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TERTÎBÜ’l-MEDÂRİK Skip to content Kādî İyâz’ın (ö. 544/1149) Mâlikî mezhebine dair fukaha tabakatı kitabı.
Tam adı Tertîbü’l-medârik ve taḳrîbü’l-mesâlik li-maʿrifeti aʿlâmi meẕhebi Mâlik olup fukaha tabakatı türünün Mâlikî mezhebi tarihindeki en tanınmış örneğidir. Müellif kitabın ismini girişte belirtmese de eş-Şifâʾ adlı eseri için yazdığı bir icâzetnâmede bu şekilde geçer (Makkarî, IV, 350). Ayrıca oğlu Ebû Abdullah Muhammed eserin ismini açıkça kaydetmiştir (et-Taʿrîf, s. 116; kitabın adının bazı kaynaklardaki farklı yazılışları için bk. Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, I, 31-32). Eser bir girişle dört bölümden meydana gelir. Kādî İyâz girişte kitabın yazılış amacı, kaynakları, tasnifi ve üslûbu ile Mâlikî mezhebinin yayıldığı coğrafya hakkında bilgi verir (Tertîbü’l-medârik [Rabat], I, 6-31). Asıl konuya giriş niteliğinde kaleme alınan mukaddimelerden oluşan ilk bölümde Medine’nin faziletleri, Medine ilim geleneği ve Medine âlimlerinin üstünlükleri, Medine icmâı, Medine ameli, Mâlikî mezhebini diğer mezheplerden üstün kılan yönleri ele alınır (a.g.e., I, 32-104). İkinci bölüm Mâlik b. Enes’in menâkıbına ayrılmıştır. Mâlik’in hayatı, kişiliği, sosyal ve siyasî ilişkilerinin yanında özellikle ilmî şahsiyeti ve fıkıh anlayışı, hadis ve fıkıh alanlarındaki eğitim faaliyetiyle başta el-Muvaṭṭaʾ olmak üzere eserlerine dair geniş bilgi verilir (a.g.e., I, 104; II, 169). Bu bölüm İmam Mâlik’ten hadis, fıkhî görüş ya da eserlerini rivayet eden hocaları, akranları ve öğrencilerinin adlarından oluşan altı tabakaya ayrılmış (ilk beşi bölgelere göre, sonuncusu alfabetik olarak tasnif edilmiş) bir listeyle sona erer (a.g.e., II, 170-224). Kādî İyâz, Mâlik’ten rivayette bulunan 1300’den fazla kişiyi tanıttığı Cemheretü ruvâti Mâlik adlı eserinden özetlediğini söylediği bu listede yaklaşık 1000 isme yer verdiğini belirtir.
Kitabın yaklaşık dörtte biri hacmindeki bu iki bölümün ardından Mâlikî fakihlerinin biyografilerine yer verilen bölümler gelir. Bu kısım, İmam Mâlik’in yaşadığı II. (VIII.) yüzyılın ortalarından VI. (XII.) yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar Hicaz’dan Endülüs’e İslâm dünyasının farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan ve Mâlikî mezhebinin gelişimine katkıda bulunan 1500’den fazla âlimin biyografisini içermektedir. İkinci bölümün sonundaki listede mevcut isimlerden Mâlik’e öğrencilik yapmış ve fakih olarak tanınmış olanlar onunla öğrencilik ilişkileri açısından üç tabakaya ayrılarak bu bölümde işlenir. Mâlik hayatta iken ilmiyle ön plana çıkan, ondan bir şekilde yararlanan ve kendisine yakın tarihlerde vefat edenler birinci tabakayı, uzun süre Mâlik’e öğrencilik yapan, onun fıkhını sonraki nesillere aktaran, 802-850 yılları arasında vefat etmiş olanlar ikinci tabakayı, hayatının son yıllarında Mâlik’in derslerine katılmakla birlikte daha çok onun öğrencilerinden yararlanan ve 829-862 yılları arasında vefat edenler üçüncü tabakayı teşkil eder. İkinci tabakada İmam Şâfiî’ye uzunca bir yer tahsis edilmesi dikkat çekicidir (a.g.e., III, 174-195). Mâlik’in fıkhını onun öğrencilerinden öğrenen ve 812-868 yılları arasında vefat edenlerle başlayıp yaklaşık üç buçuk asırlık dönemde yaşamış fakihlerin biyografilerini içeren dördüncü bölüm günümüze ulaşan Tertîbü’l-medârik nüshalarında on tabakaya ayrılmıştır. Ancak bir Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik nüshasında bu bölüm on birinci tabakayla sona ermektedir. Bu kısım son cildi neşreden Saîd Ahmed A‘râb tarafından kitaba dahil edilmiştir (a.g.e., VIII, 167-187). Kādî İyâz’ın girişte hocalarına ve kendi akranlarına yer vereceğini söylediği halde bunların mevcut nüshalarda bulunmaması, kitaba son şeklinin verilemediğini ya da mevcut nüshaların eksikliğini akla getirmekle birlikte eser üzerine ihtisar çalışması yapan İbn Alvân’a göre Mâlik’in hocalarını almamasının sebebi daha sonra onlar hakkında el-Ġunye adıyla müstakil bir kitap yazmış olmasıdır (neşredenin girişi, VIII, 1-2; Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, I, 33).
