The preliminary study on the antifungal effect of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) peel extract against Malassezia furfur

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 486 – 493, 29.08.2024

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1395562

Öz

Pityriasis versicolor is one of the most common fungal infections on the skin caused by Malassezia furfur. Kaffir lime fruit (Citrus hystrix DC), especially its peels’ contents in secondary metabolite, may play a healing role against such infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal potential of Kaffir lime peel extract against Malassezia furfur. Ethanol extracts of the peels of Kaffir lime were tested for its antifungal properties against Malassezia furfur at different tested concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Every treatment was performed with 4 replications. Inhibition zone formed surrounding the paper disc measured after 24 hours of incubation using the caliper method. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney Post hoc test. The study revealed that the kaffir lime fruit extract gave a significant effect on the inhibition zone (p< 0.05). The results showed that the higher inhibition zone was found at control group and it was different significantly from other treatments. However, among the tested concentrations, the best treatment was detected at a concentration of 100%, which was significantly different from other concentrations. Kaffir lime peel has an antifungal effect against Malassezia furfur and the best tested concentration was 100%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antifungal Inhibition zone, Kaffir lime peels, Malassezia furfur

Kaynakça

  • Agusrimansyah, K., Soleha, T.U., Gita Mutiara, U., & Juli. (2019). Perbandingan Efektivitas Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) dan Buah Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Malassezia furfur. Repository. Lppm. Unila. Ac. Id, 9(1), 71.
  • Al Aboody, S.M., & Mickymaray, S. (2020). Antibiotics Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids. Antibiotics, 9(45), 25–26.
  • Alastruey-Izquierdo A, M.M., LX, B., & JL, R.-T. (2015). Susceptibility test for fungi: clinical and laboratorial correlations in medical mycology. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 57(19), 60.
  • Amalia, A., Sari, I., & Nursanty, R. (2017). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Jurnal UIN Ar-Raniry, 5(1), 390.
  • Anggraini, W., Nisa, S.C., Da, R.R., & Ma, B. (2019). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 96 % buah blewah ( cucumis melo l . Var . Antibacterial activity of 96 % ethanol extract cantaloupe fruit ( cucumis melo l . Var . Cantalupensis ) against escherichia coli bacteria. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 5(1), 61–66.
  • Apsari, A.S., & Adiguna, S. (2013). Resistensi Antijamur dan Strategi Untuk Mengatasi. Journal of Media Dermato-Venerologica Indonesia, 40(2), 89–95.
  • Ariana, D. (2018). Perbedaan Zona Hambat Terhadap Jamur Malassezia Furfur Antara Pemberian Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn) Dengan Ekstrak Kulit Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn). The Journal of Muhammadiyah Medical Laboratory Technologist, 1(2), 166–167. https://doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v1i2.1501
  • Arifin, Z., Khotimah, S., & Rahmayanti, S. (2018). Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Mangga Bacang ( Mangifera foetida L .) terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro. Jurnal Cerebellum, 4(3), 1114.
  • Celis, A.M., Vos, A.M., Triana, S., Medina, C.A., Escobar, N., Restrepo, S., Wösten, H.A.B., & de Cock, H. (2017). Highly efficient transformation system for Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 134, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.001
  • Choirunnisa, G.N., Kurniati, I.D., & Ratnaningrum, K. (2022). Antimicrobial potential of Kaffir Lime ( Citrus hystrix D.C) peel extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Saintika Medika, 18(1), 18–27.
  • Dhamgaye, S., Devaux, F., Vandeputte, P., Khandelwal, N.K., Sanglard, D., Mukhopadhyay, G., & Prasad, R. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of action of herbal antifungal alkaloid berberine, in Candida Albicans. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e104554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104554
  • Dong, S., Yang, X., Zhao, L., Fengxiang Zhang, Z.H., & Xue, P. (2020). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Industrial Crops and Products. Industrial Crops and Product, 149, July 2020, 112350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350
  • Ernawati, & Sari, K. (2015). Kandungan Senywa Kimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana P.Mill) Terhadap Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 3(2), 207–208. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v3i2.1043
  • Georgios Gaitanis, P.M., Hantschke, M., Bassukas, I.D., & Velegraki, A. (2012). The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-11
  • Gupta, A.K., & Foley, K.A. (2015). Antifungal treatment for pityriasis versicolor. Journal of Fungi, 1(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof1010013
  • Halawa, C.W.D., Mendrofa, E., & Lubis, Y. (2019). Uji Efektivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus Hystrix) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Aspergillus Niger Dan Candida Albicans. Jurnal Biosains, 5(1), 39–41. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v5i1.12313
