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MÜNTEHABÂT Skip to content Manzum ve mensur eser veya eserlerle süreli yayınlardan seçilmiş metinlerin yer aldığı derlemelerin genel adı; antoloji.
1/2 Müellif: MUSTAFA İSMET UZUN Bölüme Git
Sözlükte “seçilmiş, seçilerek bir araya getirilmiş” anlamındaki müntehab kelimesiyle çoğulu olan müntehabâtın bir telif türünü ifade eden terim olarak…
2/2 Müellif: TAHSİN YAZICI Bölüme Git
FARS EDEBİYATI. Fars edebiyatında antoloji mânasında, Ferîdüddin Attâr’ın dörtlüklerinden oluşan Muḫtârnâme’si dışında genel olarak Arap edebiyatında …
Sözlükte “seçilmiş, seçilerek bir araya getirilmiş” anlamındaki müntehab kelimesiyle çoğulu olan müntehabâtın bir telif türünü ifade eden terim olarak yaygın bir kullanım alanı vardır. İslâm dünyasında geniş hacimli eserlerin içinden belirli kısım veya konuların seçilmesi, tekrarlardan arındırılıp özetlenerek bazan müelliflerince yeniden düzenlenmesiyle meydana gelen kitaplarla tanınmış müelliflerin eserlerinden yapılmış derlemelere müntehab (müntehabât) adı verilmiştir. Aralarında bazı küçük farklar bulunmakla birlikte mecmûa, muhtâr/muhtârât, muktetaf/muktetafât gibi adlar taşıyan derlemelerle muhtasar/muhtasarât, mülahhas, telhîs, hulâsa, tehzîb, zübde başlığını taşıyan eserlerin bir kısmı da bir tür müntehabât sayılır. Bunlardan muhtar/muhtârât genellikle Arap edebiyatına, muhtasar/muhtasarât daha ziyade dinî ilimlerle İslâm tarihine dair eserlerde görülmektedir (bk. MUHTÂRÂT; MUHTASAR). Bununla birlikte yukarıdaki isimler zaman zaman birbirinin yerine de kullanılmıştır. Meselâ Teftâzânî, bir belâgat kitabı olan Telḫîṣü’l-Miftâḥ üzerine yazdığı el-Muṭavvel adlı şerhini özetleyerek buna Muḫtaṣarü’l-Meʿânî adını vermiş, Takıyyüddin İbn Kādî Şühbe, İbn Habîb el-Halebî’nin Mısır Memlükler tarihine dair Dürretü’l-eslâk’inden seçmeler yaparak oluşturduğu kitaba Münteḫabü Dürreti’l-eslâk başlığını koymuştur.
Belli konuları ana hatlarıyla işleyen kitaplara da müntehabât adı verilmiştir (Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn, II, 1848-1850; Îżâḥu’l-meknûn, II, 567-569). Abdülkādir el-Bedâûnî, Hindistan tarihine ait eserini Münteḫabü’t-tevârîḫ diye adlandırmış, Osmanlı müelliflerinden Ahmed Câvid Bey, XVII ve XVIII. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihçilerinin eserlerinden yaptığı seçmeleri Müntehabât-ı Câvid Bey adı altında toplamıştır (bu eser üzerine bir doktora tezi hazırlanmıştır: Adnan Baycar, Ahmed Cavid Bey’in Müntehabâtı: Tahlil ve Tenkitli Metin, 1999, İÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). Dinî ilimlere dair hacimli kitaplarla tezkire türü eserlerden, gramer, lugat, tıp, ahlâk, felsefe kitaplarından ve süreli yayınlardan yapılan derlemeler de bu şekilde adlandırılmıştır. XIV. yüzyıl tabiplerinden Hacı Paşa, Anadolu’da Arapça kaleme alınan ilk tıp kitaplarından olan Şifâʾü’l-esḳām ve Kitâbü’s-Saʿâde ve’l-iḳbâl isimli eserlerinden yaptığı seçmeleri Müntehab-ı Şifâ adıyla Türkçe’ye tercüme etmiştir (İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 495; Süleymaniye Ktp., Kadızâde Mehmed, nr. 351). Firdevsî’nin Şâhnâme’sinden seçmeler Münteḫabât-ı Şâhnâme-i Firdevsî-i Ṭûsî adıyla basılmıştır (İstanbul 1306). Selîm Fâris, babasının Arapça yayımladığı el-Cevâʾib gazetesindeki makalelerini derleyerek Kenzü’r-reġāʾib fî münteḫabâti’l-Cevâʾib ismiyle neşretmiştir (İstanbul 1871-1881).
