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OSMANZÂDE AHMED TÂİB Skip to content (ö. 1136/1724)
Osmanlı şairi, biyografi yazarı.
Muhtemelen 1070 (1659-60) yılında İstanbul’da doğdu. Babası maliye tezkireciliği ve Süleymaniye Vakfı rûznâmçeciliği görevlerinde bulunan Osman Efendi’dir. Düzenli bir medrese eğitimi gördükten sonra 1089’da (1678) Şeyhülislâm Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’den mülâzım oldu. Bazı küçük medreselerde çalıştı. 5 Rebîülevvel 1099’da (9 Ocak 1688) babasının İstanbul’da Kumkapı’da Karamânî Mehmed Paşa Camii bitişiğinde Cedîde-i Osman Efendi adıyla yaptırdığı veya yenilediği medresenin ilk müderrisliğine tayin edildi. Yedi yıl kadar devam eden bu görevinin ardından 1106 Rebîülevvelinde (Kasım 1694) hareket-i hâric derecesiyle Fazliyye (Fazîle, Fuzayliyye, Feyziyye) Medresesi’ne geçti. Ertesi yıl Şam valiliğine gönderilen Kemankeş Aşçı Mehmed Paşa’nın maiyetinde onun kethüdâsı sıfatıyla Şam’a gidince adı müderrisler defterinden silindi. 1109’da (1097-98), Amcazâde Hüseyin Paşa’nın eniştesi Hacı Kethüdâ aracılığı ile inşasını vaad ettiği medrese hareket-i dâhil rütbesiyle kendisine tevcih edildiyse de bu sözünü tutmaması ve bazı düşmanlarının aleyhinde bulunmasıyla Şeyhülislâm Seyyid Feyzullah Efendi’nin gözünden düştü ve ismi ikinci defa müderrisler listesinden çıkarıldı (Çelebizâde Âsım, s. 171). Ancak 1115’te (1703) Horhor civarında Feyziyye-i Cedîde adıyla bir medrese inşa ettirdi ve önce hareket-i dâhil, ardından mûsıle-i Sahn derecesiyle buraya müderris oldu. Bu sırada rütbesi tenzil edildiyse de 12 Safer 1118’de (26 Mayıs 1706) Mustafa Ağa Medresesi’ne ve 15 Safer 1120’de (6 Mayıs 1708) Koca Mustafa Paşa Medresesi’ne tayin edildi. 1120’de (1708) Sahn-ı Semân medreselerinden birine geçti. Altı ay kadar sonra ibtidâ-i altmışlı rütbesiyle Edirnekapı’daki Mihrimah Sultan Medresesi’ne nakledildi. İki yıl sonra Murad Paşa-yı Atîk ve 9 Şevval 1124’te (9 Kasım 1712) mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye derecesiyle Kasım Paşa Medresesi müderrisliğine getirildi. 1 Ramazan 1128’de (19 Ağustos 1716) aynı derece ile Ayasofya-i Kebîr Medresesi müderrisliğine tayin edildi.
