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SALTUKLULAR Skip to content Merkezi Erzurum olmak üzere Doğu Anadolu’da hüküm süren Türk-İslâm hânedanı (1071-1202).
Müellif: Abdülkerim Özaydın
Anadolu’da kurulan ilk Türk beyliklerinden biri olup hânedanın kurucusu Ebü’l-Kāsım İzzeddin Saltuk Bey’in Malazgirt zaferinden önceki hayatı hakkında bilgi yoktur. Anadolu’nun fethinde büyük hizmetlerde bulunduğu için Kars, Pasinler, Oltu, Erzurum, Tortum, Tercan, İspir, Bayburt, Şebinkarahisar ve yöreleri veraset yoluyla çocuklarına intikal etmek üzere kendisine iktâ edilmiştir (464/1071). Beyliğin 472’de (1080) kurulduğu da ileri sürülür (İA, IV, 349). Erzurum ve çevresinin Emîr Saltuk Bey’e iktâ edilmesi onun diğer beylerden daha önemli konumda olduğunu göstermektedir.
Emîr Saltuk Bey’in ölümüyle yerine oğlu Ali geçti. İbnü’l-Esîr, 496 (1102-1103) yılı olaylarını anlatırken Ali’nin söz konusu tarihte beyliğin başında bulunduğunu söylediğine göre Saltuk Bey bu tarihten önce vefat etmiş olmalıdır. Büyük Selçuklu Sultanı Berkyaruk ile kardeşi Gence Meliki Muhammed Tapar arasında 8 Cemâziyelâhir 496 (19 Mart 1103) tarihinde Hoy kapısında cereyan eden ve Muhammed Tapar’ın yenilgisiyle sonuçlanan savaşın ardından Muhammed Tapar Erciş’e, oradan da Sökmen el-Kutbî’nin hâkimiyetindeki Ahlat’a çekildiğinde yanında Sökmen el-Kutbî, Muhammed b. Yağısıyan ve Kızılarslan gibi emîrler vardı. Erzenürrûm Emîri Ali b. Saltuk da bu sırada Ahlat’ta Muhammed Tapar’a katıldı. Berkyaruk ile Muhammed Tapar arasında 497’de (1104) yapılan anlaşmanın ardından Muhammed Tapar Meyyâfârikīn’a giderken ona refakat eden emîrler içinde Ali b. Saltuk da bulunuyordu.
Gürcü Kralı II. David’in 1115’te Rostof’u aldıktan sonra ertesi yıl Emîr Ali’nin hâkimiyetindeki topraklara girip Pasinler’e kadar gelmesi ve 1118’de Azerbaycan taraflarına hücuma geçmesi üzerine Artukoğlu Necmeddin İlgazi, Gürcüler’le cihada memur edildi. 515 (1121) yılında Erzen Beyi Togan Arslan ile Erzurum’a geldi, Emîr Ali de burada onlara katıldı; bunlar birlikte Tiflis’e hareket ettiler. Ancak Kral David onları mağlûp ederek Tiflis’i ele geçirdi. Bu arada Şeddâdîler’den Menûçihr’in oğlu Ebü’l-Esvâr II. Şâvur, Ani’yi Gürcüler’e karşı müdafaa edemeyeceğini anlayınca şehri 60.000 dinar karşılığında Emîr Ali’ye sattı. Fakat şehirdeki hıristiyan halk daha önce davranıp Kral David’e haber gönderdi ve şehri ona teslim etti. Böylece Sultan Alparslan’ın 1064’te aldığı Ani hıristiyanların eline geçmiş oldu (517/1123). Ani’deki cami kiliseye çevrildi, daha önce Ahlat’tan getirilerek kubbeye konulmuş olan hilâlin yerine haç dikildi.
