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Sedat Macit. Muhammed Muhsin Müstevfî’nin Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’i. Yüksek lisans tezi (2017) Skip to content Title: Muhammed Muhsin Müstevfî’nin Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’i=Muhammad Muhsin Mustawfi’s Zubdat-al Tawarikh. Yüksek lisans tezi Author: Sedat Macit Translator: Editor: Tez danışmanı: Selim Parlaz Language: English Series: Place: Denizli Publisher: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Year: 2017 Pages: XIII, 169 ISBN: File: PDF, 3.31 MB Download: Click here
Sedat Macit. Muhammed Muhsin Müstevfî’nin Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’i. Yüksek lisans tezi. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017, XIII+169 s.
İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ … II ÖZET … IV ABSTRACT … V KISALTMALAR … VII İÇİNDEKİLER … X BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM 1.1. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh ve Konusu … 1 1.2. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’in Yazarı: Muhammed Muhsin Müstevfî … 2 1.3. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’in Yazılış Tarihi … 5 1.4. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’in Kaynakları … 6 1.5. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’in Nüshaları … 6 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM 2.1. MÜELLİFİN MUKADDİMESİ … 10 2.2. CENNET MEKÂN SAFEVİ SULTANLARI … 22 2.2.1. El Mükerreren Sultan Hoca Ali Siyahpuş’un durumu hakkında … 24 2.2.2. Sultan Cüneyd Enara’l-Allah Burhane … 25 2.2.3. Sultan Haydar … 26 2.2.4. Sultan Haydar’ın Oğlu Sultan Ali Mirza … 27 2.3. FİRDEVS MEKÂN NEVVAB-I ŞAH İSMAİL … 27 2.3.1. Şah İsmail’in Faaliyetleri … 31 2.3.2. Horasan’ın Fethinden Sonra Türkistan Emirlerinin Merhamet İsteklerinin Kabul Edilip Hicri 1516 / Miladi 1510 Yılında Maveraünnehir’den Geri Dönülerek Darü’l-Mü’minin Kum’da Kışlamalarından Sonraki Vakaların Zikri … 35 2.3.3. Mükerreren Nevvab-ı Razvan-ı Meâb-ı Şah İsmail’in Evlatları, Eserleri ve İcatları … 38 2.4. MERHAMET-U GUFRAN-I MEÂB-I ÂLİYİN-İ AŞYAN ŞAH TAHMASB ENARA’L-ALLAH BURHANE … 39 2.4.1. Uğursuz Özbeklerin Gelmesi ve İki Grup Arasında Savaşlar … 39 2.4.2. Nevvab-ı Cennet Mekânın Daru’s-saltanat Herat’a Gelmesi, Oradan Kandahar’a Gitmesi … 47 2.4.3. Sultan Süleyman Handegar’ın İran’a Gelmesi ve Onun İle Muharebeler … 48 2.4.4. Kızılbaşların İskender Paşa Üzerine Gitmesi ve Bazı Diğer Olaylar … 53 2.4.5. Kızılbaşların Sultan Süleyman’ın Yolunun Üzerine Gitmesi ve Diğer Olaylar … 54 2.4.6. Fethedilen vilayetler … 54 2.4.7. Cengiz Sultanlarının ve Diğer Kişilerin İran’a