Onun bu hızlı yükselmelerinde, 1122’de (1710) III. Ahmed’in hastalığı münasebetiyle kaleme aldığı Sıhhatâbâd adlı kırk hadis şerhiyle ertesi yıl kazanılan Prut zaferi dolayısıyla bu padişaha sunduğu kasidenin önemli rolü olmuştur. Meşâriku’l-envâr adlı tercümesini de aynı yıllarda III. Ahmed’in emriyle yapan Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib, birkaç yıl sonra Mora’yı geri alan Damad (Şehid) Ali Paşa için yazdığı ünlü kaside vesilesiyle 200 altınla ödüllendirildi ve bu sadrazamın himayesine girdi. Münşeât’ındaki bazı yazılarından, savaşın sebepleri ve seyri hakkında verdiği bilgilerden onun bu serdarın maiyetinde Mora seferine katıldığı, hatta İstendil, Ayamavra, Egine gibi ada ve kalelerin tahririnde görev aldığı kanaati doğmaktadır. 1127’deki (1715) yangında evi yanınca başta padişah olmak üzere bazı devlet büyüklerinin yardımını gören Ahmed Tâib, Şehid Ali Paşa’ya sunduğu arîzasında otuz yıl kadar tedris hayatına karşılık henüz “pâye-i maksûd”a ulaşamadığını, evinin de yanmasıyla perişan olduğunu ifade edip Süleymaniye müderrisliğine talip olunca isteği yerine getirildi ve mevleviyetle kadılık mesleğine terfi ettirildi (Köprülü, TM, II [1928], s. 429-430). 16 Cemâziyelâhir 1129’da (28 Mayıs 1717) Halep kadılığına yükseltilen Ahmed Tâib bir yıl kadar sonra azledilince İstanbul’a döndü. Münşeât’ındaki bir arîzasından, kısa sürede azlinde Halep’te bulunan bir kiliseyi camiye çevirtmekle itham edilmesinin ve oradaki Fransız konsolosunun hükümet nezdindeki faaliyetlerinin rolü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. İstanbul’a dönünce Kadıköy’ün Fenerbahçe semtinde bir köşk yaptırdı, ayrıca Nevşehirli Damad İbrâhim Paşa sayesinde Vâlide Sultan evkafından Demirkapı Çiftliği’ni elde edip onarttı. Evi şair, âlim ve mûsikişinasların toplantı yeri oldu. Vezîriâzam İbrâhim Paşa ve III. Ahmed’in takdirini kazanan Ahmed Tâib “reîs-i şâirân” olarak anılmış ve, “Benim şimden gerü mahkûm-ı fermân-ı mutâımdır / Gerek erbâb-ı tedrîsî gerek küttâb-ı dîvânî” beytiyle başlayan ünlü kasidesiyle âdeta bu alandaki ehliyetini ilân etmiştir. 27 Rebîülevvel 1135’te (5 Ocak 1723) Mısır kadılığına tayin edilen Osmanzâde’nin bu göreve ve daha önce de Halep kadılığına getirilişi, Şem‘dânîzâde Süleyman Efendi tarafından, “… onun gibi mudhik âdeme taklîd-i kazâ sahih olur mu bilmem? Ancak himmet-i vezîr ile oldu” sözleriyle eleştirilir ve bu tayinin arkasında sadrazamın bulunduğuna işaret edilir (Müri’t-tevârîh, vr. 336b ).
Mısır’daki hayatı hakkında fazla bilgi yoktur. Buradan Halep nakibine, müftüsüne ve mahkemesinde daha önce birlikte çalıştığı Gürânîzâde’ye yazdığı mektuplarda Mısır mahkemesi hakkında bilgiler vermekte ve maiyetindeki kâtiplerin yetersizliğinden şikâyet etmektedir (Sâlih Sa‘dâvî, s. 90-91). Ahmed Efendi, bu görevden azlinden kısa süre sonra zamanın Mısır valisinin Kayserili olduğunu öğrenince, “Âyâ emîr midir, acaba Ermenî midir?” şeklindeki latifesi yüzünden 2 Ramazan 1136’da (25 Mayıs 