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TARGAN, Şerif Mehmet Muhittin Skip to content (1892-1967)
Ud virtüozu, viyolonselist ve bestekâr.
21 Ocak 1892’de İstanbul’un Çamlıca semtinde doğdu. Babası Osmanlı Devleti’nin son Mekke emîri, Meclis-i A‘yân ikinci reisi ve Evkaf nâzırlarından Ali Haydar Paşa, annesi Sabiha Hanım’dır. Hz. Peygamber’in 37. kuşaktan torunudur. Adındaki Şerif kelimesi, aynı zamanda bu irtibatın ifadesidir. Üniversite yıllarına kadar özel dersler alarak öğrenimini sürdürdü. 1908’de Dârülfünun Hukuk Fakültesi ve bir yıl sonra Edebiyat Fakültesi’ne girdi ve her ikisinden de mezun oldu. 29 Ekim 1916 tarihinde babasının Mekke emirliğine tayini üzerine onunla birlikte Hicaz’a gitti ve bir süre Şam’da bulundu. I. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Şerîf Hüseyin’in Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı Arabistan’da başlattığı isyana Şerif Muhittin’in babasının katılmamasından dolayı ailesi maddî ve mânevî büyük kayıplara uğradı. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan sonra yeni sanat çevrelerinden ilgi görmemesi yüzünden gittiği Amerika’da (1924) sekiz yıl kaldı. New York’ta geçirdiği bir ameliyat sonrası İstanbul’a döndü. Ancak bu defa da kendisine mûsikiyle ilgili ciddi bir görev verilmeyince iki yıl sonra Irak hükümetinin davetiyle Bağdat’a gitti (1934) ve burada Doğu ve Batı mûsikisi bölümlerinin yer aldığı Bağdat Konservatuvarı’nı kurarak yönetimini üstlendi, ayrıca ud ve viyolonsel dersleri verdi. Ardından Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi haline getirilen bu kuruluşun tiyatro ve heykel bölümlerini açtı. 1948’de geçirdiği bir rahatsızlık sonucu İstanbul’a döndü. Aynı yıl Hüseyin Sadettin Arel’in istifasıyla boşalan İstanbul Belediye Konservatuvarı ilmî kurul başkanlığına getirildiyse de 1951’de yine sağlık sebebiyle bu görevinden istifa etti. 8 Nisan 1950’de Safiye Ayla ile evlendi. Zarif ve mütevazi kişiliğiyle tanınan Şerif Muhittin 13 Eylül 1967 tarihinde vefat etti ve Zincirlikuyu Asrî Mezarlığı’na defnedildi. Ağabeyi Şerif Abdülmecit Targan da (ö. 1965) kemanî, viyolonselist ve piyanisttir.
Türk mûsikisinin Batılı anlamda yetiştirdiği en büyük ud virtüozu kabul edilen Targan’ın mûsiki kabiliyeti ailesi tarafından küçük yaşlarda farkedilmesine rağmen derslerine engel olacağı endişesiyle bu dönemde düzenli mûsiki eğitimi alamamış, evlerinde düzenlenen haftalık mûsiki toplantıları sayesinde mûsikiyle tanışmıştır. Dört beş yaşlarında iken duyduğu melodileri piyanoda yalnız başına çalmaya gayret etmiş, on üç yaşlarına doğru gizlice ud çalışmıştır. Daha sonra ailesi mûsiki çalışmalarına izin vermiştir. Kendi ifadesine göre mûsikiye ciddi olarak 1906 yılında amcası Ali Câbir Paşa’nın önerisiyle Beyoğlu’nda Mösyö Riki’den aldığı viyolonsel dersleriyle başlamış, bu dersleri daha sonra Klevder ve Eringer Triyanon’la devam ettirmiştir. Nasor adlı bir hocadan solfej, İskori adlı bir müzisyenden viyolonsel, armoni ve piyano dersleri almış, İskori’nin 31 Mart olayları üzerine ortadan kaybolmasıyla kendi kendine eğitimini sürdürmüştür. Bu arada Ali Rifat Bey’den (Çağatay) Türk mûsikisi klasiklerinden önemli fasıllar, Rauf Yektâ Bey’den nazariyat, Zekâizâde Hâfız Ahmet Efendi’den (Irsoy) makam ve usul öğrenmiştir.
