Nanocomposites obtained from various acrylate resins with DPGDA reactive diluent filled with fumed silica particles produced by using a DLP/LCD-type 3D printer

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 672 – 683, 31.07.2024

Mustafa Çakır Emre Akın

https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1482541

Öz

Bu çalışmada, DPGDA reaktif seyreltici ile formüle edilmiş silikon akrilat (SiA), uretan akrilat (UA) ve poliester akrilat (PEA) gibi çeşitli akrilat reçine sistemleri ve bunların farklı oranlarda hidrofilik ve amorf yapıya sahip dumanlı silika parçacıkları ile doldurularak DLP/LCD tipi 3B yazıcı tarafından üretilen nanokompozitleri hazırlanmıştır. Dumanlı silika içeriğindeki artış, her bir akrilat bazlı reçine sistemi için maksimum çekme dayanımı, Young modülü, Izod darbe dayanımı ve sertlik değerlerinde belirli bir noktaya kadar artışa neden olmuştur. PEA-DPGDA-%2FS nanokompoziti, maksimum çekme ve Izod darbe dayanımında sırasıyla %20,6 ve %47,2’lik bir artış göstermiştir. UA-DPGDA-1%FS ile Izod darbe dayanımında %61,7 oranında önemli bir artış elde edilmiştir. PEA-DPGDA ve UA-DPGDA, SiA-DPGDA numunesinden çok daha yüksek mekanik özellikler göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, dumanlı silika dolgulu SiA-DPGDA numunelerinin maksimum çekme dayanımı, Young modülü ve Izod darbe dayanımı sırasıyla %90, %74,4 ve %60,8 oranında önemli artışlar göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DLP/LCD-tip 3B yazıcı, DPGDA reaktif seyreltici, Dumanlı silika nanopartikül, Akrilat reçineleri