1724) onun tarafından zehirletilerek öldürüldü (Ahmed Hasîb Efendi, s. 9; Çelebizâde Âsım, s. 170; Râmiz ve Âdâb-ı Zurafâ’sı, s. 51) ve Kahire’deki Hazra-i Haseneyn Türbesi’ne defnedildi (Esad Mehmed Efendi, s. 119). Ahmed Tâib, Nef‘î’den sonra hicvi yüzünden katledilen ikinci şair olmuş, ölümüne dönemin şairleri tarafından tarihler düşürülmüştür. Kalemi düşmanları için zehirli bir yılan, dostları için tatlı dilli papağan sayılan, nükteleri, hoş sohbeti ve hazırcevaplığı ile bilinen Osmanzâde’nin kullandığı “su gibi ezberleme”, “bir içim su” vb. ifadeler hâlâ kullanılmaktadır. 1115 (1703) Edirne Vak‘ası’yla ilgili manzumelerinde olaya karışan devrin ileri gelenleri, hadisenin ortaya çıkışı, seyri ve halkın tutumu üzerinde durmuştur. İstanbul’da kahvenin kıtlaşması ve aşırı pahalanması üzerine söylediği, “Olalı kahve-i Rûmî nümâyan / Nohûdî-meşreb oldu cümle yâran” beyti de meşhurdur. İhtişamı, iyi yaşamayı seven ve önceleri Hamdî mahlasını kullanan Ahmed Efendi, yaptıklarına tövbe ederek “Tâib” mahlasını almışsa da yine hiciv tarafı ağır basmış ve hayatı boyunca Nâbî, Mustafa Sâkıb Dede gibi önemli kişileri yermekten vazgeçmemiştir. “Melikü’ş-şuarâ” unvanını aldıktan sonra yazdığı ünlü kasidesinde zamanının şairlerini birer nükte ile hicvedip sözü vekili olarak nitelediği Seyyid Vehbî’ye bırakmış, o da bu isteği yerine getirmiş ve sözü Nedîm’e vermiştir. Bu manzumelerin saray düğünleri, imar ve inşa hareketleri, İstanbul yangınları, hayat pahalılığı ve kıtlık gibi dönemin sosyal tarihiyle ilgili önemli kaynaklar olduğu görülmektedir. Arapça ve Farsça’ya da vâkıf olan Ahmed Tâib Efendi sadece şair değil aynı zamanda güçlü bir münşî idi (Sicill-i Osmânî, I, 242-243).
Eserleri. 1. Sıhhatâbâd. Kırk hadis şerhi olup III. Ahmed’in hastalanması münasebetiyle 1120 (1708) yılında sade bir üslûpla kaleme alınmıştır. Önce nesirle açıklanan hadisler daha sonra birer kıta ile nazma çevrilmiştir. Türünün başarılı örneklerinden sayılan eserin birçok nüshası mevcuttur (İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 3904). 2. Ahmedü’l-âsâr fî tercemeti Meşârikı’l-envâr. Radıyyüddin es-Sâgānî’nin Meşâriḳu’l-envâri’n-nebeviyye adlı 2246 hadisten oluşan eserinin tercümesidir. III. Ahmed’in emriyle yapılan bu çalışma 1122 (1710) yılında tamamlanmıştır. Dili nisbeten sade olan eserin iki yazması İstanbul Üniversitesi (TY, nr. 1568) ve Süleymaniye (Âşir Efendi, nr. 421/1) kütüphanelerinde kayıtlıdır. 3. Divan. Muahhar kaynaklarda bahsedilen mürettep divanın nüshasına henüz rastlanmamıştır. Ali Cânip Yöntem, Ali Kemal Bey’in kütüphanesindeki yazmanın bir kitapçının eline geçtiğini, fakat âkıbetinin ne olduğunun bilinmediğini söyler (TM, II, 121). Theodor Menzel kaynak göstermeden divanda on iki kaside, otuz iki tarih, yetmiş yedi gazel ve başka şiirler bulunduğunu kaydeder (EI2 [Fr.], VIII, 191). Müjgân Cunbur ve ekibi tarafından Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi’nde mevcut yazmaların katalog çalışmaları sırasında