Üçüncü ve dördüncü bölümlerdeki tabakalardan her biri yaklaşık yarım yüzyıllık bir zaman dilimine tekabül etmekle beraber bir yüzyıl içinde yaşayan Mâlikî fakihlerinin hoca-talebe ilişkileri dikkate alınarak birbiriyle kesişim halindeki üç tabakaya ayrıldığı görülmektedir. Her tabakada yer alan âlimler kendi coğrafî bölgelerine göre tasnif edilmiş olup bölgeler içindeki biyografilerin dizilişinde sistematik bir yöntem benimsenmemiş, ancak mezhebe katkısıyla öne çıkanlar başta yer almıştır. Coğrafî bölgeler bütün tabakalarda şu sırayla tasnif edilmiştir: Medine, Hicaz/Mekke, Yemen, Irak ve diğer doğu illeri, Şam, Mısır (bazan Şam’dan önce), Tunus/Kayrevan, Kuzey Afrika’nın batı kesimi ve Fas, Endülüs. Bu tasnif büyük ölçüde Mâlik’in öğrencilerinin yayıldığı ve hocalarından aldıkları birikimi rivayet ettikleri bölgelerin kronolojik sıralamasını yansıtır. Bu bölgelerin tamamında Mâlik’in rivayet ve görüşlerini esas alan “sürekli” ilim ve fıkıh halkaları teşekkül etmediğinden bölgelerin isimleri bazı tabakalarda azalıp çoğalmaktaysa da Medine/Hicaz, Irak, Mısır, İfrîkıye ve Endülüs bütün tabakalarda öne çıkmaktadır. Mâlikî mezhebi tarihine dair eserlerde bu coğrafî tasnif esas alınarak mezhep içi ekollerden söz edilmektedir (meselâ bk. M. İbrâhim Ali, s. 62-81). Bu yaklaşım, Mâlik’in öğrencileriyle birlikte oluşan coğrafî bir ekolleşmeyi tesbit etmekle birlikte birebir coğrafî ekollerle eşleştirilemeyecek olan metodolojik farklılıkları ifade etmekte yetersiz, hatta yanıltıcıdır (Çavuşoğlu, s. 16-18, 65-67). Müellifin eş-Şifâʾ için Endülüs’te iken yazdığı 7 Muharrem 532 (25 Eylül 1137) tarihli icâzet kaydında icâzet verdiği kitapları arasında Tertîbü’l-medârik’i de sayması (Makkarî, IV, 350) eserin bu tarihten önce tamamlandığını göstermektedir. Kādî İyâz’ın fırsat bulamadığı için öğrencilerine okutamadığı (Ebû Abdullah Muhammed, s. 116) eserin müellif nüshası VIII. (XIV.) yüzyılda yaşamış Endülüslü fıkıh âlimi ve tarihçi Nübâhî’nin eline geçmiştir (Târîḫu ḳuḍâti’l-Endelüs, s. 32, 46).