Sığınması, Nevvab-I Cennet Mekânın Onları Karşılaması, Ayrıca Yaptığı Hazırlıkların ve Onlarla Yaptığı Çarpışmaların Niteliği Hakkında … 58 2.4.8. O Hazretin Vefatı ve Saltanatı Yıllarında Gerçekleşen Olaylar … 60 2.4.9. O Hazretin Padişahlığı Zamanında Gerçekleşen Olaylar … 61 2.4.10. Mükerreren O Hazrettin Evlatları ve Ondan Geriye Kalan Eserler … 62 2.5. NEVVAB-I CENNET MEKÂN ŞAH TAHMASB’IN OĞLU İSMAİL … 63 2.6. NEVVAB-I İSKENDER ŞAN ŞAH MUHAMMED HÜDABENDE … 66 2.7. NEVVAB-I GİTİSTAN ŞAH ABBAS-I EVVEL ENARA’L-ALLAH BURHANE … 68 2.7.1. Şah Abbas’ın Faliyetleri … 71 2.7.2. Nevvab-ı İskender Şan’ın son günlerinde ümeranın yönetimine aldığı vilayetlerin geri alınması … 71 2.7.3. O Hazretin Üzerinde Gerçekleşmiş Bütün Garip Olaylar Ayrıntılarıyla Zikredilecektir … 74 2.7.4 O Hazretin Saltanatı Günlerindeki Reislerin ve Cemaatlerin İsimleri … 76 2.7.5. Kalem Erbabı ve Bu Görevleri Üstlenen Beyler … 77 2.7.6. Şah Abbas’tan Geriye Kalan Eserler ve Alametler … 79 2.8. NEVVAB-I RAZVAN MEKÂN ŞAH SAFİ ENARA’L-ALLAH BURHANE … 82 2.8.1. O Hazretin Saltanat Yıllarında Rum İle Yapılan Muharebe ve Mücadeleler … 83 2.8.9. Diğer Olaylar … 85 2.9. NEVVAB-I GUFRAN MEÂB-I SAHİBKIRAN ŞAH ABBAS’I SANİ … 87 2.10.1. Mükerreren Şah Abbas’ın Evlatları ve Eserleri … 88 2.10. NEVVAB-I TUBA AŞYAN ŞAH SÜLEYMAN ENARA’L-ALLAH BURHANE HALEF-İ EL-SIDDIK NEVVAB-I SAHİPKIRAN ŞAH ABBAS-I SANİ … 89 2.10.1.Mükerreren O Hazretin Öldürdüğü Meşhur Hâkimler ve Sultanların Dışındaki Emirlerin Bir Kısmı … 89 2.11. NEVVAB-I MALİKÜ’L-REKAB ŞAH SULTAN HÜSEYİN HALEF-İ EKBER NEVVAB-I TUBA AŞYAN ŞAH SÜLEYMAN … 90 2.11.1. Afganların Haberinin İsfahan’a Ulaşması Üzerine Sipahsalar Hüsrev Han’ın Serdar Olarak Belirlenerek Kandahar’a Gönderilmesi, Hüsrev Han’ın Kandahar’da Yenildiği Haberinin İsfahan’a Ulaşması Zikri … 91 2.11.2. Muhammed Zaman Kurçibaşının Kandehar’ı Ele Geçirmek Maksadıyla Hareket Edip Herat’a Gitmesi, Sadullah Afgan Abdali’nin Herat Gelmesi, Herat Kalesini Ele Geçirmesi, Herat’ta Muhammed Zaman’ın Öldürülmesinin Zikri … 92 2.11.3. Serdar Feth Ali Han Türkmen’in Horasan’a Gelmesi ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 93 2.11.4. Feth Ali Han’ın Herat’a Gitmesi, Öldürülmesi ve Bahsi Edilen Seferden Geriye Kalan Kalıcı Olayların Zikri … 94 2.11.5. Meşhed-i Mukaddesin Muhasara Edilmesi, Afganların Amaçlarına Ulaşamayıp Geri Dönmesi, Meşhed’in Sahibi Cenab-ı Mustetab-ı Ali bin Musa el-Rıza Alehisselam’ın Mucizesi … 95 2.11.6. Safi Kulu Han Türkistanoğlu Horasan Serdarlığına Getirilmesi, Özbekler İle Savaş Ve Safi Kulu’nun Fethinin Zikri … 95 2.11.7. Safi Kulu Han’ın Herat’a Girmesi ve Diğer Olaylar … 96 2.11.8. Nevvab-ı Malik Reqab’ın Herat’ı