Saltuklu hânedanı 516 (1122) yılından itibaren Saltukoğulları (Benî Saltuk) adıyla tanınmıştır. Abbâsî Halifesi Müsterşid-Billâh’ın Hille Arap Emîri Dübeys b. Sadaka’ya karşı yardım istemesi üzerine Zengî b. Aksungur ve Togan Arslan ile beraber Emîr Ali’nin kardeşi Ziyâeddin Gazi’nin (Ebü’l-Muzaffer Gazi), emrindeki Saltukoğlu askerleriyle Bağdat’a gittiği kaydedilmektedir.
Emîr Ali’nin muhtemelen 517’de (1123) ölümünden sonra yerine Ebü’l-Muzaffer Ziyâeddin Gazi geçti. 1126’da İspir ve Pasinler’i geçerek Oltu’ya kadar gelen Gürcüler’e karşı düzenlenen sefere katılan Ziyâeddin Gazi 1131’de Kral İvani’yi bozguna uğrattı. Artuklu Hüsâmeddin Timurtaş, Ziyâeddin Gazi’nin kızıyla evlendi, böylece iki hânedan arasında akrabalık kuruldu. 526 (1132) yılında vefat eden Ziyâeddin Gazi’nin ardından beyliğin başına yeğeni II. İzzeddin Saltuk geçti. Ahlatşahlar ve Erzen beyleriyle ittifak yapan İzzeddin Saltuk kızlarından Şahbânû’yu Ahlat Şahı II. Sökmen ile, diğer kızını da Erzen Beyi Togan Arslan’ın oğlu Kurt veya Yâkub Arslan ile evlendirip bu ittifakları güçlendirmeye çalıştı. İbnü’l-Esîr, Şahbânû’nun Saltuk’un kız kardeşi olduğunu, Ermeni tarihçisi Vardan ise II. Sökmen’in kızını Saltuk’a verdiğini söyler.
II. İzzeddin Saltuk’un kızlarından birine talip olan, ancak reddedilen Ani Emîri Fahreddin Şeddâd ondan intikam almaya karar verdi. 548 (1153-54) yılında Saltuk’a elçi gönderip Gürcüler’e karşı Ani’yi savunacak gücü olmadığını, şehri kendisine teslim ederek hizmetine girmek istediğini bildirdi. Öte yandan ona karşı Kral Dimitri ile anlaştı. Ani’de baskına uğrayan Saltuklular mağlûp oldu. İzzeddin Saltuk ve çok sayıda asker esir düştü. Ahlat Şahı Sökmen ile Artuklu Hükümdarı Necmeddin Alpı krala 100.000 dinar fidye gönderip Saltuk’u kurtardılar. Bu paranın toplanmasında Saltuk’un kızı Şahbânû önemli rol oynadı. Ülkesine dönen İzzeddin Saltuk diğer esirleri kurtarmak için büyük meblağlar ödemek zorunda kaldı. Gürcüler bu başarıya rağmen Ani’yi işgal edemediler. 550’de (1155) Fahreddin’i yakalayıp şehri kardeşi Fazlûn’a verdiler. III. Giorgi 1161 yılında Fazlûn’u bozguna uğratarak Ani’yi ele geçirdi. Bu sırada birçok müslüman kılıçtan geçirildi.
Bu olayın ardından Ahlat Şahı II. Sökmen, II. İzzeddin Saltuk, Erzen ve Bitlis Beyi Fahrüddevle Devletşah ve diğer bazı Türk emîrleri birleşerek Ani’yi kuşattılar (Şâban 556 / Ağustos 1161). Kral Giorgi bunu haber alınca süratle Ani’ye gitti. Savaş başlamak üzereyken İzzeddin Saltuk diğer beylere haber vermeden gizlice ordugâhtan ayrıldı. Onun Gürcüler’e esir düştüğü zaman bir daha Kral Dimitri’ye ve çocuklarına saldırmayacağına dair yemin ettiği için ordudan ayrıldığı rivayet edilir. Saltuk’un bu hareketi yüzünden müslümanlar mağlûp oldu; pek çok müslüman öldürüldü, 9000 kişi esir düştü. Ahlat Şahı Sökmen 400 atlı askeriyle geri dönebildi. Bu sırada henüz Malazgirt’te bulunan Necmeddin Alpı yenilgiden haberdar olunca Meyyâfârikīn’a hareket etti. Daha sonra devrin meşhur âlimlerinden Cemâleddin el-İsfahânî’yi Gürcü kralına göndererek Sökmen’in esir düşen kumandan ve askerlerini kurtardı; fakir esirler için 5000 dinar fidye ödedi.