Öğrencilik yıllarında yaklaşık bir yıl süren (507-508) Endülüs seyahati dışında memleketi Sebte’den hiç ayrılmamış ve doğuya gitmemiş olan Kādî İyâz’ın zengin bir kütüphanesinin bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Tertîbü’l-medârik’i yazarken daha önce telif edilen belli başlı tarih, ricâl ve tabakat kitaplarından faydalanmıştır. Girişte listesini verdiği, sayıları altmışa ulaşan bu kitaplardan (Tertîbü’l-medârik [Rabat], I, 8-14, 28-30) en çok yararlandıkları, İbn Ebû Düleym Abdullah b. Muhammed el-Kurtubî’nin Kitâbü’ṭ-Ṭabaḳāt fî men revâ ʿan Mâlik ve etbâʿihim min ehli’l-Emṣâr’ı, Darrâb el-Mısrî’nin er-Ruvât ʿan Mâlik’i, Ebû Abdullah Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Ömer et-Tüsterî’nin Menâḳıbü Mâlik’i ve Ebû İshak eş-Şîrâzî’nin Ṭabaḳātü’l-fuḳahâʾsı ile Muhammed b. Hâris el-Huşenî’nin bazı eserleridir (a.g.e., I, 6, 12; V, 269; VI, 150; sıkça atıf yaptığı diğer kaynaklar için bk. neşredenin girişi, VI, 5-6; Muhammed et-Tâlibî, s. 27). Öte yandan III. (IX.) yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Mâlikî fakihleri arasında hızla gelişen Şâfiî ve Hanefîler’e yönelik reddiye literatürü de Kādî İyâz’ın dolaylı kaynakları arasındadır (Tertîbü’l-medârik [Beyrut], neşredenin girişi, I, 27-28). Ancak bu eserlerin hiçbiri bir Mâlikî mezhebi tabakatı niteliği taşımadığından Kādî İyâz’ın eseri, türünün ilk ve en geniş kapsamlı örneğini teşkil ettiği gibi aynı zamanda Mâlikî mezhebini savunmak amacıyla yazılmış en önemli kaynak niteliği taşır (a.g.e., I, 28-29; Muhammed et-Tâlibî, s. 23, 41). Müellifin özellikle Mâlikî oluşları tartışmalı bazı Endülüslü ehl-i hadîs fakihlerini eserine dahil etmesi bir mezhep tabakatı meydana getirme gayretiyle açıklanabilir (Çavuşoğlu, s. 104-105, 118, 127-128). Kādî İyâz’ın hem giriş kısmında mezhebin itikadî yönü hakkında verdiği bilgiler hem kaydettiği bazı biyografiler (başta Ebü’l-Hasan el-Eş‘arî ve Bâkıllânî) hem de birçok Mâlikî fakihini Eş‘arîlik’le irtibatlandırmaya çalışması onun aynı zamanda bir Eş‘arî-Mâlikî tarihi yazmaya çalıştığına işaret etmekte ve eserini kelâm tarihi açısından da önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu yönüyle benzer bir çabayı Şâfiî mezhebi için gösteren Ebü’l-Kāsım İbn Asâkir ve Tâceddin es-Sübkî’ye öncülük ettiği söylenebilir.
Tertîbü’l-medârik üslûp ve metot açısından benzeri eserler arasında üstün niteliklere sahiptir. İyi bir tarihçi olduğu kadar hadisçiliğiyle de tanınan Kādî İyâz çok farklı kaynaklardan derlediği zengin malzemeyi bir hadisçi titizliğiyle işlemiş, kişiler hakkında ricâl tenkidi yöntemini kullanmış, isimlerin doğru tesbitine önem vermiş, ihtilâflara işaret edip değerlendirmeler yapmış, bilhassa Mâlikî fakihlerine yöneltilen eleştirilere cevap vermiştir. Öte yandan topladığı bilgileri kitabın amacı doğrultusunda ayıklayıp özetlemiş, zaman zaman daha geniş bilgi için diğer kitaplarına atıf yapmıştır (Tertîbü’l-medârik [Rabat], VIII, 83). Bu sebeple eser yazıldığı tarihten itibaren bütün tarih ve tabakat yazarlarının ilgisine mazhar olmuş, alanında temel kaynak kabul edilmiştir. İbn Ferhûn’un ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb’inden Muhammed Mahlûf’un Şeceretü’n-nûri’z-zekiyye’sine kadar yazılmış Mâlikî fukaha tabakatı literatürü Tertîbü’l-medârik’i esas alarak daha sonraki dönemlerde yaşamış isimleri ilâve etmek suretiyle meydana getirilmiştir. Kādî İyâz’ın Mağrib ülkelerinde yaygın olan, “İyâz olmasaydı Mağrib’in adı da kalmazdı” sözünde (a.g.e., neşredenin girişi, I, s. e) Tertîbü’l-medârik’in de önemli rolü olmalıdır.
