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Selçuklular karşısında Halife El-Kâ’im Biemrillâh’ın hâkimiyeti ele geçirme teşebbüsü Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 269 – 287, 29.07.2024
Suat Kaymak
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1470499
Öz al-Qā’im bi-Amr Allāh spent the first half of his caliphate (1031-1055) under Buwayhid rule. In this period, when the Buwayhids were weakening, the caliph invited the Seljuk sultan Toghrïl Beg to Baghdād and got rid of both the Buwayhids and Arslan al-Basasīrī’s domination. However, this time the Seljuks took over the political sovereignty. Until the death of Toghrïl Beg, al-Qā’im did not react to this situation. However, relations between the two sides became tense, regarding Toghrïl Beg’s marriage to Sayyida Khatun, the daughter of al-Qā’im. After the death of the sultan in 455/1063, al-Qā’im tried to establish his own authority by not reciting khutbahs on behalf of any political authority in Baghdād. al-Qā’im even minted coins in his own name. al-Qā’im tried to attract local rulers to his side in order to completely seize authority, but some of Sharaf al-Dawla Muslim’s activities caused disturbances. As a result of the unfavorable developments in Baghdād, which was deprived of a strong political authority, the caliph accepted the Seljuk rule again by reciting khutbah in the name of the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan. This article aims to discuss the activities of al-Qā’im to re-establish the ‘Abbāsid authority after the death of Toghrïl Beg.
Anahtar Kelimeler ‘Abbāsids, Seljuks, al-Qā’im bi-Amr Allāh, Toghrïl Beg, Alp Arslan
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İbnü’l-Cevzî (2005), el-Muntazam fî târîhi’l-mulûk ve’l-umem, Selçuklular ile ilgili kısımların Türkçe çev. Ali SEVİM, “İbnü’l-Cevzî’nin el-Muntazam Adlı Eserindeki Selçuklularla İlgili Bilgiler (H.430-485 = 1038-1092)”, TTK Belgeler, 26/30, 1-84. İbnü’l-Esîr (1966), el-Kâmil fî’t-târîh, 9-10, Thk. Carolus Johannes TORNBERG, Dâru Sâdır, Beyrut. İbnü’l-Esîr (1987), İslâm Tarihi: el-Kâmil fi’t-Târîh Tercümesi, 9-10, Çev. Abdülkerim ÖZAYDIN, Bahar Yayınları, İstanbul. İbnü’l-İmrânî (1973), el-İnbâ’ fî târîhi’l-hulefâ’, Thk. Kâsım es-Sâmerrâî, Brill, Leiden. İbnü’l-Kalânisî (1983), Târîhu Dımaşk: 360-555 h., Thk. Süheyl Zekkâr, Dâru Hassân, Beyrut. İbnü’l-Kalânisî (2008), Târîhu Dımaşk, Selçuklular ile ilgili kısımların Türkçe çev. Ali SEVİM, “İbnü’l-Kalânisî’nin Zeylü Târih-i Dımaşk Adlı Eserinde Selçuklularla İlgili Bilgiler I. (H.436-500 = 1044/45-1106/07)”, TTK Belgeler, 29/33, 1-42. İbnü’l-Verdî (1996), Târîhu İbni’l-Verdî: Tetimmetü’l-muhtasar fî ahbâri’l-beşer, 1, Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, Beyrut. İbnü’l-Verdî (2014), Târîhu İbni’l-Verdî: Tetimmetu’l-muhtasar fî ahbâri’l-beşer, Selçuklular ilgili kısımların Türkçe çev. Mustafa ALİCAN, Bir Ortaçağ Şairinin Kaleminden Selçuklular, Kesit Yayınları, İstanbul. JAFAR, Yahya (2011), The Seljuq period in Baghdad 447-552 h.: A numismatic and historical study, Spink, London. KİTAPÇI, Zekeriya (1994a), Abbasi Hilâfetinde Selçuklu Hâtunları ve Türk Sultanları, Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Konya. KİTAPÇI, Zekeriya (1994b), “Asrın