  • Helou, J., Obeid, G., Moutran, R., & Maatouk, I. (2014). Pityriasis versicolor: a case of resistance to treatment. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(2), 114.
  • Julianto, T.S. (2019). Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining Fitokimia. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia. https://chemistry.uii.ac.id/Tatang/Fitokimia.pdf
  • Khafidhoh, Z., Dewi, S.S., & Iswara, A. (2015). Efektivitas Infusa Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Penyebab Sariawan Secara in vitro. Jurnal Medika Veterinaria, 7(2), 31–32. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.med.vet..v7i2.2951
  • Lee, S.-H., Jang, Y.-B., Choi, Y., Lee, Y., Shin, B.N., Lee, H.-S., Lee, J.-S., & Bahn, Y.-S. (2023). Adenylyl-Sulfate Kinase (Met14)-Dependent Cysteine and Methionine Biosynthesis Pathways Contribute Distinctively to Pathobiological Processes in Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology Spectrum, 11, e00685 23. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00685-23
  • Lely, N., & Rahmanisah, D. (2017). Uji Daya Hambat Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga Linn) Terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 19(2), 94–99.
  • Madduluri, S., Babu Rao, K., & Sitaram, B. (2013). In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of five indigenous plants extract against five bacterial pathogens of human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(4), 683.
  • Masloman, A.P., Pangemanan, D.H. ., & Anindita, P. (2016). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona murcata L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 5(4), 61–68.
  • Maulana, R., Zulfa, F., & Setyaningsih, Y. (2020). Uji efektivitas ekstrak kulit pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var Sapientum L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Trichophyton rubrum secara in vitro. Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran, 1(1), 1 7. https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/sensorik/article/view/426
  • Mulyadi, M., Wuryanti, W., & Sarjono, P.R. (2017). Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Kadar Sampel Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dalam Etanol Melalui Metode Difusi Cakram. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 20(3), 130 135. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.20.3.130-135
  • Porsche, F.M., Molitor, D., Beyer, M., Charton, S., André, C., & Kollar, A. (2018). Antifungal activity of saponins from the fruit pericarp of sapindus mukorossi against venturia inaequalis and botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 102(5), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-17-0906-RE
  • Purwanti, N.U., & Susanti, R. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antifungal Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Acorus sp. Jurnal Kesehatan Khatulistiwa, 2(1), 262.
  • Pusung, A.V., Suling, P.L., & Niode, N.J. (2021). Efektivitas Pengobatan Topikal pada Pitiriasis Versikolor. E-CliniC, 9(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v9i1.32119
  • Rachmatiah, T., & Octaviani, R. (2022). Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 15(2), 57 64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v15i2.1288
  • Ramadhani, S.L.N., Napiah, A.N., & Wahyuni, S.N. (2021). An Experiment for Extracted Citrus Hystrix Leaf Effectiveness on Pityrosporum Ovale Fungi Growth. Himbep, 2020, 294–295. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010352902910295
  • Rusmiati, R., Suwanta, D.N.P., Ipmawati, P.A., & Marlik, M. (2023). The Use of Kaffir Lime Peel Filtrate (Citrus Hystrix) in Reducing The Number of Cutlery Germs. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 22(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.22.1.55-59
  • Sari, D.P., Nahzi, M.Y.I., & Budiarti, L.Y. (2017). Efektivitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak Terstandarisasi Fenol Terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus Faecalis. Dentino Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, 1(1), 56–61.
  • Serpa, R., França, E.J.G., Furlaneto-Maia, L., Andrade, C.G.T.J., Diniz, A., & Furlaneto, M.C. (2012). In vitro antifungal activity of the flavonoid baicalein against Candida species. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 61(12), 1704 1708. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.047852-0
  • Silvia, Savante, A., & Muhamad, A.W. (2015). Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Daun Soma (Ploiarium alternifolium Melch) Terhadap Jamur Malassezia furfur dan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 4(3), 84-93.
  • Subaryanti, S., Melasari, F., & Zainuddin, R. (2022). Potensi Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans dan Candida tropicalis. Sainstech Farma, 15(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v15i1.1107
  • Susilawati, S., Anwar, C., Saleh, I., & Salni, S. (2023). Flavonoid as Anti-Candida Agents. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 8(2), 88 97. https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v8.i2.88
  • Swandiyasa, K., Puspawati, N.M., & Asih, I.A.R.A. (2019). Potensi Ekstrak Daun Cendana (Santalum album L.) Sebagai Senyawa Penghambat Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Kimia, 13(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i02.p06
  • Tanzil, L., Latirah, L., & Nugroho, P.D. (2017). Antidandruff Activityof Extracts From Kaffir Lime (Citrus Hystrix Dc.) Prepared By Different Solvents. Sanitas: Jurnal Teknologi Dan Seni Kesehatan, 8(1), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2017.9

