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The Rise of Kidnappings in South Africa: Challenges for Law Enforcement Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 15 – 32, 31.07.2024
Victor Mlambo Eric Blanco Niyitunga
https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1445683
Öz Bu makale Güney Afrika’da kaçırma olaylarının artışını incelemektedir. Amacı ise kolluk kuvvetlerinin hızla önemli bir toplumsal sorun haline gelen bu problemi ele alırken karşılaştıkları zorlukları yansıtmaktır. Bu makale, anlatısal literatür incelemesi kullanarak veri toplama tekniği olarak ikincil verileri kullanmıştır. Rasyonel seçim teorisi teorik bir mercek olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular göstermiştir ki Güney Afrika’daki kaçırma olaylarına yoksulluk, eşitsizlik, işsizlik ve fidye ücretlerinden milyonlarca dolar kazanan suç örgütlerinin büyümesi ve konsolidasyonu gibi çeşitli sorunlar yön vermektedir. Güney Afrika kolluk kuvvetleri, kaçırma vakalarını ele almada ilerleme kaydettiğini iddia etse de, halkın güvensizliği, destek eksikliği ve kaçırma vakalarının yeterince bildirilmemesi gibi önemli zorluklarla karşı karşıyalardır ki bu da sorunun ele alınmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Güney Afrika, mevzuatın bu sorunu etkili bir şekilde ele almasını sağlamak için baskı altındadır. Bu nedenle ülkenin, artan kaçırma olaylarına yanıt vermede sorunsuz koordinasyonu sağlamak için toplum polisi forumları, toplum ve diğer ilgili paydaşlarla yakın bir şekilde çalışacak uzmanlaşmış kaçırma birimleri kurması ve bunları yetkilendirmesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, polis teşkilatı içindeki yolsuzlukların ortadan kaldırılması sorunun çözümünde etkili bir tedbir olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Kalkınma, Polis, Kaçırma, Yolsuzluk
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Hall & J. de A. da Cruz (Eds.), Xenophobia and nativism in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean (pp. 145-174). Routledge. Pharoah, R. (2005). An unknown quantity: Kidnapping for ransom in South Africa: An unknown quantity. South African Crime Quarterly, 14, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2005/v0i14a1007 Singh, D. (2022). The causes of police corruption and working towards prevention in conflict-stricken states. Laws, 11(5), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11050069 Stiftung, H. B., & Schönenberg, R. (2013). Transnational organized crime: Analyses of a global challenge to democracy. Transcript, Political Science. Uzorma, P. N., & Nwanegbo-Ben, J. (2014). Challenges of hostage-taking and kidnapping in the South-Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 2(6), 131-142. Wilson, J. (2020). Transnational crime. In A. Lautensach & S. Lautensach (Eds.), Human security in world affairs: Problems and opportunities (pp. 413-430). Pressbooks. Internet Sources A Look Ahead: Strategies for Putting Public Safety First. (2023). Stand Together Trust. https://standtogether.org/stories/criminal-justice/public-safety-solutions-why-we-need-to-put-public-safety-first AFP. (2022). In South Africa, ransom kidnappings are on the rise. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/28/ransom-kidnappings-add-to-s-africas-crime-woes Bad Cops: Global Case Studies of Police Involvement in Kidnap for Ransom and Extortion. (2019). Bad cops: Global case studies of police involvement in kidnap for ransom and extortion. S-RM Intelligence. https://gsi.s-rminform.com/articles/bad-cops-global-case-studies-of-police-involvement-in-kidnap-for-ransom-and-extortion Bell, A. (2019). A guide to kidnap and ransom insurance coverage. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/062915/guide-kidnap-ransom-insurance-coverage.asp Boreham, M. (2022). Kidnapping for business and the business of kidnapping. NewAfrican. https://newafricanmagazine.com/28466/ Brooks & Baez. (2021). What is the difference between kidnapping and abduction? Brooks & Baez. https://www.brooksbaez.com/blog/2021/11/what-is-the-difference-between-kidnapping-and-abduction/ Bundy, C. (2020). Poverty and inequality in South Africa: A history. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-659?rskey=mvdrRx&result=1 Busari, B. (2023). Over 4,000 kidnap cases recorded in South Africa in 2022. Vanguard. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/02/over-4000-kidnap-cases-recorded-in-south-africa-in-2022/#:~:text=About%204%2C028%20kidnap%20cases%20were,of%20crimes%20in%20the%20country Cowling, N. (2023). Number of kidnappings in South Africa 2022/2023, by province. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1400928/number-of-kidnappings-in-south-africa-by-province/ Crime and Development in Africa. (2005). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/African_report.pdf Daniel, L. (2022). South Africa’s latest crime stats: Murder on the rise, shows ten-year trend. The South African. https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/south-africa-murder-rate-latest-crime-statistics-2020/ Dean, L., & Procelli, M. (2022). Adapting to evolving kidnapping trends. ASIS International. https://www.asisonline.org/security-management-magazine/articles/2020/04/adapting-to-evolving-kidnapping-trends/ Dlamini, K. (2023). Sa not fighting hard enough against organised crime. Corruption Watch. https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/sa-not-fighting-hard-enough-against-organised-crime/ Etheridge, J. (2019). Crime stats: Kempton Park is the kidnapping capital of SA. News24. https://www.news24.com/news24/crime-stats-kempton-park-is-the-kidnapping-capital-of-sa-20190912 Feature-Kidnap and Ransom: Negotiating Lives for Cash. (2011). Feature-Kidnap and ransom: Negotiating lives for cash. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/crime-kidnap-ransom-idUSLDE71D28A20110217 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. (2022). Strategic organized crime risk assessment: South Africa. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GI-TOC-Strategic-Organized-Crime-Risk-Assessment-South-Africa.pdf Goodman, S. (2017). End of apartheid in South Africa? Not in economic terms. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/business/south-africa-economy-apartheid.html Grant, L., & Ritchie, G. (2022). SA kidnappings surge to over 1 000 a month in 2022. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/news/2022-10-10-sa-kidnappings-surge-to-over-1-000-a-month-in-2022/ Ibekwem, N., & Alabi, M. (2021). Special report: Inside Nigeria’s worsening kidnap-for-ransom scourge (1). Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/487509-special-report-inside-nigerias-worsening-kidnap-for-ransom-scourge-1.html?tztc=1 Kidnap for Ransom in 2022. (2022). Kidnap for ransom in 2022. Control Risks. https://www.controlrisks.com/our-thinking/insights/kidnap-for-ransom-in-2022 Kidnapping, the Industry Bringing Nigeria to Its Knees. (2022). Kidnapping, the industry bringing Nigeria to its knees. The Citizen. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/kidnapping-the-industry-bringing-nigeria-to-its-knees-3942548#google_vignette Koko, K. (2022). Kidnapping syndicates thrive in South Africa. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/news/2022-02-25-kidnapping-syndicates-thrive-in-south-africa/ Lancaster, L. (2020). Kidnapping in South Africa: rely on data not social media. Institute of Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/kidnapping-in-south-africa-rely-on-data-not-social-media Lancaster, L. (2023). To reduce kidnappings, South Africa’s police must tackle armed robbery. Institute of Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/to-reduce-kidnappings-south-africas-police-must-tackle-armed-robbery Mokgonyana, K. (2022). How to tackle the rise in kidnappings, human trafficking in South Africa. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/thoughtleader/opinion/2022-10-28-how-to-tackle-the-rise-in-kidnappings-human-trafficking-in-south-africa/ Naido, T. (2022). True number of high-profile kidnappings for ransom underreported in SA: Researchers. SABC News. https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/true-number-of-high-profile-kidnappings-for-ransom-underreported-in-sa-researchers/ Newham, G. (2002). Tackling police corruption in South Africa. The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. https://www.csvr.org.za/docs/policing/tacklingpolicecorruption.pdf Nhamirre, B. (2023). Cross-border cooperation could curb kidnappings in Mozambique. Institute For Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/cross-border-cooperation-could-curb-kidnappings-in-mozambique Okoli, C. (2019). Kidnapping for ransom has become Nigeria’s latest security problem. Quartz. https://qz.com/africa/1624376/kidnapping-for-ransom-is-nigerias-latest-security-problem. Onireti, A. (2022). Why Nigerian kidnap law banning families from paying ransoms may do more harm than good. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-nigerian-kidnap-law-banning-families-from-paying-ransoms-may-do-more-harm-than-good-189427 Perera, A. (2023). Rational choice theory of criminology. Simply Psychology. https://simplysociology.com/rational-choice-theory-of-criminology.html Presence, C. (2022). Collusion and corruption behind increase in kidnappings: Crime-fighting activist. CapeTalk. https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/456723/collusion-and-corruption-behind-increase-in-kidnappings-crime-fighting-activist Prior, B. (2022). Massive kidnapping threat in South Africa – Police working with criminals. MyBroadband. https://mybroadband.co.za/news/government/341705-massive-kidnapping-threat-in-south-africa-police-working-with-criminals.html Reducing The Risk of Kidnapping. (2023). Smarttraveller. https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/before-you-go/safety/kidnapping Roberts, B., & Gordon, S. (2022). South Africans have low trust in their police. Here’s why. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/south-africans-have-low-trust-in-their-police-heres-why-178821 Shange, N. (2021). More than 400 Gauteng cops have pending criminal cases against them. TimesLive. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-11-23-more-than-400-gauteng-cops-have-pending-criminal-cases-against-them/ Smith, R. (2018). Hundreds of people in Mexico are kidnapped every year. And the problem’s getting worse. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2018/5/11/17276638/mexico-kidnappings-crime-cartels-drug-trade Thamm, M. (2021). Good morning, Colombia: Kidnappings, assassinations and corruption – SAPS is a systemic threat to SA. Daily Maverick. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-11-19-good-morning-colombia-kidnappings-assassinations-and-corruption-saps-is-a-systemic-threat-to-sa/ Ukpe, W. (2021). Insecurity: N10 billion demanded in kidnapping ransoms in H1 2021 – SBM. Nairametrics. https://nairametrics.com/2021/07/12/insecurity-n10-billion-demanded-in-kidnapping-ransoms-in-h1-2021-sbm/ Writer, S. (2023a). Worrying new crime trend in South Africa. BusinessTech. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/662577/worrying-new-crime-trend-in-south-africa/ Writer, S. (2023b). Kidnapping syndicates in South Africa are now going after ‘easier’ targets. BusinessTech. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/704595/kidnapping-syndicates-in-south-africa-are-now-going-after-easier-targets/