557’de (1162) Kars’ı alıp Duvîn’i (Duveyn, Dvin) istilâ eden Gürcüler çok sayıda müslümanı öldürüp camileri ve evleri yaktıktan sonra Tiflis’e döndüler; ardından Gence’yi kuşatarak müslümanları kılıçtan geçirdiler, 30.000 kişiyi esir aldılar. Bu olay İslâm dünyasında büyük yankı uyandırdı. Azerbaycan, Cibâl ve İsfahan’a hâkim olan Atabeg Şemseddin İldeniz, Ahlat Şahı Sökmen, II. İzzeddin Saltuk, Merâga Emîri İbn Aksungur ve Irak Selçuklu Sultanı Arslanşah b. Tuğrul ile diğer Doğu Anadolu beyleri Gence’de bir araya geldiler. Bir aydan fazla süren savaşın sonunda müslümanlar galip geldi, kralın ordugâhı ve ağırlıkları yağmalandı (558/1163). Bayburt, Micingerd, Avnik, İspir ve Oltu gibi şehir ve kasabalar İzzeddin Saltuk devrinde Saltuklu hâkimiyeti altına girdi, Kars da bir müddet Saltuklu egemenliği altında kaldı. İzzeddin Saltuk’a ait tarihsiz bir sikkeden onun Irak Selçuklu Sultanı Mes‘ûd b. Muhammed Tapar’ı metbû tanıdığı anlaşılmaktadır.
563’te (1168) ölen İzzeddin Saltuk’tan sonra yerine oğlu Nâsırüddin Muhammed geçti. Nâsırüddin Muhammed devrinde de Gürcüler, Saltuklu ülkesine saldırmaya devam ettiler. Kral David Kars, Sürmeli ve İspir’den sonra Erzurum üzerine yürüdü. İki oğluyla beraber Gürcüler’le savaşa giren Nâsırüddin yenilgiye uğradı ve şehre kapanmak zorunda kaldı. Ertesi gün bütün şehir halkı Erzurum’u savunmak için seferber oldu. Türk halkının cesaret, azim ve kararlılığını gören David çevreyi yağmaladıktan sonra geri çekildi (580/1184-85). Nâsırüddin Muhammed muhtemelen 587 (1191) yılından önce öldü. 585 (1189) tarihli bir sikkede onun Atabeg İldeniz’in oğlu Kızılarslan ile Irak Selçuklu Sultanı II. Tuğrul’u metbû tanıdığı görülmektedir. Nâsırüddin Muhammed’in oğlu Muzafferüddin’in Gürcü Kraliçesi Tamara’ya âşık olduğu, onunla evlenebilmek için asker, köle ve hizmetçilerinden meydana gelen maiyetiyle birlikte değerli hediyelerle Erzurum’dan Gürcistan’a gittiği ve burada muhteşem bir törenle karşılanarak sarayda misafir edildiği, sarayda bir süre Kraliçe Tamara ile aşk hayatı yaşadıktan sonra ülkesine uğurlandığı, sık sık koca değiştiren Tamara’nın David ile evlendikten sonra Muzafferüddin’i câriyelerinden biriyle evlendirdiği rivayet edilmektedir.