Manzum edebî eserlerden seçilerek oluşturulmuş mecmuaların birçok özelliği müntehabât adı taşıyan eserler için de söz konusudur. Bu yakınlığı Mecmûa-i Müntehabât (Kütahya Vahîd Paşa İl Halk Ktp., nr. 1478), Mecmûa-i Müntehabât-ı Eş‘âr (İstanbul Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı, Muallim Cevdet, nr. K. 445), Mecmûa-i Müntehabât-ı Şi‘riyye-i Arabiyye ve Fârisiyye (Süleymaniye Ktp., Ayasofya, nr. 4195), Mecmûa-i Müntehabât-ı Kasâid ve Eş‘âr-ı Fârisiyye (Süleymaniye Ktp., Şehid Ali Paşa, nr. 2789/3) gibi derlemelerle mecmûa-i edebiyye, mecmûatü’l-eş‘âr, mecmûatü’l-ebyât gibi adlarla anılan manzum eserlerin isimlerinden başlayarak tesbit etmek mümkündür. Seçilen şiirler bir şaire aitse başlığa şairin adının, bazan da “divan” kelimesinin ilâve edildiği görülmektedir. Dîvânü münteḫabâti eş‘âri İbn Sînâ (Süleymaniye Ktp., Ayasofya, nr. 4829, 4849), Habib Efendi’nin Münteḫabât-ı ʿUbeyd-i Zâkânî’si (İstanbul 1303), Nâbî (Beyazıt Devlet Ktp., nr. 5729) ve Şinâsi’nin (İstanbul 1279) Müntehabât-ı Eş‘âr ’larıyla Edirne Müftüsü Fevzi Efendi’nin Müntehabât-ı Dîvân-ı Fevzî adlı eseri (İstanbul, ts.) bunun diğer örnekleridir. Ziyâ Paşa’nın 432 Türk, 448 Fars ve 382 Arap şairinin 1262 şiirini ihtiva eden Harâbât’ı Türk edebiyatında bütünüyle şiire tahsis edilen müntehabâtların en hacimli ve en önemli örneğidir (I, İstanbul 1291; II-III, 1292). Hacimli kitaplardan yapılan kısaltma ve derlemelere Muhammed Şükrü b. Ahmed’in Müntehabât-ı Mesnevî’siyle (İstanbul 1328) Habib Efendi’nin Müntehabât-ı Gülistân’ı (İstanbul 1309), Şemseddin Sivâsî’nin mevlidinden seçilmiş bölümlerin yer aldığı Müntehab Mevlidi’n-Nebî (Ahmed Sûzî, Dîvan içinde, İstanbul 1290, s. 1-8) gibi kitaplar örnek verilebilir.
XX. yüzyıl başlarında edebî metinleri derleyen antoloji niteliğindeki kitaplar arasında Bulgurluzâde Rızâ Bey’in Müntehabât-ı Bedâyi‘-i Edebiyye’si (I, İstanbul 1326 [manzum]; II, İstanbul 1326 [mensur]; İstanbul 1326 [zeyil]), Re’fet Avni ve Süleyman Bahri’nin birlikte hazırladıkları Resimli Müntehabât-ı Edebiyye (İstanbul 1329), Fâik Reşad’ın Muharrerât-ı Nâdire yâhud Hazîne-i Müntehabât’ı (İstanbul 1307), Mehmed Cevdet’in Müntehabât-ı Sahâif-i Nefîse’si (İstanbul 1330) zikredilebilir. Sadece beyit ve mısraları derleyen müntehabâtlar da vardır. Bunlara Şeyhülislâm Yahyâ Tevfik Efendi’nin İran ve Osmanlı şairlerinden seçtiği beyitleri içeren Müntehab adlı derlemesiyle (TSMK, Hazine, nr. 344) Bursalı Mehmed Tâhir’in Müntehabâtü Mesâri‘ ve Ebyât’ı (İstanbul 1328) örnek gösterilebilir.