burada bir divanın bulunduğu tesbit edilmiş (nr. A 378) ve eser Ahmet Sevgi tarafından bilim dünyasına duyurulmuştur (Türk Edebiyatı, sy. 369 [2004], s. 4-5). Kırk üç varaktan oluşan 1497 beyitlik bu yazmada kırk üç beyitlik bir mi‘râciyye, elli dokuz beyitlik temmûziyye kasideleri, terkibibendler, elli iki beyitlik hazâniyye kasidesi, tarihler, kıta ve rubâîler bulunmaktadır. Ahmet Sevgi divanda hiç hiciv bulunmamasından hareketle onun çok önceden tertip edilmiş olabileceğini söyler. Şairin çağdaşlarının divanından söz etmemeleri ilginçtir. Bazı şiir mecmualarında başta kaside ve gazel olmak üzere birçok şiiri günümüze ulaşmıştır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’nde bir divan parçası vardır (TY, nr. 3904, vr. 56b -90a ). Aynı kütüphanenin İbnülemin bölümündeki bir mecmuada Ahmed Tâib’in kendi hattıyla yazılmış gazeller mevcuttur (nr. 3432, vr. 24b -28a ). Millet Kütüphanesi’ndeki (nr. 659) divan parçasında ise elli kadar gazeli yer almaktadır. Bunlar önemli ölçüde Salih Sa‘dâvî tarafından yapılan doktora tezinde bir araya getirilmiştir (İstanbul 1987). Mustafa Yatman, şairin dağınık halde bulunan şiirlerini toplamış ve Osmanzâde Tâib Divânı’ndan Seçmeler adıyla yayımlamıştır (Ankara 1989). 4. Münşeât (Mektûbât ve Muharrerât-ı Nâdire, Tuhfe). Ahmed Tâib’in aralarında arîza, takrir, nevâzişnâme, teşekkürnâme, tesliyetnâme ve niyaznâmelerin de bulunduğu elli civarında mektubundan oluşmaktadır. Çoğunun muhatabı belli olmayan bu mektupların Sadrazam Damad İbrâhim Paşa, Kudüs Valisi Osman Paşa, reîsülküttâb efendi, sadâret kethüdâsı, Cidde Valisi Osman Paşa, Râşid Efendi (vak‘anüvis), Halep nâibi, Halep müftüsü, Gürânîzâde gibi devlet büyüklerine ve dostlarına gönderildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Devrinin süslü ve sağlam nesrinin örnekleri sayılabilecek olan bu mektuplardan Ahmed Tâib’in muhataplarından bir şeyler beklediği sezilmekte, böylece devrin önemli şahsiyetlerinin ruh yapıları hakkında bilgi edinilmektedir. 1124’te (1712) toplanmış ve devrin hazinedar ağasına sunulmuş olan eserin İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’nde iki nüshası vardır (TY, nr. 3904, vr. 17b -55a ; nr. 9812). 5. Ahlâk-ı Ahmedî. Hüseyin Vâiz-i Kâşifî’nin Aḫlâḳ-ı Muḥsinî adlı eserinin tercümesi olup Osmanzâde bu eseri evinde uzlete çekildiği bir sırada kaleme almış ve III. Ahmed’e sunmuştur. İbadet, ihlâs, dua, şükür, sabır, tevekkül, hayâ ve iffete dair bu çeviri bazı kısımları çıkarılarak basılmıştır (İstanbul 1256). 6. Hulâsatü’l-ahlâk. Kınalızâde Ali’nin Ahlâk-ı Alâî’sinin özeti olan eser oldukça sağlam bir üslûpla yazılmıştır. Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’nın teşvikiyle ortaya çıkan eserin günümüze birçok yazması ulaşmıştır (İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 1697; Süleymaniye Ktp., Hamidiye, nr. 647; Nuruosmaniye Ktp., nr. 2376). 