Amerika’ya gittiğinin dördüncü günü piyanist ve bestekâr Leopold Godowsky’nin evinde ünlü keman sanatçılarının hazır bulunduğu bir toplantıda verdiği ud resitali onun için iyi bir referans olmuş, bu icraatın ardından onun udunun İtalyan virtüozu Pagannini’nin kemanıyla aynı düzeyde sayıldığı şeklinde yorumlar yapılmıştır. Amerika’da kaldığı süre içerisinde Başkan Roosevelt’in oğlu Archibald’dan büyük yakınlık gören Şerif Muhittin’in ilk dört yılı sanatını ilerletme ve kendine bir çevre oluşturma gayretiyle geçmiş, bu sırada Verdi Vasyer (veya Bedriş Vaşka) adlı müzisyenden aldığı viyolonsel dersleriyle kendini yetiştirmiştir. 13 Aralık 1928’de New York’un ünlü müzikholü Town Hall’de verdiği ud ve viyolonsel resitali müzik eleştirmenlerinin beğenisini kazanmış, daha sonra Boston, Detroit gibi pek çok şehirdeki resitalleri önemli birer sanat olayı şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. New York Times , New York Herald Tribune , Sunday Telegraph , Musical America gibi yayın organlarında Şerif Muhittin’in müziği hakkında yorumlar yayımlanmıştır.
Amerika dönüşü ilk konserini 4 Aralık 1934’te Beyoğlu’nda Fransız Tiyatrosu’nda veren Şerif Muhittin, eşi Safiye Ayla ile bazı hayır kurumları yararına verdiği konserler dışında sazıyla hiçbir toplu mûsiki icrasında yer almamış ve hiçbir sanatkâra eşlik etmemiştir. Dönemin en önemli viyola ustası Gaspar Cassado’nun çok takdir ettiği bir sanatkâr olmuş, viyolonselde gösterdiği başarının yanı sıra özellikle bu sazın kazandırdığı Batı tekniğini kullanarak çaldığı udda kendi üslûbunu geliştirmiş, ancak bu üslûbun klasik tavra aykırı düşmesinden dolayı udu gitar gibi çaldığı iddiasıyla eleştirilmiştir. Halbuki Şerif Muhittin, Ûdî Nevres’in tekniğini Ali Rifat Çağatay’dan alarak güçlü bir virtüozite ortaya koymuş, Ali Rifat Çağatay ud konusunda Şerif Muhittin’in kendisini çok aştığını söylemiştir.
Türk mûsikisi eserlerini Batı’ya da dinletebilmek için çok sesli armoniden ziyade kontrpuana dayanan, fakat aynı zamanda millî karakterini kaybetmeyen bir mûsikinin meydana getirilmesinin gerektiğini ifade etmiştir. Tamamen Batı tarzındaki beste anlayışının hâkim olduğu bir çalışmanın bazı yerlerine halk mûsikisi temaları yerleştirmek ve bunları armoni kurallarına uydurmak suretiyle çok sesli hale sokarak çağdaş Türk mûsikisi diye kabul ettirmeye çalışmanın zaman kaybından başka bir şey olamayacağını vurgulamıştır. Targan’ın Bağdat’ta kaldığı yıllarda Arap âleminin en ünlü ûdîleri arasında anılan Cemil ve Münir Beşîr kardeşlerle Selman Şükür adlı sanatkârı yetiştirdiği bilinmektedir.
Şerif Muhittin virtüozluğunun yanı sıra besteleriyle de tanınmıştır. Bestelediği yirmi beş civarındaki eserin sadece üçü şarkı formundadır. Saz mûsikisine ait eserleri arasında “Kapris, Koşan Çocuk, Kanatlarım Olsaydı, Teemmüller” gibi orijinal besteleriyle dügâh, ferahfezâ, hüzzam, uşşak saz semâileri en tanınmışlarıdır. İlk eseri Mehmed Âkif Ersoy’a ithaf ettiği hüzzam saz semâisidir. Eserin birinci ve ikinci hânesiyle teslimini on üç yaşında bestelemiş, üçüncü ve dördüncü hânelerini 1924’te tamamlamıştır. Şerif Muhittin’in son eseri sözleri Behçet Kemal Çağlar’a ait, “Ömrümün son şevki sensin başka bir yâr istemem” mısraıyla başlayan sûzinak şarkısı olup 1964’te Behçet Kemal Çağlar’ın isteği üzerine Safiye Ayla’nın vereceği bir konser için yirmi dört saat içerisinde bestelenmiştir. Klasik melodi yapısını kullandığı saz semâilerinin dışındaki saz eserleri daha çok Batı müziğine dayalı ud için bestelenen etütlerdir. Bu etütlerin Türk mûsikisinde belirli bir saz için bestelenmiş ilk eserler olduğu kabul edilir.