Dinî konuları ve fıkhî bilgileri derleyen müntehabâtlar için Mustafa b. Îsâ’nın Mecmaʿu’l-münteḫabât’ı (Süleymaniye Ktp., Hacı Beşir Ağa, nr. 333) zikredilebilir. Mehmed Zihni Efendi, Arapça öğretimine dair kitabına el-Münteḫab fî taʿlîmi luġati’l-ʿArab adını vermiş (İstanbul 1303), ayrıca Ni‘met-i İslâm’ın tahâret ve ibadet bahislerini el-Muhtasarât fî mesâili’t-tahârât ve’l-ibâdât ismiyle neşretmiştir (İstanbul 1332). İbrahim Fehim ve İsmail Hakkı Eldem’in Müntehabât-ı Terâcim-i Meşâhîr’i (İstanbul 1307), Mehmed Fahri’nin Müntehabât-ı Sıhhiyye’si (İstanbul 1308) bu tür teliflerin biyografiden popüler sağlık konularına kadar uzandığını göstermektedir.
Tanınmış müelliflerin gazetelerde çıkan yazıları daha sonra bir araya getirilerek müntehabât adıyla yayımlanmıştır. Üç ciltlik Müntehabât-ı Tercümân-ı Hakîkat ile (İstanbul, ts.) Ebüzziyâ Mehmed Tevfik’in Nâmık Kemal’in gazetedeki yazılarından siyasiyat, edebiyat ve makālât alt başlığıyla derlediği Müntehabât-ı Tasvîr-i Efkâr (İstanbul 1303-1311), yine Ebüzziyâ’nın Nâmık Kemal’den derlediği Makālât-ı Mütenevvia’sı (İstanbul 1311) bu tür eserlerdendir. Bunun yanında Evliya Çelebi, Ahmed Midhat Efendi, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, Hüseyin Remzi Efendi’nin eserlerinden yapılan seçmeler de müelliflerin adlarının başına müntehabât kelimesi getirilerek neşredilmiştir (Özege, III, 1268-1269).
Müntehabât kelimesinin bazı sözlük adlarında da kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Hacimli sözlüklerin kısaltılmasıyla ortaya çıkan eserler bu adı taşıdığı gibi alanın genişliği karşısında kendisine bir sınırlama getirmek isteyen müellifler de müntehabât kelimesine eserlerinin adları içerisinde yer vermişlerdir. Redhouse sözlüğünden derlenen Müntehabât-ı Lugāt-ı Osmâniyye ile (İstanbul 1268-1269) Ahmed Vefik Paşa (Müntehabât-ı Durûb-ı Emsâl: Atalar Sözü, Bursa, ts.) ve Hafîd Efendi’nin (ed-Dürerü’l-müntehabâtü’l-mensûre fî ıslâhi’l-galatâti’l-meşhûre , İstanbul 1221) eserleri bunların en tanınmışları arasında zikredilebilir.
XIX ve XX. yüzyıllarda notalarıyla neşredilen klasik Türk mûsikisinin çeşitli formlardaki eserleri ve fasıllarla kanto mecmualarının bir kısmı “müntehabât” başlığı altında yayımlanmıştır. Müntehabât-ı Âsâr-ı Mûsıkî (İstanbul, ts.) bunlardan bir örnektir. Müntehabât genel başlığı altında hangi makamdan seçilmiş olduklarını belirten adlar taşıyan bu eserlerin bir listesi Seyfettin Özege tarafından verilmiştir (Katalog, III, 1267-1268). Konuyu bir tebliğinde ele alan Etem Ruhi Üngör, bu tür müntehabâtları Musiki Mecmuası’nda (bk. bibl.) neşrettiği kapsamlı makalesiyle ilim dünyasına sunmuştur.