7. Telhîs-i Mehâsinü’l-edeb. Âlî Mustafa Efendi’nin Câhiz’in Minhâcü’s-sülûk’ünden tercüme ettiği Mehâsinü’l-âdâb’ının özetidir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Esad Efendi, nr. 1895). Risâlede padişahlar için gerekli olan davranışlar, şehzadeler ve vezirlere karşı muameleler, sır saklamaya dair hikmetler, giyim kuşamla saray hizmetçilerine dair öğütler yer alır. 1130 (1718) yılında hazırlanan ve Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’ya sunulan eserin Süleymaniye (Hüsrev Paşa, nr. 933) ve İstanbul Üniversitesi (TY, nr. 6965) kütüphanelerinde yazmaları mevcuttur. 8. Telhîsü’n-nesâyih (Telhîsü’l-hikem). Mes̱nevî şârihi Sarı Abdullah Efendi’nin Nasîhatü’l-mülûk’ünün manzum ve mensur özet tercümesi olup 1131’de (1719) tamamlanmış ve III. Ahmed’e sunulmuştur (İstanbul 1283). 9. Simârü’l-esmâr (Zübdetü’l-esmâr [ezhâr?] fi’l-hikâyât, Zübdetü’n-nesâyih) Alâeddin Ali Çelebi’nin Hümâyunnâme adıyla yaptığı Kelîle ve Dimne tercümesinin özeti niteliğindedir (Hüseyin Ayvansarâyî, s. 101). 1117’de (1705) tamamlanıp III. Ahmed’e takdim edilmiştir (İstanbul 1251). 10. Hadîkatü’l-mülûk (İcmâl-i Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman, Hulâsatü’t-tevârîh). Osman Gazi’den II. Mustafa’ya kadar gelen Osmanlı padişahlarının hayatıyla hayratlarına dairdir. Nevşehirli Damad İbrâhim Paşa’ya sunulan eserin günümüze çok sayıda nüshası intikal etmiştir (bir kısmı için bk. TCYK, s. 633-636; Levend, I, 365). Bir tertibi IV. Mehmed’e, diğeri III. Ahmed’e kadar gelen ve Tuhfetü’l-mülûk adıyla da anılan eser Mustafa Hâşim’in buna zeyli olan Nuhbetü’l-mülûk’ü ile birlikte basılmıştır (İstanbul 1299). Tuhfetü’l-mülûk, Hadîkatü’l-mülûk’e göre daha muhtasardır. Hadîkatü’l-mülûk’ün Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi’ndeki nüshası (Hazine, nr. 1471) üzerinde Oktay Çanaklı tarafından yüksek lisans tezi yapılmıştır (1997, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). Hadîkatü’l-mülûk’ün bir başka versiyonu olan İcmâl-i Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman’da I. Mahmud, III. Mustafa ve I. Abdülhamid’den de söz edilmektedir. Şehrîzâde Mehmed Said tarafından yapılan kısa zeylinde sadece III. Ahmed’den bahsedilmiştir. 11. Hadîkatü’l-vüzerâ*. Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib’in en tanınmış eseri olup Osmanlı sadrazamlarının biyografileri ilk defa bu kitapta müstakil olarak ele alınmıştır (İstanbul 1271; Freiburg 1969).
Kendisine Menâkıb-ı İmâm-ı Âzam / Tuhfe-i Nu‘mân (Çelebizâde Âsım, s. 172) adlı bir eser izâfe edilen Ahmed Tâib, Kurâzatü’z-zeheb fî ilmi’n-nahv ve’l-edeb’in de müellifi gösterilmiş (Hediyyetü’l-ʿârifîn, I, 171), hatta eser bu adla Lübnan’da yayımlanmıştır (Beyrut 1998). Ancak Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’ndeki nüshalarda (Lâleli, nr. 3205, 3474) müellifin “Ahmed el-müştehir en-Niyâbe” şeklinde gösterilmesinden eserin Ahmed Nâib’e ait olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Osmanzâde’ye ayrıca Münâzaratü’d-devleteyn, Suâl ve Cevâb adlı bir eser izâfe