Nâsırüddin’in ardından Saltuklu tahtına kız kardeşi Mama Hatun’un geçtiği ve 597 (1200-1201) yılına kadar Erzurum’u yönettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Güçlü ve ihtiraslı bir kadın olan Mama Hatun, Tercan’da bir kervansaray ve türbe yaptırmıştır. Mama Hatun’un Saltuklu tahtından uzaklaştırılması üzerine yerine yeğeni Alâeddin Melikşah geçti. Anadolu’nun fethinde, Rumlar ve Gürcüler’le yapılan savaşlarda, Azerbaycan ve Türkistan’dan gelen göç ve ticaret yollarının açık tutulmasında önemli rol oynayan Saltuklu hânedanı son zamanlarında Gürcü saldırılarına karşı koyamaz oldu. Gürcüler, Azerbaycan Atabegi Kızılarslan ve Ahlat Şahı Seyfeddin Begtimur’un ölümünün ardından Kafkaslar’dan inerek Türk topraklarını işgal ve yağma etmeye, mâsum halkı öldürmeye başladılar.
598’de (1202) Gürcistan seferine çıkan Anadolu Selçuklu Sultanı II. Süleyman Şah, Doğu Anadolu’daki tâbi hükümdar ve beylere haber gönderip kendisine katılmalarını istedi. Bu arada Alâeddin Melikşah’ı da huzuruna çağırdı. Ancak Melikşah sultanı karşılamada geç kaldığı ve kusurlu davrandığı için hapsedildi (İbn Bîbî, s. 73). Süleyman Şah, beyliğin topraklarını kardeşi ve Elbistan Meliki Mugīsüddin Tuğrul Şah’a teslim ederek Saltuklu hânedanına son verdi (598/1202). Saltuklu toprakları 1225 yılına kadar Tuğrul Şah’ın elinde kaldı. Onun ölümünden sonra yerine Rükneddin Cihan Şah geçti (1225-1230). Erzurum’un Aşağı Micingerd köyünde bulunan, muhtemelen 630 (1232-33) tarihli bir kitâbeden Ebû Mansûr Argın Şah adlı bir Saltuklu beyinin bu tarihlerde Pasinler’i hâkimiyeti altında tutmaya devam ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Son Saltuklu hükümdarı Melikşah’ın torunlarının Yavuz Sultan Selim devrine kadar Çemişkezek’te hüküm sürdükleri rivayet edilmektedir. Saltuklu hânedanı başlangıçta Büyük Selçuklu sultanlarına, daha sonra sırasıyla Azerbaycan Atabegleri’ne, Irak Selçukluları’na ve Anadolu Selçukluları’na tâbi olmuştur.
Saltuklular zamanında Erzurum iktisadî ve ticarî bakımdan oldukça gelişmişti. Akdeniz limanlarından ve Suriye’den hareket edip Konya, Kayseri, Sivas ve Erzincan yoluyla Azerbaycan’a, İran’a giden yahut Türkistan’dan Erzurum’a gelip aynı yoldan Akdeniz veya Trabzon limanlarına ulaşan büyük bir kervan yolunun üzerinde bulunduğu için ticarî hayat çok canlıydı. Ayrıca sahip olduğu geniş otlaklarıyla zengin bir hayvancılık potansiyeline sahipti. Kale Camii, Tepsi Minare, Ulucami, Saltuklular’dan zamanımıza intikal eden başlıca mimari eserlerdir. Bunlardan ilk ikisi Ziyâeddin (Ebü’l-Muzaffer) Gazi, Ulucami ise 575 (1179) yılında Nâsırüddin Muhammed tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Üç Kümbetler denilen türbelerden birinin Saltuklular’a ait olduğu anlaşılmaktadır (Sümer, III [Ankara 1971], s. 431). Türbenin yanında bir de zâviye vardır. Tercan’da Mama Hatun tarafından yaptırılan kervansaray, hamam, cami ve türbe ile 630 (1232-33) yılında Ebû Mansûr (Argın Şah) tarafından inşa ettirilen Micingerd Kalesi de Saltuklular dönemine ait önemli eserlerdir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