Kaynakça

• Cakir Yigit N, Karagoz, I (2023) A review of recent advances in bio-based polymer composite filaments for 3D printing. Polym Plast Technol Mater 62(9):1077-1095.
• Karagöz İ, Bekdemir AD, Tuna Ö (2021) 3B yazıcı teknolojilerindeki kullanılan yöntemler ve gelişmeler üzerine bir derleme. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9(4):1186-1213.
• Schittecatte L, Geertsen V, Bonamy D, Nguyen TT, Guénoun P (2023) From resin formulation and process parameters to the final mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylate materials. MRS Commun. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43579-023-00352-3
• Dawood A., Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A (2015) 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2015.914
• Gopinathan J, Noh I (2018) Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing. Biomater Res 22.
• Kim HK, Ju HT, Hong JW (2003) Characterization of UV-cured polyester acrylate films containing acrylate functional polydimethylsiloxane. Eur Polym J 39:2235–2241.
• Liu J, Jiao X, Cheng F, Fan Y, Wu, Yang X (2020) Fabrication and performance of UV cured transparent silicone modified polyurethane–acrylate coatings with high hardness, good thermal stability and adhesion. Prog Org Coat 144:105673.
• Bagheri A, Jin J (2019) Photopolymerization in 3D Printing. ACS Appl Polym Mater 1: 593–611.
• Davidson RS, Ellis R, Tudor S, Wilkinson, SA (1992) The photopolymerization of acrylates and methacrylates containing silicon. Polym 33:3031–3036.
• Kim HK, Ju HT, Hong JW (2003) Characterization of UV-cured polyester acrylate films containing acrylate functional polydimethylsiloxane. Eur Polym J 39:2235–2241.
• Jafarzadeh S, Claesson PM, Sundell P-E, Tyrode E, Pan J (2016) Active corrosion protection by conductive composites of polyaniline in a UV-cured polyester acrylate coating. Prog Org Coat 90:154–162.
• Chen H, Lee S-Y, Lin Y-M (2020) Synthesis and Formulation of PCL-Based Urethane Acrylates for DLP 3D Printers. Polym 12:1500.
• Deng Y, Li J, He Z, Hong J, Bao J (2020) Urethane acrylate‐based photosensitive resin for three‐dimensional printing of stereolithographic elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 137.
• Porcarello M, Mendes-Felipe C, Lanceros-Mendez S, Sangermano M (2024) Design of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil biobased photo-curable formulations for 3D printing. Sustain Mater Technol, 40: e00927.
• Keck S, Liske O, Seidler K, Steyrer B, Gorsche C, Knaus S, Baudis S (2023) Synthesis of a Liquid Lignin-Based Methacrylate Resin and Its Application in 3D Printing without Any Reactive Diluents. Biomacromolecules 24:1751–1762.
• Kim DS, Seo WH (2004) Ultraviolet‐curing behavior and mechanical properties of a polyester acrylate resin. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3921–3928.
• Wang J, Li J, Wang X, Cheng Q, Weng Y, Ren J (2020) Synthesis and properties of UV-curable polyester acrylate resins from biodegradable poly(l-lactide) and poly(ε-caprolactone). React Funct Polym 155:104695.
• ZK Lahijania Y, Mohseni M, Bastani S (2014) Characterization of mechanical behavior of UV cured urethane acrylate nanocomposite films loaded with silane treated nanosilica by the aid of nanoindentation and nanoscratch experiments. Tribol Int, 69:10–18.
• Sadej M, Andrzejewska, E (2016) Silica/aluminum oxide hybrid as a filler for photocurable composites. Prog Org Coat 94:1–8.
• Prasertsri S, Rattanasom N (2012) Fumed and precipitated silica reinforced natural rubber composites prepared from latex system: Mechanical and dynamic properties. Polym Test 31:593–605.
• Preghenella M, Pegoretti A, Migliaresi, C (2005) Thermo-mechanical characterization of fumed silica-epoxy nanocomposites. Polym 46:12065–12072.
• Barthel H, Rösch L, J Weis (2005) Fumed Silica – Production, Properties, and Applications. In: N Auner, J Weis (eds) Organosilicon Chemistry II: From Molecules to Materials, Wiley, USA.
• Dorigato A, D’Amato M, Pegoretti, A (2012) Thermo-mechanical properties of high density polyethylene – fumed silica nanocomposites: effect of filler surface area and treatment. J Polym Res 19.
• Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Chen Y (2013) Polymer–filler interaction of fumed silica filled polydimethylsiloxane investigated by bound rubber. Compos Sci Technol 86:1–8.
• Aalto-Korte K (2012) Acrylic resins. In: SM John, JD Johansen, T Rustemeyer, P Elsner, HI Maibach (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, pp 737–756.
• Janani R, Majumder D, Scrimshire A, Stone A, Wakelin E, Jones AH, Wheeler NV, Brooks W, Bingham PA (2023) From acrylates to silicones: A review of common optical fibre coatings used for normal to harsh environments. Prog Org Coat 180:107557.
• Jagtap AR, More A (2021) Developments in reactive diluents: a review. Polym Bull 79:5667–5708.
• Wu G, Zang H, Zhang H (2020) Preparation and performance of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane prepared using dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate/dipropylene glycol diacrylate monomers. J Macromol Sci Part A 57:927–934.
• Dalgakıran D, Deniz S (2023) Preparation and gas permeability properties of polyetherimide based nanocomposite membranes with fumed silica nanoparticles. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science 3(1):39–52.
• MA Bahattab, V García-Pacios, J Donate-Robles, JM Martín-Martínez (2012) Comparative Properties of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Fumed Silica Filled Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesives. J Adhes Sci Technol 26:303–315.
• Zhao J, Wu D, Han JY, Jin Z (2014) Mechanical Properties of Fumed Silica / HDPE Composites. AMM 633–634:427–430.
• Liu CC, Maciel GE (1996) The Fumed Silica Surface: A Study by NMR. J Am Chem Soc 118:5103–5119.
• Khavryutchenko AV, Khavryutchenko VD (2003) Fumed silica synthesis. Influence of hydrogen chloride on the fumed silica particle formation process. Macromol Symp, 194:253–268.
• Hassanajili S, Sajedi MT (2016) Fumed silica/polyurethane nanocomposites: effect of silica concentration and its surface modification on rheology and mechanical properties. Iran Polym J, 25:697–710.
• Marouf BT, Mai Y-W, Bagheri R, Pearson RA (2016) Toughening of epoxy nanocomposites: nano and hybrid effects. Polym Rev 56:70–112.
• Liang YL, Pearson RA (2009) Toughening mechanisms in epoxy–silica nanocomposites (ESNs). Polym, 50:4895–4905.
• PS S, Prasad V, Pahovnik D, Thomas S, Haponiuk JT, George SC (2022) Study the effect of fumed silica on the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites. J Polym Res 29.
• Arangure MI, Mora E, Macosko CW (1997) Compounding fumed silicas into polydimethylsiloxane: bound rubber and final aggregate size. J Colloid Interface Sci, 195: 329–337.