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn, I, 472-480; II, 1848-1850; Îżâḥu’l-meknûn, II, 567-569; Adıvar, Osmanlı Türklerinde İlim, s. 10; FME, I, 91-92, 513; Özege, Katalog, III, 1266-1272; Etem Ruhi Üngör, “Türk Mûsıkîsinde Nota Yayımcılığı, Yayımlar-Yayımcılar”, MM, sy. 337-338 (1977), s. 1-42; A. Hamori, “Muk̲h̲tārāt”, EI2 (İng.), VII, 526-528; Günay Kut, “Muk̲h̲tārāt”, a.e., VII, 531-532; a.mlf., “Mecmua”, TDEA, VI, 170-173; Dihhudâ, Luġatnâme, XIII, 19066-19067; Ömer Faruk Akün, “Ahmed Vefik Paşa”, DİA, II, 152; Orhan Şâik Gökyay, “Cönk”, a.e., VIII, 73-75; Abdülkadir Özcan, “Hafîd Efendi”, a.e., XV, 112; Cemal Kurnaz, “Harâbât”, a.e., XVI, 68-69; Mustafa Uzun, “Mecmua”, a.e., XXVIII, 266; Hulusi Kılıç, “Mehmed Zihni Efendi”, a.e., XXVIII, 542-543; “Nazif Ahmed Bey”, TDEA, VI, 542.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2006 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 32. cildinde, 28-29 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
FARS EDEBİYATI. Fars edebiyatında antoloji mânasında, Ferîdüddin Attâr’ın dörtlüklerinden oluşan Muḫtârnâme’si dışında genel olarak Arap edebiyatında görülen muhtârât terimine rastlanmaz. Klasik edebiyatta müntehabât ve intihâbât, modern edebiyatta ise antoloji kelimesinin Yunanca aslındaki (anthologikha: çiçeklerden yapılmış taç ya da çelenk) anlamı yansıtan gülçîn-i edebî tabiri kullanılır. Bunun yanında güzîde, mecmûa, hulâsa, beyâz, cöng, gülzâr, güldeste ve sefîne başlıkları altında şiir koleksiyonları bulunur.
Fars edebiyatında antoloji niteliğine sahip ilk eserler şairlerin hayat hikâyelerini anlatan ve şiirlerini nakleden tezkire kitaplarıdır. Bu alandaki en eski çalışmanın Avfî’nin (ö. 629/1232 [?]) Lübâbü’l-elbâb’ı olduğu kabul edilir. Daha sonraki dönemlerde şairlerin biyografileriyle birlikte şiirlerinin de yer aldığı tezkire kitapları birer şiir antolojisi kaynağı olmuştur. Devletşah’ın Teẕkiretü’ş-şuʿarâʾ, Şeyh Ali Hazîn’in Teẕkiretü’l-muʿâṣırîn, Lutf Ali Beg Âzer’in Âteşkede ve Rızâ Kulı Han’ın Mecmaʿu’l-fuṣaḥâ adlı eserleri tanınmış tezkirelerden birkaçıdır (bk. TEZKİRE). Ali b. Zeyd el-Beyhakī’nin Târîḫ-i Beyhaḳ’ında olduğu gibi şairlerin biyografileriyle ilgili bölümlerde şiirlere yer verilmesi bazı tarih kitaplarına da mecmua niteliği kazandırmıştır.
Tezkirelerin yanı sıra her devirde çeşitli şiirler bir araya getirilerek mecmualar oluşturulmuştur. Bu türde bilinen en eski çalışma Muhammed b. Bedr-i Câcermî’nin 740 (1340) yılından sonra derlediği ve 200 şairden şiirleri topladığı Münîsü’l-aḥrâr’dır. Aynı yüzyılda Abdülazîz el-Kâşî’nin derlediği ve içinde Arapça şiirlerin de bulunduğu Ravżatü’n-nâẓır ve nüzhetü’l-ḫâṭır da bir antoloji niteliğindedir. Bu alandaki en zengin mecmualardan biri Selçuklu ve Moğollar dönemine ait Farsça şiirlerin yer aldığı, Muhammed Sâdık b. Şemseddin’in 1117’de (1705) telif ettiği Riyâżü’l-ʿuşşâḳ’tır (Rieu, II, 737).