ve Kandahar’ı Fethetmek Amacıyla İsfahan’dan Horasan’a Gitmek İçin Kazvin’e Gelmesi … 97 2.11.9. Nevvab-ı Malik Reqab’ın Kazvin’den Tahran’a Hareket Etmesinin Zikri … 98 2.11.10. Nevvab-ı Malik Reqab’ın Tahran’a Girişi, Oradan İsfahan’a Gitmesi ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 99 2.11.11. Veziriazam Feth Ali Han Olayından Sonra Makamlarda Yapılan Değişiklikler ve Gerçekleşen Olayların Zikri … 99 2.11.12. Şah’ın İsfahan’a Gelmesi, İsmail Han’ı Horasan’a Göndermesi ve Diğer Aşamaların Zikri … 100 2.11.13. Mir Veys’in Oğlu Merdud Mahmut Afgan Gılcay’ın Darü’l-Eman Kirman’a gelmesi … 101 2.11.14. Mahmut Merdudun İsfahan’a Gelmesi, Emirler İle Savaşı ve Emirlerin Yenilmesinin Zikri … 102 2.11.15. İsfahan’ın Muhasara Edilmesinin zikri … 103 2.11.16. Nevvab-ı Malik Reqab’ın Ferahâbâd’a gitmesi ve Mahmut Afgan’ı Şehre Getirmesinin Zikri … 105 2.11.17. Mahmut Merdudun İsfahan’a Girmesinin Zikri … 106 2.11.18. Emirlerin Silah Kuşanıp Mahmut’un Yanına Gitmesi Olayı ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 108 2.11.19. Nevvab-ı Malik Reqab’ın Şehadeti ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 109 2.12. NEVVAB-I GUFRAN MA’AB-I ŞAH TAHMASB-I SANİ HALEF EL-SIDK NEVVAB-I REQAB ŞAH SULTAN HÜSEYİN … 111 2.12.1. Nevvab-ı Mirza’nın Kazvin’de Tahta Çıkması ve Kazvin’den Azerbaycan’a Gitmesinin Zikri … 112 2.12.2. Şah Tahmasb’ın Azerbaycan’a Gitmesi ve O Seferde Gerçekleşen Olayların Zikri … 113 2.12.3. Afganların Tahran’a Gelmesinin Zikri … 114 2.12.4. Mazenderan Olayının Zikri … 115 2.12.5. Melik Mahmut’un Horasan’a Gelmesi ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 117 2.12.6. Nadir Kulu Bey’in Geri Dönerek Merv-İ Şahıcan’dan Orduya Gelmesi ve Bazı Olayların Zikri … 117 2.12.7. Meşhedi Mukaddesin kuşatılması ve Hace Rebî’ 0layının Zikri … 118 2.12.8. Meşhed-i Mukaddesin Fethi ve Bazı Olayların Zikri … 119 2.12.9. Bendeğan-ı Ekdas-ı Hümayun’un Habuşan’a Gitmesi ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 120 2.12.10. Bendegan-ı Ekdas’ın Meşhed-i Mukaddese Girmelerinden Sonra Meydana Gelen Olayların Zikri … 121 2.12.11. Sebzevar olayı ve Meşhed-i Mukaddese Geri Dönülmesinin Zikri … 122 2.12.12. Mazenderan’a Giriş ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 123 2.12.13. Akıbetsiz Afganların Semnan’dan Firar Etmelerinden Sonra İsfahan’a Girişleri, Nevvab-I Kurçibaşının Onları Takip Etmesinin Ardından İsfahan Bölgesinde Savaş Yapmaları Ve Diğer Olayların Zikri … 124 2.12.14. Nevvab-ı Kurçibaşının Horasan’a Dönmesinden Sonra Nevvab-ı Kamyab Şah Tahmasb’ın Uğursuz Rumlar İle Savaşı ve Bazı Olayların Zikri … 126 2.12.15. Kızılbaşların İsfahan’ın Hezârcerib Sarayı’nda