edilmektedir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib, Hadîkatü’l-vüzerâ, İstanbul 1271, s. 3-4, 130-132; a.e., Süleymaniye Ktp., Hamidiye, nr. 936/7, vr. 1b ; Safâyî, Tezkire, Süleymaniye Ktp., Esad Efendi, nr. 2549, vr. 49a vd.; Şeyhî, Vekāyiu’l-fuzalâ, IV, 562-564; Râşid, Târih, V, 207-208; Sâlim, Tezkire, İstanbul 1315, s. 178-181; Ahmed Hasîb Efendi, Ravzatü’l-küberâ (nşr. Mesut Aydıner), Ankara 2003, s. 2, 9, 15-17, 21; Çelebizâde Âsım, Târih, İstanbul 1282, s. 170-172; Şem‘dânîzâde, Müri’t-tevârîh, Beyazıt Devlet Ktp., nr. 5144, vr. 336b ; Râmiz ve Âdâb-ı Zurafâ’sı: İnceleme-Tenkidli Metin-İndeks-Sözlük (haz. Sadık Erdem), Ankara 1994, s. 50-52, 203, 220, 232; Müstakimzâde, Mecelletü’n-nisâb, Süleymaniye Ktp., Hâlet Efendi, nr. 628, vr. 156b ; Hüseyin Ayvansarâyî, Mecmûa-i Tevârih (haz. Fahri Ç. Derin – Vahid Çabuk), İstanbul 1985, s. 68, 70, 101, 127, 131, 165; Esad Mehmed Efendi ve Bağçe-i Safâ-endûz’u (haz. Rıza Oğraş), Burdur 2001, s. 118-133; Fatîn, Tezkire, s. 32; Mehmed Tevfik [Mesnevihan], Mecmûatü’t-terâcim, İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 192, vr. 80a ; Hammer, GOR, IX, 238; a.mlf., GOD, IV, 120-131; Muallim Nâci, Esâmî, İstanbul 1308, s. 92; Gibb, HOP, IV, 103; Sicill-i Osmânî, I, 242-243; Osmanlı Müellifleri, II, 116-117; Mehmed Fuad Köprülü, Eski Şairlerimiz: Divan Edebiyatı Antolojisi , İstanbul 1931, s. 453; a.mlf., “Osmanzâde Tâib’e Dâir”, TM, II (1928), s. 427-430; TCYK, s. 633-643; Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi, IV/2, s. 269, 305, 606-609; Hediyyetü’l-ʿârifîn, I, 171; Abdülkadir Karahan, İslâm-Türk Edebiyatında Kırk Hadis, İstanbul 1954, s. 327 vd.; a.mlf., “Osman-zâde Tâib”, İA, IX, 453-456; Levend, Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi , I, 364-365; Faruk K. Timurtaş, Tarih İçinde Türk Edebiyatı, İstanbul 1981, s. 245-246; Babinger (Üçok), s. 279-281; Nihad Sâmi Banarlı, Resimli Türk Edebiyâtı Târihi, İstanbul 1983, II, 749-750; Sâlih Sa‘dâvî, Osmanzâde Tâib Ahmed, Hayatı, Eserleri ve Edebî Kişiliği (doktora tezi, 1987), İÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, s. 90-91; Mustafa Yatman, Osman-zâde Tâib Dîvânı’ndan Seçmeler, Ankara 1989; Müjgân Cunbur v.dğr., Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi Yazma Eserler Katalogu, Ankara 1999, s. 298-299; Mübahat S. Kütükoğlu, XX. Asra Erişen Osmanlı Medreseleri, Ankara 2000, s. 112; Ali Cânib, “Reîs-i Şâirân Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib Efendi”, TM, II (1928), s. 103-129; Oktay Çanaklı, “Osmanzâde Ahmed Tâib Efendi”, TDA, sy. 123 (1999), s. 229-234; Ahmet Sevgi, “Reîs-i Şâirân Osman-zâde Tâib Divânı Üzerine”, Türk Edebiyatı, sy. 369, İstanbul 2004, s. 4-5; İsmail Ünver, “Tâib, Osmanzâde Ahmed”, TA, XXX, 354-355; Th. Menzel, “Ot̲h̲mān-zāde Aḥmed Tāʾib”, EI2 (Fr.), VIII, 191-192.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2007 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 34. cildinde, 2-4 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.