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Okul İklimi, Akademik İyimserlik ve Okul Etkililiği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 1 – 15, 30.06.2024
Sema Kocamanoğlu Ender Kazak
Öz This study was conducted to identify the relationship between school climate, academic optimism, and school effectiveness among high school teachers. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research models, was used in the study. The research sample consists of 348 teachers working in different types of public high schools in the central district of Düzce province in the 2022-2023 academic year. “Demographic Information Form”, “School Climate Scale” adapted into Turkish by Canlı, Demirtaş, and Özer, “Academic Optimism Scale” developed by Wayne K. Hoy (2006) and adapted into Turkish by Çoban and Demirtaş (2011), and “School Effectiveness Scale” developed by Hoy (2009) were used to collect the data. It was determined that the data were normally distributed, and T-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were performed. According to the findings obtained, it has been determined that all the sub-dimensions of teachers’ perceptions about school climate are at the “mostly” level. When looking at the concept of academic optimism, which is another variable, it was found that the “self-efficacy” dimension, which is the sub-dimensions of the scale, is at the “mostly agree” level in line with teachers’ perceptions, while the “trust” and “academic emphasis” dimensions, which are the other sub-dimensions, are at the “moderate agree” level. It was determined that teachers’ perceptions while their perceptions of school effectiveness were at the “moderate” level. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that there was a positive, statistically significant, and high-level relationship between teachers’ school climate, academic optimism, and school effectiveness variables. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that both variables significantly predicted the dependent variable, school effectiveness. Suggestions were made in line with the research results. For teachers to perceive school effectiveness at a high level, administrators’ supporting teachers’ efforts and encouraging teachers to ensure the continuity of these practices by giving feedback on good ones can help the school achieve its expected goals. By taking the teachers’ opinions, studies can be carried out to overcome the deficiencies in their own branches. School administrators can make teachers feel good emotionally by sharing their successes.
Anahtar Kelimeler Teacher, School, School Climate, Academic Optimism, School Effectiveness
Kaynakça Ada, K. (2020). Ortaokullarda okul iklimi ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkide öğretmen kolektif yeterliğinin aracılık rolü (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. Ada, Ş. & Akan, D. (2010). Değişim sürecinde etkili okullar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (16), 343-373. Ak, K. (2019). Okul iklimi ile öğretmenlerin işe yabancılaşma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun. Akhan Çağırtekin, B. (2022). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel değer algıları ile örgütsel bağlılık ve okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır. Arslan, H., Satıcı, A, & Kuru, M. (2006). Devlet ve özel ilköğretim okullarının etkililiğinin araştırılması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 31(142), 15-25. Ataş Akdemir, Ö. (2016). Öğretmen algılarına göre yöneticilerin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarının okulların akademik iyimserlikleri ile örgütsel bağlılık ve okul başarısıyla ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum. Aydın, F. (2022). Öğretmen kimliğinin oluşmasında hizmet öncesi eğitim ve okul ikliminin rolü (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van. Bahçetepe, Ü. (2013). İlköğretim sekizinci sınıfların akademik başarıları ile algıladıkları okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Boz, A. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin otantik liderlik davranışları ile okulların akademik iyimserlik ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1982). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış (6. Baskı ). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (17. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları. Canlı, S., Demirtaş, H., & Özer, N. (2018). Okul iklimi ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 17(4), 1797-1811. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2019.506842 Carver, CS, Scheier, MF., ve Segerstrom, SC (2010). İyimserlik. Klinik Psikoloji İncelemesi, 30 (7), 879–889. Cerit, Y. &Yıldırım, B. (2017). İlkokul müdürlerinin etkili liderlik davranışları ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişki. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 902-914. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.312405 Coşkun Yurtyapan, E. (2022). Paylaşılan liderlik ile okul akademik iyimserlik ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Niğde. Çoban, D., & Demirtaş, H. (2011). Okulların akademik iyimserlik düzeyi ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılığı arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(3), 317-348. Çubukçu, Z., & Girmen, P. (2006). Ortaöğretim kurumlarının etkili okul özelliklerine sahip olma düzeyleri. Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(16), 121-136. Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective school for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37, 15-27. Ergen, Y. (2016). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetim becerileri, akademik iyimserlikleri ve mesleki bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişki (Malatya ili örneği) (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun. Gök, R. & Tarayan, M. (2023). İlkokul öğretmenlerinin olumlu okul iklimine ilişkin görüşleri. Asya Studies-Academic Social Studies/Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, 7(24), 43-66. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1256048 Gökler, R., & Taştan, N. (2018). Öğretmenlerin kişilik özellikleri ile okul akademik iyimserliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 333-358 Güneş, A. (2019). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları, örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki (Pendik İlçesi Örneği) (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa. Halis, M. & Uğurlu, Ö. Y. (2008). Güncel çalışmalar ışığında örgüt iklimi. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 10(2), 101-123. Hoy, W. K. (2009). School effectiveness ındex. Retrieved from http://www.waynekhoy.com /school_effectiveness_index.html. Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2012). Eğitim yönetimi: teori, araştırma ve uygulama (7. Basım), (çev. Ed. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Hoy, W. K., Tarter, C. J., & Hoy, A. W. (2006). Academic optimism of schools: A force for student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 43(3), 425–446. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121765 Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara. Kazak, E. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin öğretim liderliği davranışları ile okulda kuşaklararası iklim ve kuşaklararası öğrenme arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli. Keçeli, İ. (2022). İlkokul öğretmenlerinin okul iklimi algıları ile örgütsel mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Kılınç, A. Ç. (2013). The relationship between individual teacher academic optimism and school climate. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(3), 621-634. Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Atmaca, T. & Koşar, M. (2021). Öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesinin yordayıcıları olarak öğretmen öz yeterliği ve bireysel akademik iyimserlik: Bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 46(205), 373-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8966 Korkmaz, M., & Ada, K. (2019). Ortaokullarda okul iklimi ve okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. E. Kıral, E. Babaoğlan Çelik, & A. Çilek (Eds.), İçinde Eğitim Araştırmaları-2019 (ss. 38-54). Eyuder. Korkmaz, İ. (2020). Nicel araştırmalarda evren, örneklem, örnekleme teknikleri. (Editörler: Behçet Oral, Ahmet Çoban), Kuramdan uygulamaya eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (1. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları. Kurt, Ş. (2018). Öğretmenlerin politik yetileri ile akademik iyimserlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Uşak Üniversitesi, Uşak. Kurum, M. (2022). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin akademik iyimserlikleri ile mesleki öz yeterlik algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Ankara ili örneği (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Zonguldak. Küçük, Ö. (2020). Okul müdürlerinin toksik liderlik davranışları ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel sinizm ve psikolojik sermayenin aracılık etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi, Elâzığ. Namlı, A. (2017). Lise müdürlerinin destekleyici liderlik davranışlarının ve kolektif güvenin okul etkililiği üzerindeki etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi, Elâzığ. Ördek İnceoğlu, S. (2020). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların erken akademik ve sosyal becerileri ile okul iklimi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana. Pınar, E. (2023). Öğretmenlerin yönetici ruhsal liderlik ve okul iklimi algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Reeves, J. B. (2010). Academic optimism and organizational climate: an elementary school effectiveness test of two measures. Doctoral dissertation. The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa. Şenel, T., & Buluç, B. (2016). İlkokullarda okul iklimi ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişki. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 9(4), 1-12. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.), Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Özgenel, M. (2020). Örgüt ve okul iklimi, M. Özgenel (Ed.), Ankara: Nobel. Ratnawati, V., Utomo, H. B., Ningsih, R., & Setyaputri, N. Y. (2022). The role of democratic parenting, school climate, and internal locus of control as predictors of academic optimism. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(3), 1210-1217. Senemoğlu, N. (2005). Gelişim öğrenme ve öğretim (12. Baskı). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi. Seyhan, Ö., Soylu, A., Ercan, M. & Uçaktürk, İ. H. (2023). Okullarda ve öğretmenlerde akademik iyimserlik inancına yönelik kavramsal bir çerçeve. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 9(109), 5968-5976. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/sssj.6 7234 Smith, P. A. & Hoy, W. K. (2007). Academic optimism and student achievement in urban elementary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(5), 556-568. Doi: 10.1108/09578230710778196 Tepe, N. (2018) Kolaylaştırıcı okul yapısı, akademik iyimserlik ve okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357–385. Doi: 10.3102/0034654313483907 Usta, M. E. & Kahraman, S. (2021). Okullarda görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel iklim ve örgütsel öğrenme algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43, 95-119. https://doi.org/10.33418/ataunikkefd.863250 Uysal, E. (2021). Öğretmenlerin akademik iyimserlik yaklaşım düzeyleri ile öğrenme okulu algıları arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli Uzun, T. (2023). Öğretmenlerin algıladıkları örgütsel destek düzeyi ile akademik iyimserlik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum. Vaux, N. D. (2015). Academic optimism and organizational climate as predictors of academic achievement and school effectiveness. Doctoral thesis. The University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Yıldırım, S. (2017). Liselerde öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin güvenli okul iklimi algıları ile öğrencilerin akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. Yılmaz, E. & Kurşun, A. (2015). Okul kültürü ile akademik iyimserlik arasındaki ilişki. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(35), 46-69. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.53902 Yılmaz, K. & Sarpkaya, R. (2021). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel farkındalık ve örgütsel güven algıları ile okulların örgütsel etkililik düzeyleri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 60-73. Yumuşak, H. & Korkmaz, M. (2021). Okul etkililiği konulu tez ve makalelerin incelenmesi: Bir içerik analizi çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(3), 1771-1800. Yükçü, S., & Atağan, G. (2009). Etkinlik, etkililik ve verimlilik kavramlarının yarattığı karışıklık. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(4), 1-13. Yüner, B. (2018). Okul yönetimi ile okul iklimi arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. Yüner, B., ve Özdemir, M. (2020). Okul yenilikçiliği ile öğretmen yaratıcılığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 50, 162-179. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.538207 Yürek, U. & Cömert, M. (2021). Okul yöneticilerinin değişimi yönetme yeterlikleri ile algılanan okul etkililiği ne düzeydedir?. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(4), 1762-1781. https://doi.org/10.53487/ataunisosbil.892369 Zorbaz O., Demirtaş-Zorbaz, S. & Ulaş-Kılıç Ö. (2020). Ergenlerin sorunlu internet kullanımı: günlük zorlukların ve sosyal izolasyonun rolü. Addicta: Türkiye Bağımlılık Dergisi, 7(1), 41-47.