The Rise of Kidnappings in South Africa: Challenges for Law Enforcement Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 15 – 32, 31.07.2024
Victor Mlambo Eric Blanco Niyitunga
https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1445683
Öz This paper examines the rise of kidnapping in South Africa. It aims to reflect on the challenges law enforcement faces in addressing what has quickly become a considerable societal problem. This paper employed secondary data as a data collection technique using narrative literature review. The rational choice theory was employed as a theoretical lens. Findings revealed that kidnapping in South Africa is driven by several issues, such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and the growth and consolidation of crime syndicates making millions in ransom fees. While South African law enforcement agencies claim to be making inroads in addressing kidnapping cases, they face considerable challenges, such as public mistrust, lack of support and the underreporting of kidnapping cases, making it hard to address the problem. South Africa is under pressure to ensure that legislation effectively addresses this issue. It is therefore recommended that the country establish and capacitate specialized kidnapping units that will work closely with community police forums, the community, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure seamless coordination in responding to the rise of kidnapping. Moreover, eradicating corruption within the police force will be an effective measure to help address the problem.
Anahtar Kelimeler Development, Police, Kidnapping, Corruption
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NewAfrican. https://newafricanmagazine.com/28466/ Brooks & Baez. (2021). What is the difference between kidnapping and abduction? Brooks & Baez. https://www.brooksbaez.com/blog/2021/11/what-is-the-difference-between-kidnapping-and-abduction/ Bundy, C. (2020). Poverty and inequality in South Africa: A history. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-659?rskey=mvdrRx&result=1 Busari, B. (2023). Over 4,000 kidnap cases recorded in South Africa in 2022. Vanguard. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/02/over-4000-kidnap-cases-recorded-in-south-africa-in-2022/#:~:text=About%204%2C028%20kidnap%20cases%20were,of%20crimes%20in%20the%20country Cowling, N. (2023). Number of kidnappings in South Africa 2022/2023, by province. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1400928/number-of-kidnappings-in-south-africa-by-province/ Crime and Development in Africa. (2005). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/African_report.pdf Daniel, L. (2022). South Africa’s latest crime stats: Murder on the rise, shows ten-year trend. The South African. https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/south-africa-murder-rate-latest-crime-statistics-2020/ Dean, L., & Procelli, M. (2022). Adapting to evolving kidnapping trends. ASIS International. https://www.asisonline.org/security-management-magazine/articles/2020/04/adapting-to-evolving-kidnapping-trends/ Dlamini, K. (2023). Sa not fighting hard enough against organised crime. Corruption Watch. https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/sa-not-fighting-hard-enough-against-organised-crime/ Etheridge, J. (2019). Crime stats: Kempton Park is the kidnapping capital of SA. News24. https://www.news24.com/news24/crime-stats-kempton-park-is-the-kidnapping-capital-of-sa-20190912 Feature-Kidnap and Ransom: Negotiating Lives for Cash. (2011). Feature-Kidnap and ransom: Negotiating lives for cash. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/crime-kidnap-ransom-idUSLDE71D28A20110217 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. (2022). Strategic organized crime risk assessment: South Africa. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GI-TOC-Strategic-Organized-Crime-Risk-Assessment-South-Africa.pdf Goodman, S. (2017). End of apartheid in South Africa? Not in economic terms. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/business/south-africa-economy-apartheid.html Grant, L., & Ritchie, G. (2022). SA kidnappings surge to over 1 000 a month in 2022. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/news/2022-10-10-sa-kidnappings-surge-to-over-1-000-a-month-in-2022/ Ibekwem, N., & Alabi, M. (2021). Special report: Inside Nigeria’s worsening kidnap-for-ransom scourge (1). Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/487509-special-report-inside-nigerias-worsening-kidnap-for-ransom-scourge-1.html?tztc=1 Kidnap for Ransom in 2022. (2022). Kidnap for ransom in 2022. Control Risks. https://www.controlrisks.com/our-thinking/insights/kidnap-for-ransom-in-2022 Kidnapping, the Industry Bringing Nigeria to Its Knees. (2022). Kidnapping, the industry bringing Nigeria to its knees. The Citizen. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/kidnapping-the-industry-bringing-nigeria-to-its-knees-3942548#google_vignette Koko, K. (2022). Kidnapping syndicates thrive in South Africa. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/news/2022-02-25-kidnapping-syndicates-thrive-in-south-africa/ Lancaster, L. (2020). Kidnapping in South Africa: rely on data not social media. Institute of Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/kidnapping-in-south-africa-rely-on-data-not-social-media Lancaster, L. (2023). To reduce kidnappings, South Africa’s police must tackle armed robbery. Institute of Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/to-reduce-kidnappings-south-africas-police-must-tackle-armed-robbery Mokgonyana, K. (2022). How to tackle the rise in kidnappings, human trafficking in South Africa. The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/thoughtleader/opinion/2022-10-28-how-to-tackle-the-rise-in-kidnappings-human-trafficking-in-south-africa/ Naido, T. (2022). True number of high-profile kidnappings for ransom underreported in SA: Researchers. SABC News. https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/true-number-of-high-profile-kidnappings-for-ransom-underreported-in-sa-researchers/ Newham, G. (2002). Tackling police corruption in South Africa. The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. https://www.csvr.org.za/docs/policing/tacklingpolicecorruption.pdf Nhamirre, B. (2023). Cross-border cooperation could curb kidnappings in Mozambique. Institute For Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/cross-border-cooperation-could-curb-kidnappings-in-mozambique Okoli, C. (2019). Kidnapping for ransom has become Nigeria’s latest security problem. Quartz. https://qz.com/africa/1624376/kidnapping-for-ransom-is-nigerias-latest-security-problem. Onireti, A. (2022). Why Nigerian kidnap law banning families from paying ransoms may do more harm than good. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-nigerian-kidnap-law-banning-families-from-paying-ransoms-may-do-more-harm-than-good-189427 Perera, A. (2023). Rational choice theory of criminology. Simply Psychology. https://simplysociology.com/rational-choice-theory-of-criminology.html Presence, C. (2022). Collusion and corruption behind increase in kidnappings: Crime-fighting activist. CapeTalk. https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/456723/collusion-and-corruption-behind-increase-in-kidnappings-crime-fighting-activist Prior, B. (2022). Massive kidnapping threat in South Africa – Police working with criminals. MyBroadband. https://mybroadband.co.za/news/government/341705-massive-kidnapping-threat-in-south-africa-police-working-with-criminals.html Reducing The Risk of Kidnapping. (2023). Smarttraveller. https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/before-you-go/safety/kidnapping Roberts, B., & Gordon, S. (2022). South Africans have low trust in their police. Here’s why. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/south-africans-have-low-trust-in-their-police-heres-why-178821 Shange, N. (2021). More than 400 Gauteng cops have pending criminal cases against them. TimesLive. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-11-23-more-than-400-gauteng-cops-have-pending-criminal-cases-against-them/ Smith, R. (2018). Hundreds of people in Mexico are kidnapped every year. And the problem’s getting worse. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2018/5/11/17276638/mexico-kidnappings-crime-cartels-drug-trade Thamm, M. (2021). Good morning, Colombia: Kidnappings, assassinations and corruption – SAPS is a systemic threat to SA. Daily Maverick. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-11-19-good-morning-colombia-kidnappings-assassinations-and-corruption-saps-is-a-systemic-threat-to-sa/ Ukpe, W. (2021). Insecurity: N10 billion demanded in kidnapping ransoms in H1 2021 – SBM. Nairametrics. https://nairametrics.com/2021/07/12/insecurity-n10-billion-demanded-in-kidnapping-ransoms-in-h1-2021-sbm/ Writer, S. (2023a). Worrying new crime trend in South Africa. BusinessTech. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/662577/worrying-new-crime-trend-in-south-africa/ Writer, S. (2023b). Kidnapping syndicates in South Africa are now going after ‘easier’ targets. BusinessTech. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/704595/kidnapping-syndicates-in-south-africa-are-now-going-after-easier-targets/ Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Sosyal Adalet Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Victor Mlambo University of Johannesburg 0000-0002-7705-8863 South Africa
Eric Blanco Niyitunga Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0003-0328-1170 South Africa
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Mlambo, V., & Niyitunga, E. B. (2024). The Rise of Kidnappings in South Africa: Challenges for Law Enforcement. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.30913/alinterisosbil.1445683
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