Birleşip Nevvab-ı Şah Tahmasb-I Sani’yi Saltanattan Uzaklaştırmaları ve Nevvab-ı Muazzamu’l-İleyh Meşhedi Mukaddes’e Göndermesinin Zikri … 129 2.13. NEVVAB-I ŞAH ABBAS-I SALİS … 131 2.13.1. Mükerreren Nevvab-I İskender Şan’ın Bağdat’ta Yenilmesinden Sonra Hemedan’a Gelmesi, Ordu Tedariklerini Görüp İkinci Kez Bağdat’a Gitmesi, Kerkük’e Gitmesiyle Rumlar İle İkinci Savaşı, Rumları Yenmesi, Bağdat’ı Fethetmesi Ve Rum Seraskeri Topal’ın Öldürülmesi … 133 2.14. GILCAY TAİFESİ MİR VEYS AFGAN GILCAYİ … 137 2.14.1. Mir Veys Madrudun Oğlu Mahmut Merdud … 139 2.14.2. O Merdudun Babasının Aldığı Kandahar Vilayetinin Dışında, Kendisinin Yönetimine Aldığı Vilayetler … 141 2.14.3. Mir Veys Mel’unun Yeğeni Eşref Şah Afgan … 141 2.15. AHMET HAN BİN MİRZA EBU’L KASIM BİN MİRZA DAVUT MÜTEVELLİ SERKAR-I ASTANE-İ MUKADDES … 143 2.15.1. İsfahan’dan Sahtekarlık Yaparak Şehirden Kaçan Şehzade Safi Mirza, Safevi Evlatlarından Şah Sultan Hüseyin’in Oğludur … 143 2.16. MEŞHED OLAYI… MUHAMMED EMİN AĞA VE MUHAMMED TAKİ AĞA KELAVEND … 144 2.16.1. Muhammed Baba Kudreti … 145 2.16.2. Keyân Padişahlarının Evlatlarından Kirman Naibi Olan Melik Hüseyin Han’ın Biraderi Melik Mahmut Sistani … 147 2.17. MUHASARA GÜNLERİNDE ÖLMÜŞ VE ÖLDÜRÜLMÜŞLER HAKKINDA … 154 SONUÇ … 155 KAYNAKÇA … 156 ÖZGEÇMİŞ … 159 EKLER … 160
Özet
Bu çalışma 18. Yüzyıl tarihçilerinden Muhammed Muhsin Müstevfî’ye ait olan Zübdetü’t Tevârîh isimli eserin Farsçadan tercüme edilmesi ile hazırlanmıştır. Tarihten seçmeler, tarihin özeti, tarihin özü gibi anlamlara gelen Zübdetü’t Tevârîh isimli bu kapsamlı Safevi Tarihi, Fars ve Arap tarih yazım geleneğinde önemli bir yer tutan türlerdendir. İslam dünyasında genellikle bu eserler Allah’a ve peygamberlerine övgüler ile başlar. Övgülerde bulunduktan sonra hazreti Âdem ve hazreti Hava’nın yaratılışından hazreti Muhammed’e kadar dünya tarihinin özeti kısaca anlatılır. Fars tarih yazımında ise buna ek olarak 12 imam 14 masumun ve İran coğrafyasında hüküm süren hanedanların tarihini anlatılmıştır. Muhammed Muhsin’e ait olan eser de kendi türünden diğer eserden farklı değildir. Yukarıda bahsi edilen konuları anlattıktan sonra ek olarak Safevi tarikatının şeyhlerini ve padişahlarını yazarın eserini tamamladığı 1740 yılına kadar geçen olayları anlatmaktadır. Eserin orijinal hali 16 bölüm ve bir girişten oluşmaktadır. Eserin bölümlerini tercüme ederken değişikliğe yapılmamıştır. Tez içerik bakımından iki bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde yazar, eser ve nüshalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise eserin tercümesini verip dipnotlar ile açıklamalar ve gerektiğinde diğer dönem kaynaklarından örnekler verilmiştir.