Olayı Büyük Selçuklu Sultanı Tuğrul Bey’in Halife El-Kâim’in Kızı Seyyide İle Evlenmesi ve Bazı Tarihi Gerçekler”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 13-42. KORKMAZ, Seyfullah (1997), Arslanü’l-Besâsîrî ve Zamanı, Doktora Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri. KÖYMEN, Mehmet Altay (2001), Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu Tarihi: Alp Arslan ve Zamanı, 3, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. KÖYMEN, Mehmet Altay (2013), Selçuklu Devri Türk Tarihi, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 5. Baskı, Ankara . MAKDISI, George (2009), “Tuğrul Bey’in Evliliği”, Çev. Mustafa ALİCAN, Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 3, 139-159. Muhammed Şebânkâre’î (2009), Mecma‘u’l-ensâb, Türkçe çev. Ahmad Hesamipour, “Selçuklular”, Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 4, 137-161. Müneccimbâşı (2000), Câmiu’d-düvel: Selçuklular Tarihi I: Horasan-Irak, Kirman ve Suriye Selçukluları, Nşr. ve Çev. Ali ÖNGÜL, Akademi Kitabevi, İzmir. en-Nüveyrî (1980), Nihâyetu’l-ereb fî funûni’l-edeb, 23, Thk. Ahmed Kâmil Zekî, Tsh. Mustafâ Ziyâde, en-Nehdatü’l-Mısriyyeti’l-‘Amme, Kahire. en-Nüveyrî (1985), Nihâyetu’l-ereb fî funûni’l-edeb, 26, Thk. Muhammed Fevzî el-‘Anitîl, Tsh. Muhammed Taha el-Hâcerî, en-Nehdatü’l-Mısriyyeti’l-‘Amme, Kahire. ÖZAYDIN, Abdülkerim (2001), “Kāim-Biemrillâh”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, 24, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul, 210-211. ÖZGÜDENLİ, Osman G. (2013), Selçuklular I: Büyük Selçuklu Devleti Tarihi (1040-1157), TDV İSAM Yayınları, İstanbul. er-Râvendî (1999), Râhatü’s-südûr ve âyetü’s-surûr (Gönüllerin Rahatı ve Sevinç Alâmeti), 1, Çev. Ahmed ATEŞ, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. Sadrü’d-dîn el-Hüseynî (1999), Ahbârü’d-devleti’s-Selçûkiyye, Çev. Necati LÜGAL, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî (1989-1992), Mir’âtü’z-zamân fi târîhi’l-â‘yân, Yay. Ali SEVİM, “Mir’âtü’z-Zaman Fî Tarihi’l-Âyan (Kayıp Uyûnü’t-Tevârîh’ten Naklen Selçuklularla İlgili Bölümler)”, TTK Belgeler, 14/18, 1-260. Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî (2011), Mir’âtü’z-Zamân Fî Târîhi’l-Âyân’da Selçuklular, Çev. Ali SEVİM, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. es-Süyûtî (1964), Târîhu’l-hulefâ’, Thk. Muhammed Muhyiddîn Abdülhamîd, el-Mektebetü’t-Ticâreti’l-Kübrâ, Kahire. TURAN, Osman (2010), Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-İslâm Medeniyeti, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul. Yâkût el-Hamevî (1977), Mu‘cemu’l-buldân, 1, 4, Dâru Sâdır, Beyrut. el-Yezdî (1979), el-Urâda fî’l-hikâyeti’s-Selçûkiyye, Arapça çev. ve thk. Abdunnaim Muhammed Hasaneyn ve Hüseyn Emîn, Câmiatu Bağdâd, Bağdat. Zahîrü’d-dîn Nîşâbûrî (2015), Selçuknâme, Çev. Ayşe Gül FİDAN, Hâce İmâm Zahîru’d-dîn Nîşâbûrî’nin Selçuknâme’si (İnceleme-Çeviri), Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. ez-Zehebî (1983), Siyeru a‘lâmi’n-nübelâ’, 15, Thk. Şuayb el-Arnaût ve İbrâhîm ez-Zeybek, Müessesetü’r-Risâle, Beyrut. ez-Zehebî (1994), Târîhü’l-İslâm ve vefeyâtü’l-meşâhîr ve’l-a‘lâm: h. 441-460, Thk. Ömer Abdüsselâm Tedmurî, Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Arabî, Beyrut.