The preliminary study on the antifungal effect of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) peel extract against Malassezia furfur

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 486 – 493, 29.08.2024

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1395562

Öz

Pityriasis versicolor is one of the most common fungal infections on the skin caused by Malassezia furfur. Kaffir lime fruit (Citrus hystrix DC), especially its peels’ contents in secondary metabolite, may play a healing role against such infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal potential of Kaffir lime peel extract against Malassezia furfur. Ethanol extracts of the peels of Kaffir lime were tested for its antifungal properties against Malassezia furfur at different tested concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Every treatment was performed with 4 replications. Inhibition zone formed surrounding the paper disc measured after 24 hours of incubation using the caliper method. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney Post hoc test. The study revealed that the kaffir lime fruit extract gave a significant effect on the inhibition zone (p< 0.05). The results showed that the higher inhibition zone was found at control group and it was different significantly from other treatments. However, among the tested concentrations, the best treatment was detected at a concentration of 100%, which was significantly different from other concentrations. Kaffir lime peel has an antifungal effect against Malassezia furfur and the best tested concentration was 100%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antifungal Inhibition zone, Kaffir lime peels, Malassezia furfur

Kaynakça

  • Agusrimansyah, K., Soleha, T.U., Gita Mutiara, U., & Juli. (2019). Perbandingan Efektivitas Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) dan Buah Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Malassezia furfur. Repository. Lppm. Unila. Ac. Id, 9(1), 71.
  • Al Aboody, S.M., & Mickymaray, S. (2020). Antibiotics Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids. Antibiotics, 9(45), 25–26.
  • Alastruey-Izquierdo A, M.M., LX, B., & JL, R.-T. (2015). Susceptibility test for fungi: clinical and laboratorial correlations in medical mycology. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 57(19), 60.
  • Amalia, A., Sari, I., & Nursanty, R. (2017). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Jurnal UIN Ar-Raniry, 5(1), 390.
  • Anggraini, W., Nisa, S.C., Da, R.R., & Ma, B. (2019). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 96 % buah blewah ( cucumis melo l . Var . Antibacterial activity of 96 % ethanol extract cantaloupe fruit ( cucumis melo l . Var . Cantalupensis ) against escherichia coli bacteria. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 5(1), 61–66.
  • Apsari, A.S., & Adiguna, S. (2013). Resistensi Antijamur dan Strategi Untuk Mengatasi. Journal of Media Dermato-Venerologica Indonesia, 40(2), 89–95.
  • Ariana, D. (2018). Perbedaan Zona Hambat Terhadap Jamur Malassezia Furfur Antara Pemberian Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn) Dengan Ekstrak Kulit Umbi Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum Linn). The Journal of Muhammadiyah Medical Laboratory Technologist, 1(2), 166–167. https://doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v1i2.1501
  • Arifin, Z., Khotimah, S., & Rahmayanti, S. (2018). Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Mangga Bacang ( Mangifera foetida L .) terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro. Jurnal Cerebellum, 4(3), 1114.
  • Celis, A.M., Vos, A.M., Triana, S., Medina, C.A., Escobar, N., Restrepo, S., Wösten, H.A.B., & de Cock, H. (2017). Highly efficient transformation system for Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 134, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.001
  • Choirunnisa, G.N., Kurniati, I.D., & Ratnaningrum, K. (2022). Antimicrobial potential of Kaffir Lime ( Citrus hystrix D.C) peel extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Saintika Medika, 18(1), 18–27.