Abstract
This study is the translation of Zubdat-al Tawarikh by Muhammad Muhsin Mustawfi who was from the historians of the 18th century. Zubdat-al Tawarikh means “the selections from the history, the abstract of the history, the essence of the history”. This comprehensive history of Safavids is one of the important species of Persian and Arabic historiography. In the Islamic world that kind of works start with praises to Allah and his prophets and summarizes the world history from the creation of Adam and Eve until the prophet Muhammad. In Persian historiography, in addition to this, the history of The Twelve Imams, The Fourteen Infallibles and the dynasties that ruled in Iran were narrated. The work of Muhammad Muhsin is not different from the works of the same kind. After narrating the events above-mentioned, it narrates the sheikhs of Safavid order and padishahs and the events until 1740. The original version of the work contains an introduction and 16 chapters. During the translation of the chapters of the work, any change was not made. The thesis is consist of two chapters in terms of content. In the first chapter some information about the author, the work and editions were given. After, the translation, the annotation and explanations were made and if necessary, some examples from the other resources of the era were given.
1.3. Zübdetü’t Tevârîh’in Yazılış Tarihi
Zübdetü’t Tevârîh, Tahran Üniversitesindeki fihriste, eserin 1741 yılana ait olduğunu yazmaktadır. Ancak mevcut olan nüshalarda bu tarih hakkında bilgi verilmemektedir. Muhammed Muhsin, Şah II. Tahmasb dönemini anlattığı kısımda “Bu eser yazıldığında Şah Tahmasb 36 yaşındaydı” demektedir. Şah II. Tahmasb’ın doğum tarihi 1704 tarihi olduğuna göre 1740 tarihine denk gelmektedir.
Muhammed Muhsin, muhtemelen Şah Tahmasb’ın öldürülmeden hemen önce eserini tamamlamıştır. Çünkü 1740 yılı aynı zamanda Şah II. Tahmasb ve oğlu III. Abbas, Nadir Şah’ın Oğlu Rıza Kulu Mirza tarafından verilen emir üzerine, Muhammed Hüseyin Han Kaçar tarafından öldürülme yılıdır. Ancak her ikisinin kesin öldürülme tarihi bilinmemektedir. Behruz Guderzi, Alem Ara-i Nadiri adlı esere dayanarak, Nadir Şah’ın Hindistan seferinde iken, Rıza Kulu Han’ın onların ölüm emirini verdiğini yazmaktadır. Buna sebep olarak ise sefer sırasında Nadir Şah’ın öldürüldüğü haberi şehre ulaşınca, karışıklık çıkmasından endişelenen Rıza Kulu Mirza, onların ölüm emrini verdiğini söylemektedir. Yine aynı esere dayanarak, Şah Tahmasb’ın öldürüldüğü haberi yayılması üzerine, Rıza Kulu Mirza’nın eşi aynı zamanda Şah Tahmasb’ın kız kardeşi, intihar etmiştir. Alem Ara-i Nadiri adı eserde, Rıza Kulu Mirza’nın eşinin, hicri 1151 / miladi 1739 yılının son gününde intihar ettiğine dair not düşmüştür.
Nadir Şah’ın Hindistan’dan seferinden dönüş tarihi 1740 yılıdır. Ancak Muhammed Muhsin’in eserini tamamladığı yıla denk gelmesine rağmen Nadir Şah’ın, Hindistan seferleri hakkında herhangi bir bilgi vermemektedir. Sadece eserin giriş kısmında, Nadir Şah hakkında “Hindistan’ın Fatihi” şeklinde bahsetmektedir. Buradan anlaşılacağı üzere Muhammed Muhsin, kitabını yazarken Meşhed’te bulunmakta ve Hindistan seferlerine katılmamıştı. Sadece Hindistan’ın fethedildiğini duyup, yazmıştı.
Categories History Tags Historical sources in Persian , History of Afghanistan , History of Azerbaijan , History of Turkey , Nadir Shah Afshar , Ottoman Empire , Ottoman occupation of Iravân in 1724 , Ottoman-Safavid War (1723-1727) , Ottoman-Safavid War (1730-1735) , Russo-Safavid War (1722-1723) , Safavid Empire , Sedat Macit , Theses