Okul İklimi, Akademik İyimserlik ve Okul Etkililiği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 1 – 15, 30.06.2024
Sema Kocamanoğlu Ender Kazak
Öz Bu araştırma; lise kademesinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin okul iklimi, akademik iyimserlik ve okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma modellerinden biri olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılı Düzce ili Merkez ilçesindeki kamuya ait farklı lise türlerinde çalışan 348 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında “Demografik Bilgiler Formu”, Canlı, Demirtaş ve Özer tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Okul İklimi Ölçeği’’, Wayne K. Hoy (2006) tarafından geliştirilen, Çoban ve Demirtaş (2011) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Akademik İyimserlik Ölçeği” ve Hoy (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Okul Etkililiği Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğine ilişkin değişkenlerin her birinin normallik sınaması yapılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiş olup, T- Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmenlerin okul iklimine yönelik algılarının tüm alt boyutlarının “çoğunlukla” düzeyinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bir diğer değişken olan akademik iyimserlik kavramına bakıldığında öğretmenlerin algıları doğrultusunda ölçeğin alt boyutları olan “öz yeterlik” boyutunun “çoğunlukla katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu, diğer alt boyutlar olan “güven” ve “akademik vurgu” boyutlarının ise “orta düzeyde katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin okul etkililiğine ilişkin algılarının ise “orta” düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucu öğretmenlerin okul iklimi, akademik iyimserlik ve okul etkililiği değişkenleri arasında pozitif yönlü, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre her iki değişkenin de bağımlı değişken olan okul etkililiğini anlamlı bir biçimde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte okul ikliminin akademik iyimserlik değişkenine göre okul etkililiği üzerinde daha fazla etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Öğretmenlerin okul etkililiğini yüksek düzeyde algılamaları için okullarda yöneticilerin öğretmenlerin çabalarını desteklemesi, yapılan iyi uygulamalarla ilgili geribildirimde bulunarak öğretmenlerin bu uygulamaların devamlılığını sağlamaya yönelik teşvik edilmesi okulun beklenen hedeflerine ulaşmasını sağlayabilir. Öğretmenlerin görüşleri alınarak kendi braşlarına yönelik eksikliklerin giderilmesiyle ilgili çalışmalar yapılabilir. Okul yöneticileri okuldaki öğretmenlerin başarılarını paylaşarak duygusal yönden kendilerini iyi hissetmelerini sağlayabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Öğretmen, Okul, Okul İklimi, Akademik İyimserlik, Okul Etkililiği
Kaynakça Ada, K. (2020). Ortaokullarda okul iklimi ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkide öğretmen kolektif yeterliğinin aracılık rolü (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. Ada, Ş. & Akan, D. (2010). Değişim sürecinde etkili okullar. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (16), 343-373. Ak, K. (2019). Okul iklimi ile öğretmenlerin işe yabancılaşma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun. Akhan Çağırtekin, B. (2022). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel değer algıları ile örgütsel bağlılık ve okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır. Arslan, H., Satıcı, A, & Kuru, M. (2006). Devlet ve özel ilköğretim okullarının etkililiğinin araştırılması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 31(142), 15-25. Ataş Akdemir, Ö. (2016). Öğretmen algılarına göre yöneticilerin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarının okulların akademik iyimserlikleri ile örgütsel bağlılık ve okul başarısıyla ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum. Aydın, F. (2022). Öğretmen kimliğinin oluşmasında hizmet öncesi eğitim ve okul ikliminin rolü (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van. Bahçetepe, Ü. (2013). İlköğretim sekizinci sınıfların akademik başarıları ile algıladıkları okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Boz, A. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin otantik liderlik davranışları ile okulların akademik iyimserlik ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1982). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış (6. Baskı ). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (17. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları. Canlı, S., Demirtaş, H., & Özer, N. (2018). Okul iklimi ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 17(4), 1797-1811. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2019.506842 Carver, CS, Scheier, MF., ve Segerstrom, SC (2010). İyimserlik. Klinik Psikoloji İncelemesi, 30 (7), 879–889. Cerit, Y. &Yıldırım, B. (2017). İlkokul müdürlerinin etkili liderlik davranışları ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişki. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 902-914. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.312405 Coşkun Yurtyapan, E. (2022). Paylaşılan liderlik ile okul akademik iyimserlik ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Niğde. Çoban, D., & Demirtaş, H. (2011). Okulların akademik iyimserlik düzeyi ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılığı arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(3), 317-348. Çubukçu, Z., & Girmen, P. (2006). Ortaöğretim kurumlarının etkili okul özelliklerine sahip olma düzeyleri. Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(16), 121-136. Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective school for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37, 15-27. Ergen, Y. (2016). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetim becerileri, akademik iyimserlikleri ve mesleki bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişki (Malatya ili örneği) (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun. Gök, R. & Tarayan, M. (2023). İlkokul öğretmenlerinin olumlu okul iklimine ilişkin görüşleri. Asya Studies-Academic Social Studies/Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, 7(24), 43-66. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1256048 Gökler, R., & Taştan, N. (2018). Öğretmenlerin kişilik özellikleri ile okul akademik iyimserliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 333-358 Güneş, A. (2019). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları, örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki (Pendik İlçesi Örneği) (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa. Halis, M. & Uğurlu, Ö. Y. (2008). Güncel çalışmalar ışığında örgüt iklimi. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 10(2), 101-123. Hoy, W. K. (2009). School effectiveness ındex. Retrieved from http://www.waynekhoy.com /school_effectiveness_index.html. Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2012). Eğitim yönetimi: teori, araştırma ve uygulama (7. Basım), (çev. Ed. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Hoy, W. K., Tarter, C. J., & Hoy, A. W. (2006). Academic optimism of schools: A force for student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 43(3), 425–446. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121765 Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara. Kazak, E. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin öğretim liderliği davranışları ile okulda kuşaklararası iklim ve kuşaklararası öğrenme arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli. Keçeli, İ. (2022). İlkokul öğretmenlerinin okul iklimi algıları ile örgütsel mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Kılınç, A. Ç. (2013). The relationship between individual teacher academic optimism and school climate. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(3), 621-634. Kılınç, A. Ç., Polatcan, M., Atmaca, T. & Koşar, M. (2021). Öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesinin yordayıcıları olarak öğretmen öz yeterliği ve bireysel akademik iyimserlik: Bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 46(205), 373-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8966 Korkmaz, M., & Ada, K. (2019). Ortaokullarda okul iklimi ve okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. E. Kıral, E. Babaoğlan Çelik, & A. 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(2020). Örgüt ve okul iklimi, M. Özgenel (Ed.), Ankara: Nobel. Ratnawati, V., Utomo, H. B., Ningsih, R., & Setyaputri, N. Y. (2022). The role of democratic parenting, school climate, and internal locus of control as predictors of academic optimism. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(3), 1210-1217. Senemoğlu, N. (2005). Gelişim öğrenme ve öğretim (12. Baskı). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi. Seyhan, Ö., Soylu, A., Ercan, M. & Uçaktürk, İ. H. (2023). Okullarda ve öğretmenlerde akademik iyimserlik inancına yönelik kavramsal bir çerçeve. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 9(109), 5968-5976. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/sssj.6 7234 Smith, P. A. & Hoy, W. K. (2007). Academic optimism and student achievement in urban elementary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(5), 556-568. Doi: 10.1108/09578230710778196 Tepe, N. 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Ergenlerin sorunlu internet kullanımı: günlük zorlukların ve sosyal izolasyonun rolü. Addicta: Türkiye Bağımlılık Dergisi, 7(1), 41-47. Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Eğitim Yönetimi Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Sema Kocamanoğlu MİLLİ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI 0000-0002-2555-6510 Türkiye
Ender Kazak DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0001-5761-6330 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Kocamanoğlu, S., & Kazak, E. (2024). Okul İklimi, Akademik İyimserlik ve Okul Etkililiği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Anadolu Eğitim Liderliği Ve Öğretim Dergisi, 12(1), 1-15.
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