  • Dhamgaye, S., Devaux, F., Vandeputte, P., Khandelwal, N.K., Sanglard, D., Mukhopadhyay, G., & Prasad, R. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of action of herbal antifungal alkaloid berberine, in Candida Albicans. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e104554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104554
  • Dong, S., Yang, X., Zhao, L., Fengxiang Zhang, Z.H., & Xue, P. (2020). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Industrial Crops and Products. Industrial Crops and Product, 149, July 2020, 112350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350
  • Ernawati, & Sari, K. (2015). Kandungan Senywa Kimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana P.Mill) Terhadap Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 3(2), 207–208. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v3i2.1043
  • Georgios Gaitanis, P.M., Hantschke, M., Bassukas, I.D., & Velegraki, A. (2012). The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-11
  • Gupta, A.K., & Foley, K.A. (2015). Antifungal treatment for pityriasis versicolor. Journal of Fungi, 1(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof1010013
  • Halawa, C.W.D., Mendrofa, E., & Lubis, Y. (2019). Uji Efektivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus Hystrix) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Aspergillus Niger Dan Candida Albicans. Jurnal Biosains, 5(1), 39–41. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v5i1.12313
  • Helou, J., Obeid, G., Moutran, R., & Maatouk, I. (2014). Pityriasis versicolor: a case of resistance to treatment. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(2), 114.
  • Julianto, T.S. (2019). Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining Fitokimia. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia. https://chemistry.uii.ac.id/Tatang/Fitokimia.pdf
  • Khafidhoh, Z., Dewi, S.S., & Iswara, A. (2015). Efektivitas Infusa Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Penyebab Sariawan Secara in vitro. Jurnal Medika Veterinaria, 7(2), 31–32. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.med.vet..v7i2.2951
  • Lee, S.-H., Jang, Y.-B., Choi, Y., Lee, Y., Shin, B.N., Lee, H.-S., Lee, J.-S., & Bahn, Y.-S. (2023). Adenylyl-Sulfate Kinase (Met14)-Dependent Cysteine and Methionine Biosynthesis Pathways Contribute Distinctively to Pathobiological Processes in Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology Spectrum, 11, e00685 23. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00685-23
  • Lely, N., & Rahmanisah, D. (2017). Uji Daya Hambat Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga Linn) Terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 19(2), 94–99.
  • Madduluri, S., Babu Rao, K., & Sitaram, B. (2013). In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of five indigenous plants extract against five bacterial pathogens of human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(4), 683.
  • Masloman, A.P., Pangemanan, D.H. ., & Anindita, P. (2016). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona murcata L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 5(4), 61–68.
  • Maulana, R., Zulfa, F., & Setyaningsih, Y. (2020). Uji efektivitas ekstrak kulit pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var Sapientum L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Trichophyton rubrum secara in vitro. Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran, 1(1), 1 7. https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/sensorik/article/view/426
  • Mulyadi, M., Wuryanti, W., & Sarjono, P.R. (2017). Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Kadar Sampel Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dalam Etanol Melalui Metode Difusi Cakram. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 20(3), 130 135. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.20.3.130-135