Kütüphanelerde çok sayıda yazma nüshası bulunan Tertîbü’l-medârik iki defa yayımlanmıştır Ahmed Bekîr Mahmûd’un Tunus’ta mevcut dört nüshaya dayanarak yaptığı üç ciltlik neşir (Beyrut 1967-1968) eksik ve yetersiz, indeks kısmı da karışık ve kullanışsızdır. Fas Kralı II. Hasan’ın desteğiyle Fas Evkaf Bakanlığı tarafından gerçekleştirilen diğer neşrin I. cildi Muhammed b. Tâvît et-Tancî (Rabat 1965), II, III ve IV. ciltleri Abdülkādir es-Sahrâvî (Muhammediye 1966, 1968, 1970), V. cildi Muhammed b. Şerîfe (Muhammediye, 2. bs., 1983), VI, VII ve VIII. ciltleri Saîd Ahmed A‘râb (Muhammediye 1981; Tıtvân 1982-1983) tarafından hazırlanmıştır. On yedi yılda tamamlanan bu yayında Fas’ta bulunan altı nüsha ile Madrid nüshası kullanılmış, yedi ciltlik Madrid nüshasının tasnifi esas alınmakla birlikte bazı değişiklikler yapılmış (Tertîbü’l-medârik [Rabat], neşredenin girişi, IV, s. h), ayrıca Rabat el-Hizânetü’l-Haseniyye’de kayıtlı (nr. 672) bir Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik nüshasındaki ilâveler kitabın sonuna eklenmiştir (a.g.e., VIII, 167-210). IV ve V. ciltler dışındaki her cildin sonunda indeks bulunmakla birlikte Juan Castilla Tertîbü’l-medârik’te yer alan Endülüslüler için müstakil bir indeks hazırlamıştır (Índices del Tartīb al-Madārik: Biografías de Andalusíes, Madrid 1992). Öte yandan Muhammed et-Tâlibî eserden sadece Tunuslular’a ait 173 biyografiyi bir araya getirip yayımlamıştır (Terâcim Aġlebiyye müstaḫrece min Medâriki’l-Ḳāḍî Iyâz: Biographies aghlabides extraites des Madarik du Cadi ‘Iyad, Tunis 1968). Eserine Fransızca bir giriş yazan Tâlibî Tertîbü’l-medârik’in on bir farklı yazmasını kullanmış ve bunları diğer kaynaklarla mukayese ederek neşrettiği biyografileri âdeta yeniden inşa etmiştir (Pellat, XVII/1 [Leiden], s. 95-96). Benzer bir çalışmayı Kāsım Ali Sa‘d eserdeki bütün biyografiler için yapmıştır (Cemheretü terâcimi’l-fuḳahâʾi’l-Mâlikiyye: el-Ḥalḳatü’l-ûlâ ricâlü’l-Mâlikiyye min Kitâbi Tertîbi’l-medârik, Dübey 1423/2002). Fas neşrinin sonuna eklenen on birinci tabakadaki şahısları almayan ve Kādî İyâz’ın bir biyografi içinde yer verdiği şahsın ailesinden olan bazı kimseler için müstakil biyografiler oluşturan Kāsım Ali, toplam 1477 biyografiyi alfabetik sıralamış ve her birinin Tertîbü’l-medârik’teki tabakasına işaret etmiştir. Ayrıca biyografilerin içeriğini özetlemiş, başka kaynaklarla mukayese etmiş ve zaman zaman bu kaynaklarda verilen bilgileri tercih etmiştir. Neşirler arasında isim ve nisbelerin yazılışlarındaki farklılıkların ötesinde önemli muhteva farklılıkları bulunduğundan Tertîbü’l-medârik’ten daha sağlıklı biçimde yararlanabilmek için Tâlibî ve Kāsım Ali’nin çalışmalarına da başvurulmalıdır. Fas neşrindeki üçüncü tabakanın önemli bir kısmı ile (150 biyografi) dördüncü tabakanın tamamı eksik olan Ahmed Bekîr neşrinde toplam dokuz tabaka bulunur. Eser üzerinde çalışanların kanaatine göre bunun sebebi mevcut yazmalar arasındaki farklılıklar, bunların kaynağı da Kādî İyâz’ın eserini öğrencilerine okutmamış ve yeterince tashih edememiş olmasıdır. Ayrıca Kādî İyâz’ın yazısının bozuk ve okunaksız (İbn Ferhûn, s. 292), mevcut nüshaların da çok geç tarihli oluşu buna ilâve edilebilir (Muhammed et-Tâlibî, s. 43-50; Pellat, XVII/1 [1970], s. 95-97; Tertîbü’l-medârik [Rabat], neşredenin girişi, I, s. kh-kt; VIII, 167, ayrıca neşredenin girişi, s. 2). Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, eserin neşirlerinde mevcut ciddi hataların Tertîbü’l-medârik ve muhtasarlarına ait bütün nüshalar üzerinde yapılacak titiz bir çalışmayla giderilebileceğini kaydeder (Cemhere, I, 19-20, 41-42).