Selçuklular Karşısında Halife El-Kâ’im Biemrillâh’ın Hâkimiyeti Ele Geçirme Teşebbüsü Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 269 – 287, 29.07.2024
Suat Kaymak
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1470499
Öz el-Kâ’im Biemrillâh, hilâfetinin ilk yarısını (1031-1055) Büveyhî hâkimiyeti altında geçirmiştir. Büveyhîlerin iyice zayıfladığı bu dönemde halife, Selçuklu sultanı Tuğrul Bey’i Bağdâd şehrine davet ederek hem Büveyhîlerden hem de Arslan el-Besâsîrî’nin tahakkümünden kurtulmuştur. Bununla birlikte siyasî hâkimiyet, bu kez Selçukluların eline geçirmiştir. Tuğrul Bey’in ölümüne kadar el-Kâ’im, bu duruma herhangi bir tepki göstermemiştir. Ancak Tuğrul Bey’in, el-Kâ’im’in kızı Seyyide Hatun ile izdivacı mevzusunda iki taraf arasındaki ilişkiler gerginleşmiştir. 455/1063 senesinde sultanın ölümünden sonra da el-Kâ’im, Bağdâd’da herhangi bir siyasî otorite adına hutbe okutmayarak bir nevi kendi otoritesini kurmayı denemiştir. Hatta kendi adına sikke bastırmıştır. Otoriteyi tamamen ele geçirmek için mahallî hâkimleri yanına çekmeye çalışmış, fakat Şerefü’d-devle Müslim’in birtakım faaliyetleri karışıklıklara sebebiyet vermiştir. Güçlü bir siyasî otoriteden yoksun kalan Bağdâd’da yaşanan olumsuz gelişmeler neticesinde halife, Sultan Alp Arslan’ın ismini hutbeye ekleterek Selçuklu hâkimiyeti yeniden kabul etmiştir. Bu makale, Tuğrul Bey’in vefatının ardından Bağdâd’da yaşayan gelişmeler ile el-Kâ’im’in Abbâsî otoritesini tekrardan tesis etmek adına yaptığı faaliyetleri ele almaya matuftur.
Anahtar Kelimeler Abbâsîler, Selçuklular, el-Kâ’im Biemrillâh, Tuğrul Bey, Alp Arslan
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(2013), Selçuklular I: Büyük Selçuklu Devleti Tarihi (1040-1157), TDV İSAM Yayınları, İstanbul. er-Râvendî (1999), Râhatü’s-südûr ve âyetü’s-surûr (Gönüllerin Rahatı ve Sevinç Alâmeti), 1, Çev. Ahmed ATEŞ, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. Sadrü’d-dîn el-Hüseynî (1999), Ahbârü’d-devleti’s-Selçûkiyye, Çev. Necati LÜGAL, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî (1989-1992), Mir’âtü’z-zamân fi târîhi’l-â‘yân, Yay. Ali SEVİM, “Mir’âtü’z-Zaman Fî Tarihi’l-Âyan (Kayıp Uyûnü’t-Tevârîh’ten Naklen Selçuklularla İlgili Bölümler)”, TTK Belgeler, 14/18, 1-260. Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî (2011), Mir’âtü’z-Zamân Fî Târîhi’l-Âyân’da Selçuklular, Çev. Ali SEVİM, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara. es-Süyûtî (1964), Târîhu’l-hulefâ’, Thk. Muhammed Muhyiddîn Abdülhamîd, el-Mektebetü’t-Ticâreti’l-Kübrâ, Kahire. TURAN, Osman (2010), Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-İslâm Medeniyeti, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul. Yâkût el-Hamevî (1977), Mu‘cemu’l-buldân, 1, 4, Dâru Sâdır, Beyrut. el-Yezdî (1979), el-Urâda fî’l-hikâyeti’s-Selçûkiyye, Arapça çev. ve thk. Abdunnaim Muhammed Hasaneyn ve Hüseyn Emîn, Câmiatu Bağdâd, Bağdat. Zahîrü’d-dîn Nîşâbûrî (2015), Selçuknâme, Çev. Ayşe Gül FİDAN, Hâce İmâm Zahîru’d-dîn Nîşâbûrî’nin Selçuknâme’si (İnceleme-Çeviri), Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. ez-Zehebî (1983), Siyeru a‘lâmi’n-nübelâ’, 15, Thk. Şuayb el-Arnaût ve İbrâhîm ez-Zeybek, Müessesetü’r-Risâle, Beyrut. ez-Zehebî (1994), Târîhü’l-İslâm ve vefeyâtü’l-meşâhîr ve’l-a‘lâm: h. 441-460, Thk. Ömer Abdüsselâm Tedmurî, Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Arabî, Beyrut. Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Selçuklu Tarihi Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Suat Kaymak BEYKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, TARİH BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0001-6804-6839 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28
Kaynak Göster APA Kaymak, S. (2024). Selçuklular Karşısında Halife El-Kâ’im Biemrillâh’ın Hâkimiyeti Ele Geçirme Teşebbüsü. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(28), 269-287. https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1470499
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