  • Porsche, F.M., Molitor, D., Beyer, M., Charton, S., André, C., & Kollar, A. (2018). Antifungal activity of saponins from the fruit pericarp of sapindus mukorossi against venturia inaequalis and botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 102(5), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-17-0906-RE
  • Purwanti, N.U., & Susanti, R. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antifungal Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Acorus sp. Jurnal Kesehatan Khatulistiwa, 2(1), 262.
  • Pusung, A.V., Suling, P.L., & Niode, N.J. (2021). Efektivitas Pengobatan Topikal pada Pitiriasis Versikolor. E-CliniC, 9(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v9i1.32119
  • Rachmatiah, T., & Octaviani, R. (2022). Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 15(2), 57 64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v15i2.1288
  • Ramadhani, S.L.N., Napiah, A.N., & Wahyuni, S.N. (2021). An Experiment for Extracted Citrus Hystrix Leaf Effectiveness on Pityrosporum Ovale Fungi Growth. Himbep, 2020, 294–295. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010352902910295
  • Rusmiati, R., Suwanta, D.N.P., Ipmawati, P.A., & Marlik, M. (2023). The Use of Kaffir Lime Peel Filtrate (Citrus Hystrix) in Reducing The Number of Cutlery Germs. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 22(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.22.1.55-59
  • Sari, D.P., Nahzi, M.Y.I., & Budiarti, L.Y. (2017). Efektivitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak Terstandarisasi Fenol Terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus Faecalis. Dentino Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi, 1(1), 56–61.
  • Serpa, R., França, E.J.G., Furlaneto-Maia, L., Andrade, C.G.T.J., Diniz, A., & Furlaneto, M.C. (2012). In vitro antifungal activity of the flavonoid baicalein against Candida species. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 61(12), 1704 1708. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.047852-0
  • Silvia, Savante, A., & Muhamad, A.W. (2015). Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Daun Soma (Ploiarium alternifolium Melch) Terhadap Jamur Malassezia furfur dan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 4(3), 84-93.
  • Subaryanti, S., Melasari, F., & Zainuddin, R. (2022). Potensi Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans dan Candida tropicalis. Sainstech Farma, 15(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v15i1.1107
  • Susilawati, S., Anwar, C., Saleh, I., & Salni, S. (2023). Flavonoid as Anti-Candida Agents. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 8(2), 88 97. https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v8.i2.88
  • Swandiyasa, K., Puspawati, N.M., & Asih, I.A.R.A. (2019). Potensi Ekstrak Daun Cendana (Santalum album L.) Sebagai Senyawa Penghambat Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Kimia, 13(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i02.p06
  • Tanzil, L., Latirah, L., & Nugroho, P.D. (2017). Antidandruff Activityof Extracts From Kaffir Lime (Citrus Hystrix Dc.) Prepared By Different Solvents. Sanitas: Jurnal Teknologi Dan Seni Kesehatan, 8(1), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2017.9

Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Biyoteknolojisi
BölümMakaleler
Yazarlar

Mulyati Sri Rahayu Universitas Malikussaleh 0000-0001-7480-2485 Indonesia

Wizar Putri Mellaratna Universitas Malikussaleh, 0000-0002-5945-8898 Indonesia

Nailah Najah universitas malikussaleh 0009-0001-6286-8687 Indonesia

Erken Görünüm Tarihi6 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi29 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi24 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi19 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APASri Rahayu, M., Mellaratna, W. P., & Najah, N. (2024). The preliminary study on the antifungal effect of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) peel extract against Malassezia furfur. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(3), 486-493. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1395562

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