Büyük şairlerin kitaplarından yapılan seçmeler de bir başka türü oluşturur. Firdevsî’nin Şâhnâme’si, Nizâmî’nin Ḫamse’si ve Mevlânâ’nın Mes̱nevî’si başta olmak üzere Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî, Örfî-i Şîrâzî gibi birçok şairin divanından ve manzum eserlerinden antolojiler derlenmiştir. Eski şairlerden “güzîde” başlığı ile yapılan antolojiler arasında Güzîde-i Eşʿâr-ı Mesʿûd-i Saʿd (Tahran 1374 hş.), Güzîde-i Dîvân-ı Ḥakîm Senâʾî-yi Ġaznevî (Tahran 1377 hş.), Güzîde-i Dâstânhâ-yı Mes̱nevî (Tahran 1370 hş.), Güzîde-i Bostân-ı Saʿdî (Tahran 1369 hş.), Güzîde-i Ġazeliyyât ez Dîvân-ı Ḥâfıẓ (Tahran 1371 hş.), Güzîde-i Ḫüsrev-i Şîrîn ez Penç Genc-i Niẓâmî-yi Gencevî (Tahran 1373 hş.) ve Güzîde-i Ġazeliyyât-ı Ḥazîn-i Lâhîcî (Tahran 1377 hş.) bulunur. Bunun yanında Güzîde-i Eşʿâr-ı Fürûġ-i Ferrûḫzâd gibi (Tahran 1377) XX. yüzyıl şairlerinden de antolojiler hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca eski edebiyatın şiirleriyle ilgili örneklerin yer aldığı, XX. yüzyıl edebiyat tarihçilerinin eserlerinden antoloji niteliği taşıyanlar vardır. Bedîüzzaman Fürûzanfer’in Süḫan u Süḫanverân ve Zebîhullah Safâ’nın manzum eserler için düzenlediği Genc-i Süḫan’ı çok rağbet görmüştür. Bir kısım antolojiler özel mâna ve mefhumlara göre bir araya getirilmiş, bu yolla gül, aşk, anne, baba ve vatan gibi alanlardaki mefhumlarla ilgili şiirler bir mecmuada toplanmıştır. Kerbelâ şehidleri için yazılmış şiirlerin yer aldığı Vâḳıʿât u Rivâyât adlı mecmua (a.g.e., II, 739), Mecmûʿa-i Eşʿâr-ı Genc-i ʿİrfân (Tahran 1370 hş.), Mecmûʿa-i Eşʿâr-ı Ceng (Tahran 1367 hş.), Ali Rızâ Zekâvetî’nin Güzîde-i Eşʿâr-i Sebk-i Hindî, ayrıca Cöng-i Mâder (Tahran 1364 hş.) bu tip çalışmalardandır. Son dönemde genç şairlerin şiirlerinden Cöng-i Şiʿr-i Şebhâ-yı Şehriyor (Tahran 1380 hş.) adlı bir antoloji oluşturulmuştur.
Modern anlamda antolojinin başladığı XX. yüzyılın başından itibaren Farsça şiir yazan şairlerin yeni şiirleri periyodik yayınlar içinde çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu konuda öncü, Muhammed Rızâ Heştrûdî’nin Münteḫabât-ı Âs̱âr ez Nüvîsendegân-i Muʿâṣır adlı çalışmasıdır (Tahran 1303 hş.). Modern antolojiler arasında Hüseyin Pizmân’ın Bihterîn-i Eşʿâr’ı (Tahran 1313 hş.) ve Seyyid Muhammed Bâkır Burkaî’nin Süḫanverân-ı Nâmî-yi Muʿâṣır’ı (Tahran 1313 hş.) önemlidir. Sîrûs Tâhbâz’ın Nîmâ Yûşîc’in bir cildi şiir, bir cildi nesir çalışmalarından olmak üzere hazırladığı Ber Güzîde-i Âs̱âr-ı Nîmâ Yûşîc’de olduğu gibi bazan bir şairin hem nazmından hem nesrinden seçme yapılarak antolojiler oluşturulmuştur. E. Granville Browne’nin The Press and Poetry of Modern Persia (Cambridge 1914), Dinşahî Îrânî’nin Poets of the Pehlevi Regime (Bombay 1933), Munibur Rahman’ın Post Revolutionary Verse (Aligarh 1955) adlı eserleri modern şiirin İran dışında tanınmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Son dönemde Sîrûs Âtâbây’ın Âvâzhâ-yi Ferdâ’sı (Tahran 1348 hş.), Dâryûş-i Şâhîn’in Râhiyân-i Şiʿr-i Muʿâṣır’ı ve Muhammed Hukūkī’nin Şiʿr-i Nev ez Âġāz tâ İmrûz’ı (Tahran 1353 hş.) yeni şiirin antoloji çalışmaları arasındadır. Bu mecmuaların çoğunda bir mukaddimenin yanı sıra şiir açıklamaları ve tahliller bulunur. Hatta kısaca verilen şair biyografisi antolojiye tezkire özelliği de kazandırır. Gerek eski gerekse yeni şairlerin şiirlerinden yapılan seçmelerde “gülçîn” adıyla da antolojiler meydana getirilmiştir. Bunlar arasında Gülçîn-i Ṣâʾib (der. Zeynelâbidîn Mü’temim, Tahran 1371 hş.), Gülçîn-i Ġazeliyyât-ı Şems-i Tebrîzî (der. M. Rızâ Ali Kulızâde, Tahran 1371 hş.), Gülçîn-i Ġazeliyyât-ı Saʿdî (ed. Menûçihr Adaniyat, Tahran 1377 hş.), Gülçîn-i Şiʿr-i Fârisî (Tahran 1372 hş.) ve Gülçîn-i Medâyiḥ ve Merâs̱î (Tahran 1363 hş.) adlı çalışmalar yer alır. Yine son dönemde “sefîne” başlığıyla şiir seçmeleri yayımlanmıştır. Sefîne-i Ḥâfıẓ (Tahran 1346 hş.), Sefîne-i Ġazel (Tahran 1356 hş.) ve büyük şairlerin şiirlerinin bir araya getirildiği Sefîne-i Mevârid (Tahran 1383 hş.) bunlardandır. Ḫulâṣa-i Şâhnâme-i Firdevsî (Tahran 1373 hş.), Ḫulâṣa-i Ḥadîḳa-i Ḥakîm Senâʾî (Tahran 1374 hş.) ve Ḫulâṣa-i Mes̱nevî-i Mevlevî (Tahran 1390 hş.) gibi antolojilere de rastlanır.
Aynı dönemde Batılı şair ve yazarların eserlerinden tercüme yapılarak antolojiler yayımlanmıştır. Şücâeddin Şüfâ’nın Münteḫabî ez Şâhkârhâ-yı Şiʿr-i Cihân (Tahran 1348 hş.) ve Nasrullah Felsefî’nin Münteḫab-ı Eşʿâr-i Viktor Hugo (Tahran 1335 hş.) bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Ayrıca çeşitli şairlerin Farsça şiirleri yabancı dillere çevrilerek antolojiler meydana getirilmiştir. Ahmed Kerîmî Hakkāk’ın İngilizce’ye çevirdiği Farsça şiirlerden oluşan Anthology of Modern Persian Poetry (Boulder 1978), Nasira Sharma’nın şiirlerin Farsça’sının da yer aldığı Echoes of Iranian Revolution Poems of Revolt and Liberation (New Delhi 1979) ve Rızâ Sabirî’nin 1000 yıllık rubâî örneklerini bir araya topladığı A Thousand Years of Persian Rubāʿiyāt (Bethesda 2000) adlı çalışmaları örnek olarak kaydedilebilir.
Fars edebiyatında manzum eserlerin yanı sıra mensur eserlerden de seçmeler yapılmıştır. Abdülgaffâr Necmüddevle’nin Necmeddîn-i Dâye’nin eserinden düzenlediği Münteḫab-ı Mirṣâdü’l-ʿibâd’ı (Tahran 1301 hş.), Asker-i Hukūkī’nin Senâî’nin eserinden Münteḫab-ı Ḥadîḳatü’l-ḥaḳīḳa’sı (Tahran 1346 hş.), Gulâm Hüseyin Yûsufî’nin Münteḫab-i Ḳābûsnâme’si (Tahran 1347 hş.) ve Mirza Abdülazîm Gürgânî’nin Münteḫab-ı Kelîle ve Dimne-i Behramşâhî’si (Tahran 1320 hş.) bunlardan birkaçıdır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Beyhakī, Târîḫ (Behmenyâr), s. 255-266; Rieu, Catalogue of the Persian Manuscript, II, 733-740; Browne, LHP, II, 436-437; FME, I, tür.yer.; Ethé, Târîḫ-i Edebiyyât, s. 3-18; Hânbâbâ, Fihrist, IV, 4239-4241, 4972-5010; Kāsım Nejâd, “Güzîde”, Ferhengnâme-i Edeb-i Fârsî (nşr. Hasan Enûşe), Tahran 1381 hş., II, 1177-1178; J. T. P. de Bruijn, “Muk h tārāt”, EI2 (İng.), VII, 528-531.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2006 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 32. cildinde, 29-30 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.