Muhtasarları. 1. İbn Hammâd (Hamâduh) el-Burnusî es-Sebtî, Muḫtaṣaru Tertîbi’l-medârik. Kādî İyâz’ın akranı ve öğrencisi olan İbn Hammâd’ın bu çalışmayı Kādî İyâz’ın sağlığında muhtemelen 530’lu yıllarda (1135-1144) yaptığı anlaşılmaktadır (a.g.e., I, 33, 51). Ezher Kütüphanesi’nde bir nüshası bulunan eserde (nr. 208 [6097]; a.g.e., I, 44-45) İbn Hammâd tarafından Kādî İyâz’a nisbet edilen, ancak mevcut Tertîbü’l-medârik nüshalarında bulunmayan on birinci tabaka ile kendisinin eklediği zeyil niteliğindeki on ikinci tabakanın yanı sıra bazı ilâve biyografiler de bulunmaktadır. Kādî İyâz’dan sonraki en meşhur Mâlikî tabakat yazarı olan İbn Ferhûn, İḫtiṣârü’l-Medârik adıyla kaydettiği bu eseri temel kaynakları arasında sayar (ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb, s. 445). Eser, İbn Hamîs Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Ensârî el-Endelüsî tarafından Menhecü’s-sâlik fi’ḫtiṣâri Muḫtaṣari’l-Medârik adıyla ihtisar edilmiştir (Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, I, 60). 2. Ebû Abdullah Muhammed b. Reşîḳ el-Endelüsî, Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik. İbn Hammâd’ın muhtasarından faydalanılarak kaleme alındığı anlaşılan bu eser de İbn Ferhûn’un kaynakları içinde ilk sırada yer alır (ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb, s. 445). İbn Ferhûn’un Tertîbü’l-medârik’i değil İbn Reşîḳ’in Muḫtaṣar’ını esas aldığı ve İbn Hammâd’ın eserinden de yararlandığı anlaşılmaktadır (Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, I, 52-54). Rabat el-Hizânetü’l-Haseniyye’de kayıtlı (nr. 672) müellifi belli olmayan ve içerdiği ilâve kısımlar Saîd Ahmed A‘râb tarafından İbn Hammâd’a nisbet edilerek Tertîbü’l-medârik’in sonuna eklenen Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik nüshası Kāsım Ali Sa‘d’a göre İbn Reşîḳ’in Muḫtaṣar’ına aittir (a.g.e., I, 53). 3. Ebû Muhammed Abdullah b. Sehl el-Kudâî, Mülaḫḫaṣ min tertîbi Muḫtaṣari’l-Medârik (Tertîbü Muḫtaṣari’l-Medârik ve iḫtiṣâruh). Bazı kaynaklarda İḫtiṣârü’l-Medârik, Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik isimleriyle de kaydedilen eser İbn Hammâd’ın veya İbn Reşîḳ’in Muḫtaṣar’ı üzerine yapılmış bir çalışma olup biyografiler önce alfabetik, ardından tabaka esasına göre yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Princeton Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’nde bir nüshası bulunmaktadır (a.g.e., I, 61-63; Mach, s. 401). 4. Ebü’l-Abbas Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Alvân el-Mısrî, Muḫtaṣarü’l-Medârik. 5. İbn Karâ Şehâbeddin Ahmed b. Ömer el-Hârizmî ed-Dımaşkī, el-Münteḳā mine’l-Medârik. Tertîbü’l-medârik’in giriş kısımlarıyla rastgele seçilmiş bazı biyografilerin özetlendiği eserin bir nüshası Dârü’l-kütübi’z-Zâhiriyye’de kayıtlıdır (nr. 3863; Hâlid er-Reyyân, II, 695). 