḥu’l-kâfî ve’l-enîsü’n-nâṣıḥu’ş-şâfî (nşr. M. Mürsî el-Hûlî), Beyrut 1413/1993, I, 161-162; İbn Cinnî, el-Ḫaṣâʾiṣ (nşr. M. Ali en-Neccâr), Beyrut, ts. (Dârü’l-kitâbi’l-Arabî), I, 206; III, 278; Hatîb, Târîḫu Baġdâd, III, 380-387; Kemâleddin el-Enbârî, Nüzhetü’l-elibbâʾ (nşr. İbrâhim es-Sâmerrâî), Zerkā/Ürdün 1405/1985, s. 164-170; Yâkūt, Muʿcemü’l-üdebâʾ, XIX, 111-122; İbnü’l-Kıftî, İnbâhü’r-ruvât, III, 241-253; Yağmûrî, Nûrü’l-ḳabes el-muḫtaṣar mine’l-Muḳtebes (nşr. R. Sellheim), Wiesbaden 1384/1964, s. 324-332; İbn Hallikân, Vefeyât (Abdülhamîd), II, 441-447; Ahmed Emîn, Ḍuḥa’l-İslâm, Kahire 1351-55/1933-36, I, 331-338; Ahmed Haseneyn el-Karenî – Abdülhafîz Fergalî Alî, el-Müberred ḥayâtühû ve âs̱âruh, Kahire 1971; Ahmet Suphi Furat, al-Mubarrad Arap Filolojisindeki Yeri Dil ve Edebiyat Hakkındaki Çalışmaları (doçentlik takdim tezi, 1971), İÜ Ed.Fak.; Hâzım Tâhâ Mecîd, el-Müberred s̱eḳāfetühû ve âdâbüh (doktora tezi, 1973), Câmiatü’l-Ezher; Şevkī Dayf, el-Medârisü’n-naḥviyye, Kahire 1979, s. 123-135; Abdurrahman el-Acemî, Mesâʾilü’l-ḫilâfi’l-meʾsûr ʿani’l-Müberred ve Saʿleb (yüksek lisans tezi, 1404), Câmiatü’l-İmâm Muhammed b. Suûd el-İslâmiyye; M. Abdülhâliḳ Uzeyme, Ebü’l-ʿAbbâs el-Müberred ve es̱eruhû fi’l-ʿulûmi’l-ʿArabiyye, Riyad 1405; Tâhir Ahmed el-Mekkî, Dirâsât fî meṣâdiri’l-edeb, Kahire 1986, s. 216-234; Cum‘a Mebrûk el-Avn, el-Müberred ḥayâtühû ve âs̱âruhû ve menhecühû min ḫilâli kitâbihi’l-Muḳteḍab, Beyrut 1988; Hadîce el-Hadîsî, el-Müberred sîretühû ve müʾellefâtüh, Bağdad 1990, s. 147-305; Muhammed Nâsıf, “Naẓarât fi’l-edebi’l-ḳadîm”, es̱-S̱eḳāfe, LXXX, Kahire 1940, s. 16-19; CXXIII (1941), s. 22-25; CXXXV (1941), s. 11-13; M. Kürd Ali, “el-Müberred ve kitâbühü’l-Kâmil”, MMLADm., XXV (1950), s. 331-443; M. Fâzıl b. Âşûr, “İḫtilâfü’l-Müberred maʿa Sîbeveyhi”, a.e., XL/1 (1965), s. 30-45; Rezzûk Ferec Rezzûk, “el-Müberred dirâse bibliyoġrâfiyye”, el-Mevrid, III/1, Bağdad 1394/1974, s. 243-266; Muhammed b. Tâvît et-Tancî, “Ḥavle Kitâbi’t-Teʿâzî ve’l-merâşi li’l-Müberred”, a.e., III/4 (1394/1974), s. 311-313; İbrâhim el-Ebyârî, “el-Kâmil li’l-Müberred”, Mecelletü’t-türâs̱i’l-insâniyye, I, Kahire 1985, s. 3-18; Mahmûd M. el-Âmûdî, “Şerḥu Lâmiyyeti’l-ʿArabi’l-mensûb li’l-Müberred”, Ḥavliyyâtü Külliyyeti dâri’l-ʿulûm, XXIII, Kahire 1419/1998, s. 67-98; Nihad M. Çetin, “Müberred”, İA, III, 779-781; R. Sellheim, “el-Mubarrad”, EI2 (Fr.), VII, 281-284.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2006 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 31. cildinde, 432-434 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır. Bu madde en son 17.03.2019 tarihinde güncellenmiştir.