Arapça, Farsça, İngilizce ve Fransızca bilen ve av sporuna özel merakı bulunan Şerif Muhittin, aynı zamanda portre ve peyzajda önemli eserler vermiş bir ressamdır. Eserleri arasında yer alan Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan’ın iki portresinden biri Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi’nde, diğeri İstanbul Üniversitesi’ndedir. Şerif Muhittin’in Mehmed Âkif’le yakın arkadaşlığı vardı. Çamlıca’daki köşkünde yapılan haftalık mûsiki toplantılarına devam eden Mehmed Âkif, Safahat ’ın yedinci kitabı olan “Gölgeler”i “Şarkın Tek Dâhî-i San‘atı Şerif Muhyiddin Beyefendi’ye Hâtıra-i Ta‘zîm” sözleriyle ona ithaf etmiştir. Aynı bölümdeki “Sanatkâr” adlı manzume ile Safahat ’a alınmayan şiirler arasında yer alan “Şark’ın Yegâne Dâhî-i San‘atına” başlıklı şiirlerde, ayrıca Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı’nın Serâb-ı Ömrüm adlı eserindeki “Lisân-ı Gaybın Dâhi Şairi Şerif Muhiddin Beyefendi’ye” ve “Udun Tesiri” başlığıyla yazılan iki manzumede Şerif Muhittin konu edilmiştir. Onun teknik donanımıyla dikkati çeken, kendi bestelediği eserlerle zenginleştirdiği Ud Metodu adlı eseri yazılışından yetmiş beş yıl sonra Zeki Yılmaz tarafından yayımlanmıştır (İstanbul 1995). Şerif Muhittin’in özel koleksiyonundaki kitapları, bir kısım tabloları, Türk ve Batı mûsikisine ait çeşitli notaları vasiyeti üzerine Safiye Ayla tarafından Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’ne bağışlanmıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Mithat Cemal [Kuntay], Mehmed Akif: Hayatı-Seciyesi-Sanatı-Eserleri , İstanbul 1939, s. 217-220.
İbnülemin, Hoş Sadâ , s. 271-274.
Rahmi Kalaycıoğlu, Türk Musikisi Bestekârları Külliyatı Sayı 23: Şerif Muhiddin Targan , İstanbul 1969.
Jean-Claude Chabrier, “Un réformateur du ‘ud: Şerif Muhiddin”, Quand le crible était dans la paille: hommage à Pertev Naili Boratav (ed. R. Dor – M. Nicolas), Paris 1978, s. 133-150.
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M. Hakan Cevher, Şerif Muhiddin Targan: Hayatı-Besteciliği-Eserleri , İzmir 1993.
Cinuçen Tanrıkorur, Müzik Kimliğimiz Üzerine Düşünceler , İstanbul 1998, s. 357-362.
a.mlf., “Şerif Muhiddin Targan Musikimiz Hakkında Ne Düşünürdü?”, Hayat Tarih Mecmuası , sy. 8, İstanbul 1963, s. 13-14.
Özalp, Türk Mûsikîsi Tarihi , II, 111, 220-222.
Şerif Muhiddin Targan , İstanbul, ts. (Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Yayınları).
Halil Nadaroğlu, “Üstat Şerif Muhiddin Anlatıyor”, TMD , sy. 11 (1948), s. 18-19, 23-24.
[Ömer Rıza Doğrul], “Peygamber Efendimizin Necib Torunu Şerîf Muhiddin İstanbul Belediyesi Konservatuar Müdürlüğüne Getirildi. Ş. Muhiddin Kimdir?”, Yeni Selâmet , V/73, İstanbul 1949, s. 5, 16.
Nizamettin Nazif, “Şerif Muhittin”, Bizim Yıldızlar , sy. 10, İstanbul 1951, s. 3-10.
Kandemir, “Şerif Muhittin Anlatıyor”, Aydabir , sy. 7, İstanbul 1953, s. 37-42.
Tuğrul Hocaoğlu, “Klasik Türk Müziğinde Enstrümantal İcra ve Virtüozluk”, Musikişinas , sy. 3, İstanbul 1999, s. 66-69.
“Büyük Üstad, Müzisyen ve Ressam Şerif Muhiddin Targan”, Tombak , sy. 34, İstanbul 2000, s. 70-75.
Öztuna, BTMA , II, 377-378.
Mehmet Güntekin, “Targan, Şerif Muhiddin”, DBİst.A , VII, 210.
a.mlf., Şerif Muhiddin Targan , Kaf Müzik Basın Reklam Filmcilik San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. tarafından hazırlanan albüm kitapçığı.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2011 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 40. cildinde, 18-19 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.