6. Necmeddin İbn Fehd, Tertîbü esmâʾi terâcimi’l-Medârik. Eserdeki biyografiler, Mâlik’in öğrencileri ve diğerleri şeklinde iki bölüm halinde alfabetik sırayla yeniden tasnif edilmiştir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Kādî İyâz, Tertîbü’l-medârik (nşr. Ahmed Bekîr Mahmûd), I-III, Beyrut 1967-68, neşredenin girişi, I, 7-38; a.e. (nşr. Muhammed b. Tâvît et-Tancî v.dğr.), I-VIII, Rabat 1965-83, I, 3-193; ayrıca bk. Muhammed b. Tâvît et-Tancî’nin girişi, s. e-lc; II, 13-225; ayrıca bk. Abdülkādir es-Sahrâvî’nin girişi, s. e-d; III, 174-195; Abdülkādir es-Sahrâvî’nin girişi, IV, s. h; V, 269; VI, 150; ayrıca bk. Saîd Ahmed A‘râb’ın girişi, s. 3-8; VII, Saîd Ahmed A‘râb’ın girişi, s. 3-4; VIII, 83, 167-210; ayrıca bk. Saîd Ahmed A‘râb’ın girişi, s. 1-3; Muhammed b. Hâris el-Huşenî, Aḫbârü’l-fuḳahâʾ ve’l-muḥaddis̱în (nşr. M. L. Ávila – L. Molina), Madrid 1992, İspanyolca bl., s. XXXIV; Ebû Abdullah Muhammed, et-Taʿrîf bi’l-Ḳāḍî ʿİyâż (nşr. Muhammed b. Şerîfe), Muhammediye 1402/1982, s. 116; Nübâhî, Târîḫu ḳuḍâti’l-Endelüs (nşr. Meryem Kāsım Tavîl), Beyrut 1415/1995, s. 32, 46; Burhâneddin İbn Ferhûn, ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb (nşr. Me’mûn b. Muhyiddin el-Cennân), Beyrut 1417/1996, s. 292, 445; Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Makkarî, Ezhârü’r-riyâż (nşr. Saîd Ahmed A‘râb – Muhammed b. Tâvît), Rabat 1398/1978, IV, 348-350; Mahlûf, Şeceretü’n-nûr, I, 226; Muhammed et-Tâlibî (M. Talbi), Terâcim Aġlebiyye müstaḫrece min Medâriki’l-Ḳāḍî ʿİyâż: Biographies aghlabides extraites des Madarik du Cadi ‘Iyad, Tunus 1968, Fransızca bl., s. 23-50; Hâlid er-Reyyân, Fihrisü maḫṭûṭati Dâri’l-kütübi’ẓ-Ẓâhiriyye: et-Târîḫ ve mülḥaḳātüh, Dımaşk 1393/1973, II, 695; R. Mach, Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts (Yahuda Section) in the Garrett Collection Princeton University Library, Princeton-New Jersey 1977, s. 401; Beşîr Ali Hamed et-Türâbî, el-Ḳāḍî ʿİyâż ve cühûdüh fî ʿilmeyi’l-ḥadîs̱: Rivâye ve dirâye, Beyrut 1417/1997, s. 157, 415-430; Muhammed el-Beşîr Zâfir el-Ezherî, el-Yevâḳītü’s̱-s̱emîne, Kahire 1420/2000, s. 7-10; M. İbrâhim Ali, Iṣṭılâḥu’l-meẕheb ʿinde’l-Mâlikiyye, Dübey 1421/2000, s. 62-81; Kāsım Ali Sa‘d, Cemheretü terâcimi’l-fuḳahâʾi’l-Mâlikiyye, Dübey 1423/2002, I, 16-111; Ali Hakan Çavuşoğlu, Irak Mâlikî Ekolü (III.-V./IX.-XI. yy.) (doktora tezi, 2004), MÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, s. 16-18, 65-67, 104-105, 118, 127-128; Ch. Pellat, “al-Qadi Iyad, Tartib al-madārik wa-taqrib al-masālik li ma’rifat a’lām madhab Mâlik”, Arabica, XVII/1, Leiden 1970, s. 95-97.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2011 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 40. cildinde, 518-520 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.