İbnü’l-Kalânisî, Târîḫu Dımaşḳ (Amedroz), s. 267, 328, 361-362; İbnü’l-Cevzî, el-Muntaẓam, IX, 134; Râvendî, Râhatü’s-sudûr (Ateş), II, 274-275; Ahbârü’d-devleti’s-Selcûkıyye (Lugal), s. 54, 110-114; İbnü’l-Esîr, el-Kâmil (trc. Abdülkerim Özaydın), İstanbul 1987, XI, 228-229, 234, 235, 257-258; XII, 146-147; Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî, Mirʾâtü’z-zamân, s. 8 vd.; İbn Bîbî, el-Evâmirü’l-ʿAlâʾiyye, s. 73; Ebü’l-Ferec, Târih, II, 474; Reşîdüddin Fazlullāh-ı Hemedânî, Câmiʿu’t-tevârîḫ (nşr. Ahmed Ateş), Ankara 1960, s. 38-39; Aksarâyî, Müsâmeretü’l-aḫbâr, s. 32; Ebü’l-Fidâ, Târîḫ, II, 226-227, 386-387; Müstevfî, Târîḫ-i Güzîde (Nevâî), s. 443-444; Urfalı Mateos Vekayi-nâmesi (952-1136) ve Papaz Grigor’un Zeyli (1136-1162) (nşr. ve trc. H. D. Andreasyan), Ankara 1987, s. 331-332; Gaffârî, Cihânʾârâ (nşr. Müctebâ Mînovî), Tahran 1343 hş., s. 134; Müneccimbaşı, Câmiu’d-düvel: Selçuklular Tarihi (nşr. ve trc. Ali Öngül), İzmir 2001, II, 207-210; Ahmed Tevhid, Meskûkât-ı Kadîme-i İslâmiyye Kataloğu, İstanbul 1321, s. 70-73; Abdürrahim Şerif Beygu, Erzurum: Tarihi, Anıtları, Kitabeleri, İstanbul 1936, s. 38, 87; M. Halil Yinanç, Türkiye Tarihi, Selçuklular Devri I: Anadolu’nun Fethi, İstanbul 1944, s. 110, 134, 190; a.mlf., “Erzurum”, İA, IV, 348-349; M. Fahrettin Kırzıoğlu, Kars Tarihi, İstanbul 1953, s. 356, 373, 392, 394; İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı, Abideleri ve Kitabeleri ile Erzurum Tarihi, İstanbul 1960, s. 421-432, 495; Osman Turan, Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-İslâm Medeniyeti, İstanbul 1969, s. 78, 82-85; a.mlf., Doğu Anadolu Türk Devletleri Tarihi, İstanbul 1973, s. 3-52; Erdoğan Merçil, Müslüman-Türk Devletleri Tarihi, İstanbul 1985, s. 125, 281-284; Faruk Sümer, Selçuklular Devrinde Doğu Anadolu’da Türk Beylikleri, Ankara 1990, s. 15-45; a.mlf., “Saltuklular”, Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, III, Ankara 1971, s. 391-433; Abdülkerim Özaydın, “Saltuklular”, Siyasî-Dinî-Kültürel-Sosyal İslâm Tarihi, İstanbul 1994, VIII, 21-34; Ali Öngül, “Saltuklular”, Türkler (nşr. Hasan Celal Güzel v.dğr.), Ankara 2002, VI, 461-476; M. F. Brosset, Gürcistan Tarihi (trc. H. D. Andreasyan, haz. Erdoğan Merçil), Ankara 2003, bk. İndeks; Vardan, Türk Fütûhâtı Tarihi: 889-1269 (trc. H. D. Andreasyan, Tarih Semineri Dergisi, I, içinde), İstanbul 1937, s. 195, 205, 206; Kadı Burhâneddîn-i Ânevî, Anîs al-Kulûb (nşr. ve trc. M. Fuad Köprülü, TTK Belleten , VII/27 [1943] içinde), s. 466; Coşkun Alptekin, “Saltuklu Sikkeleri”, EFAD, XIII/1 (1985), s. 293-296; G. Leiser, “Saltuḳ Og̲h̲ullari”, EI2 (İng.), VIII, 1001.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2009 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 36. cildinde, 54-56 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