Nanocomposites obtained from various acrylate resins with DPGDA reactive diluent filled with fumed silica particles produced by using a DLP/LCD-type 3D printer

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 672 – 683, 31.07.2024

Mustafa Çakır Emre Akın

https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1482541

Öz

The present study presents various acrylate resin systems formulated with dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA) reactive diluent such as silicon acrylate (SiA), urethane acrylate (UA), and polyester acrylate (PEA) and their nanocomposites prepared by filling hydrophilic and amorphous fumed silica particles (FS) in different proportions produced by DLP (Digital Light Processing) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) (DLP/LCD) type 3D printers. The increase in the fumed silica content resulted in an increase in the ultimate tensile strength, the Young’s modulus, the Izod impact strength, and the hardness values up to a certain value for each acrylate resin system. The PEA-DPGDA-2%FS nanocomposite showed an increase of 20.6% and 47.2% in the ultimate tensile strength and the Izod impact strength, respectively. A substantial increase in Izod impact strength of 61.7% was achieved with UA-DPGDA-1%FS. PEA-DPGDA and UA-DPGDA showed much higher mechanical properties than SiA-DPGDA. However, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Izod impact strength of fumed silica-filled SiA-DPGDA samples showed substantial increases of 90%, 74.4%, and 60.8%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DLP/LCD-type 3D printer, DPGDA reactive diluent, Fumed silica nanoparticle, Acrylate resins