Müellif: Nesrin Çiçek Akçıl
MİMARİ. Saltuklular, Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde hüküm sürdükleri süre içerisinde mevcut kaleleri onararak kullanmışlar ve cami, türbe, hamam, kervansaray gibi önemli yapılar inşa etmişlerdir. Bizans ve daha önceki dönemlere ait olan Erzurum, Hasankale, Tortum, İspir, Oltu, Avnik, Micingerd, Zivin, Tercan, Kars ve Bayburt kalelerinde birtakım değişiklikler yapmışlardır. Bunlardan İnkaya (Micingerd) köyünde bulunan ve Becen Kalesi olarak da bilinen Micingerd Kalesi önemlidir. Kalenin Saltuklular tarafından kullanıldığını gösteren iki kitâbesi vardır. İlki 577 (1181-82) tarihli olup Saltuklular’a ait en eski kitâbedir ve fethi müteakip kalenin yenilendiğini belirtir. 630 (1232-33) tarihli olan ikincisinde Saltuk oğlu Ebû Mansûr Argın Şah’ın kaledeki imar faaliyetleri anlatılmaktadır.
Erzurum İçkale’de bulunan Kale Mescidi güneyden yarı silindirik bir burca dayalı olup kareye yakın bir dikdörtgen plan üzerine mihrap önü kubbeli ve mihraba dik tonozlu üç bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Yapının güneydeki burç içinde yer alan mukarnas nişli derin mihrabı dikkat çekicidir. Mescidin yakınında İçkale’nin güneybatı köşesinde yerden silindirik gövdeli tuğla minaredeki kitâbede “Şemsü’l-melik ve’l-ümerâ” unvanı ile “İnanç Beygu (Yabgu) Alp Tuğrulberk Ebü’l-Muzaffer Gāzî b. Ebü’l-Kāsım” adı okunmaktadır (bk. KALE MESCİDİ).
Saltuklular devrinin en önemli yapısı Erzurum Ulucamii olup 575 (1179) yılında İzzeddin Saltuk’un oğlu Melik Nâsırüddin Muhammed tarafından Ebü’l-Feth Mehmed’e yaptırılmıştır. Yapının Nasuh Paşazâde Hüseyin Paşa adına en eski tamir kitâbesi 1049 (1639) tarihlidir. Düzgün kesme taş malzeme ile inşa edilen cami mihrap duvarına dik uzanan yedi nefli, kareye yakın dikdörtgen planlı, büyük bir yapıdır. Avlusuz olarak yapıldığı anlaşılan caminin üstü düz toprak damla örtülü olup kuzeybatı köşesinde minare yer alır (bk. ULUCAMİ).
Saltuklular’a ait diğer bir yapı Erzincan Tercan’da yer alan Mama Hatun Külliyesi’dir. 587’de (1191) II. İzzeddin Saltuk’un kızı Mama Hatun tarafından inşa ettirilen bu külliye kümbet, kervansaray, hamam ve camiden oluşmaktadır. Külliyenin yıkılmış olan camisinin yerine bugün yeni bir cami yapılmıştır (bk. MAMA HATUN KÜLLİYESİ).
Erzurum’da Çifte Minareli Medrese’nin güneyinde İzzeddin Saltuk’a ait olduğu kabul edilen Emîr Saltuk Kümbeti’nin 1189-1190 yıllarında yapıldığı düşünülmektedir. İki renkli düzgün kesme taş malzeme ile inşa edilen yapı dikdörtgen planlı ve tonoz örtülü cenazelik bölümü üzerinde sekizgen gövde, silmeler ve üçgen alınlıklarla iki katlı bir görünüşe sahiptir. İçten kubbe, dıştan konik külâhla örtülü kümbetin cephelerinde yuvarlak kemerli çifte pencere formunda nişler yer alır. Yapı, cephe tasarımının yanı sıra üstte kasnak bölümünde yuvarlak kemerli nişlerde on iki hayvanlı Türk takvimine bağlanan figürlü kabartmalarıyla dikkat çekmektedir (bk. ÜÇ KÜMBETLER).
Üzerlerinde kitâbe bulunmayan, ancak Saltuklular’a mal edilen İspir Kale Mescidi ve Micingert Kümbeti XII. yüzyıl Saltuklu eserleriyle üslûp birliği göstermektedir. İspir Kale Mescidi kalenin en yüksek yerinde bulunmaktadır. 10,80 × 9,50 m. boyutlarında kareye yakın plana sahiptir ve üst örtüsü üç bölümlüdür. Kuzeydoğu köşesindeki kare alan kubbeli olup kasnağında dört yöne açılan pencereler yer almaktadır; batısı ve güneydoğusu sivri kemerli bir tonozla örtülüdür. Yapının dış duvar dolgusundan mihrabının sonradan yapıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Mescidin güneybatı köşesinde kale burcu üzerinde minaresi bulunmaktadır ve dışarıdan dört farklı duvar örgüsüyle dikkati çekmektedir. Şerefeye kadar kesme taştan örülmüş olup şerefe altında tuğladan dört sıra kirpi saçak yer almaktadır. Şerefe korkulukları ve külâh kısmı yıkılmıştır. Micingerd Kümbeti, Micingerd Kalesi’nin kuzeydoğusunda iki renkli düzgün kesme taşla inşa edilmiştir. Dıştan çokgen, içten silindirik gövdeye sahip kümbetin yıkılmış üst örtüsüne rağmen içten kubbe, dıştan konik külâhla örtülü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Yapı sivri kemerli ve mukarnaslı pencere alınlıklarına sahiptir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Abdürrahim Şerif Beygu, Erzurum: Tarihi, Anıtları, Kitabeleri, İstanbul 1936, s. 93-98; İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı, Abideleri ve Kitabeleri ile Erzurum Tarihi, İstanbul 1960, s. 219-221; Ara Altun, Ortaçağ Türk Mimarisinin Ana Hatları İçin Bir Özet, İstanbul 1988, s. 44-45; Faruk Sümer, Selçuklular Devrinde Doğu Anadolu’da Türk Beylikleri, Ankara 1990, s. 43-44; Oktay Aslanapa, Anadolu’da İlk Türk Mimarîsi: Başlangıcı ve Gelişmesi, Ankara 1991, s. 19-23; a.mlf., “Anadolu Selçukluları Mimari Sanatı-Anadolu’da Türk Sanatı”, Başlangıcından Bugüne Türk Sanatı, Ankara 1993, s. 119-120, 146, 147-148; a.mlf., Türk Sanatı, İstanbul 1997, s. 110-111; Zeki Sönmez, Başlangıcından 16. Yüzyıla Kadar Anadolu Türk-İslâm Mimarisinde Sanatçılar, Ankara 1995, s. 173-176; Mustafa Kemal Şahin, “Tercan Mama Hatun Külliyesi’ndeki Taşçı İşaretleri”, Prof. Dr. Zafer Bayburtluoğlu Armağanı Sanat Yazıları, Kayseri 2001, s. 501-509; Selçuklu Çağında Anadolu Sanatı (nşr. Doğan Kuban), İstanbul 2002, s. 107-108; Haldun Özkan, “Saltuklu Mimarisi”, Türkler (nşr. Hasan Celal Güzel v.dğr.), Ankara 2002, VIII, 72-83; Rüçhan Arık, “Erzurum’da İki Cami”, VD, VIII (1969), s. 149-156; Hakkı Önkal, “Anadolu Selçuklu Türbeleri”, TK, XXIII (1985), s. 29-34.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2009 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 36. cildinde, 56-57 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.