Kaynakça

• Cakir Yigit N, Karagoz, I (2023) A review of recent advances in bio-based polymer composite filaments for 3D printing. Polym Plast Technol Mater 62(9):1077-1095.
• Karagöz İ, Bekdemir AD, Tuna Ö (2021) 3B yazıcı teknolojilerindeki kullanılan yöntemler ve gelişmeler üzerine bir derleme. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9(4):1186-1213.
• Schittecatte L, Geertsen V, Bonamy D, Nguyen TT, Guénoun P (2023) From resin formulation and process parameters to the final mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylate materials. MRS Commun. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43579-023-00352-3
• Dawood A., Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A (2015) 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2015.914
• Gopinathan J, Noh I (2018) Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing. Biomater Res 22.
• Kim HK, Ju HT, Hong JW (2003) Characterization of UV-cured polyester acrylate films containing acrylate functional polydimethylsiloxane. Eur Polym J 39:2235–2241.
• Liu J, Jiao X, Cheng F, Fan Y, Wu, Yang X (2020) Fabrication and performance of UV cured transparent silicone modified polyurethane–acrylate coatings with high hardness, good thermal stability and adhesion. Prog Org Coat 144:105673.
• Bagheri A, Jin J (2019) Photopolymerization in 3D Printing. ACS Appl Polym Mater 1: 593–611.
• Davidson RS, Ellis R, Tudor S, Wilkinson, SA (1992) The photopolymerization of acrylates and methacrylates containing silicon. Polym 33:3031–3036.
• Kim HK, Ju HT, Hong JW (2003) Characterization of UV-cured polyester acrylate films containing acrylate functional polydimethylsiloxane. Eur Polym J 39:2235–2241.
• Jafarzadeh S, Claesson PM, Sundell P-E, Tyrode E, Pan J (2016) Active corrosion protection by conductive composites of polyaniline in a UV-cured polyester acrylate coating. Prog Org Coat 90:154–162.
• Chen H, Lee S-Y, Lin Y-M (2020) Synthesis and Formulation of PCL-Based Urethane Acrylates for DLP 3D Printers. Polym 12:1500.
• Deng Y, Li J, He Z, Hong J, Bao J (2020) Urethane acrylate‐based photosensitive resin for three‐dimensional printing of stereolithographic elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 137.
• Porcarello M, Mendes-Felipe C, Lanceros-Mendez S, Sangermano M (2024) Design of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil biobased photo-curable formulations for 3D printing. Sustain Mater Technol, 40: e00927.
• Keck S, Liske O, Seidler K, Steyrer B, Gorsche C, Knaus S, Baudis S (2023) Synthesis of a Liquid Lignin-Based Methacrylate Resin and Its Application in 3D Printing without Any Reactive Diluents. Biomacromolecules 24:1751–1762.
• Kim DS, Seo WH (2004) Ultraviolet‐curing behavior and mechanical properties of a polyester acrylate resin. J Appl Polym Sci 92:3921–3928.
• Wang J, Li J, Wang X, Cheng Q, Weng Y, Ren J (2020) Synthesis and properties of UV-curable polyester acrylate resins from biodegradable poly(l-lactide) and poly(ε-caprolactone). React Funct Polym 155:104695.
• ZK Lahijania Y, Mohseni M, Bastani S (2014) Characterization of mechanical behavior of UV cured urethane acrylate nanocomposite films loaded with silane treated nanosilica by the aid of nanoindentation and nanoscratch experiments. Tribol Int, 69:10–18.
• Sadej M, Andrzejewska, E (2016) Silica/aluminum oxide hybrid as a filler for photocurable composites. Prog Org Coat 94:1–8.
• Prasertsri S, Rattanasom N (2012) Fumed and precipitated silica reinforced natural rubber composites prepared from latex system: Mechanical and dynamic properties. Polym Test 31:593–605.
• Preghenella M, Pegoretti A, Migliaresi, C (2005) Thermo-mechanical characterization of fumed silica-epoxy nanocomposites. Polym 46:12065–12072.
• Barthel H, Rösch L, J Weis (2005) Fumed Silica – Production, Properties, and Applications. In: N Auner, J Weis (eds) Organosilicon Chemistry II: From Molecules to Materials, Wiley, USA.
• Dorigato A, D’Amato M, Pegoretti, A (2012) Thermo-mechanical properties of high density polyethylene – fumed silica nanocomposites: effect of filler surface area and treatment. J Polym Res 19.
• Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Chen Y (2013) Polymer–filler interaction of fumed silica filled polydimethylsiloxane investigated by bound rubber. Compos Sci Technol 86:1–8.
• Aalto-Korte K (2012) Acrylic resins. In: SM John, JD Johansen, T Rustemeyer, P Elsner, HI Maibach (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, pp 737–756.
• Janani R, Majumder D, Scrimshire A, Stone A, Wakelin E, Jones AH, Wheeler NV, Brooks W, Bingham PA (2023) From acrylates to silicones: A review of common optical fibre coatings used for normal to harsh environments. Prog Org Coat 180:107557.
• Jagtap AR, More A (2021) Developments in reactive diluents: a review. Polym Bull 79:5667–5708.
• Wu G, Zang H, Zhang H (2020) Preparation and performance of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane prepared using dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate/dipropylene glycol diacrylate monomers. J Macromol Sci Part A 57:927–934.
• Dalgakıran D, Deniz S (2023) Preparation and gas permeability properties of polyetherimide based nanocomposite membranes with fumed silica nanoparticles. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science 3(1):39–52.
• MA Bahattab, V García-Pacios, J Donate-Robles, JM Martín-Martínez (2012) Comparative Properties of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Fumed Silica Filled Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesives. J Adhes Sci Technol 26:303–315.
• Zhao J, Wu D, Han JY, Jin Z (2014) Mechanical Properties of Fumed Silica / HDPE Composites. AMM 633–634:427–430.
• Liu CC, Maciel GE (1996) The Fumed Silica Surface: A Study by NMR. J Am Chem Soc 118:5103–5119.
• Khavryutchenko AV, Khavryutchenko VD (2003) Fumed silica synthesis. Influence of hydrogen chloride on the fumed silica particle formation process. Macromol Symp, 194:253–268.
• Hassanajili S, Sajedi MT (2016) Fumed silica/polyurethane nanocomposites: effect of silica concentration and its surface modification on rheology and mechanical properties. Iran Polym J, 25:697–710.
• Marouf BT, Mai Y-W, Bagheri R, Pearson RA (2016) Toughening of epoxy nanocomposites: nano and hybrid effects. Polym Rev 56:70–112.
• Liang YL, Pearson RA (2009) Toughening mechanisms in epoxy–silica nanocomposites (ESNs). Polym, 50:4895–4905.
• PS S, Prasad V, Pahovnik D, Thomas S, Haponiuk JT, George SC (2022) Study the effect of fumed silica on the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites. J Polym Res 29.
• Arangure MI, Mora E, Macosko CW (1997) Compounding fumed silicas into polydimethylsiloxane: bound rubber and final aggregate size. J Colloid Interface Sci, 195: 329–337.

Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

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