THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION FOR YTTERBIUM EFFECT ON RADIATION SHIELDING CHARACTERISTICS OF 50Bi2O3-15Li2O-15PbO-(20-X)B2O3-Yb2O3 BORATE GLASSES

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 737 – 755, 01.09.2024

Murat Aygün , Zeynep Aygun , İbrahim Han , Emine Narmanlı Han

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1496688

Öz

As the nuclear industry has developed and radiation technologies have become more widely used, the dose of radiation from both synthetically produced sources and radioisotopes has increased, as has the number of people being irradiated. It is of the utmost importance to utilise appropriate shielding materials in order to reduce the negative effects of radiation sources. Doped glasses are among the most significant candidate materials in the field of radiation shielding. To this end, it was aimed to investigate the charged particle, gamma-ray and neutron shielding characteristics of ytterbium doped glasses with composition of 50Bi2O3-15Li2O-15PbO-(20-x)B2O3-Yb2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5). In this regard, the radiation shielding parameters were estimated by using Phy-X/PSD, PAGEX, ESTAR, and SRIM codes. Furthermore, the results were compared comprehensively and comparatively. Charged particle (alpha, proton and electron), gamma ray and neutron shielding efficiencies were found to be proportional to ytterbium content. The glasses with the increasing amount of ytterbium exhibited higher shielding performances. It can be said that all the studied glasses and particularly Yb2.5 sample could be used as shielding materials in many radiation related applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Borate Glass, Charged Particle Shielding, Gamma Shielding, Neutron Shielding, Yb

Kaynakça

  • M. Ahmadi, Z. Vahid, N. Darush, “Investigated mechanical, physical parameters and Gamma-Neutron radiation shielding of the rare earth (Er2O3/CeO2) doped barium borate glass: Role of the melting time and temperature,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 217, p. 111450, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111450
  • N. Almousa, S.A.M. Issa, A.S. Abouhaswa, H.M.H. Zakaly, “Improved radiation shielding efficiency and optical properties of borate glass by incorporating dysprosium(III) oxide,” Mater. Today Commun., vol. 39, p. 109198, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109198
  • H.Al-Ghamdi, N.A.M. Alsaif, Z.Y. Khattari, A.A. El-Hamalawy,R. S. Diab, et al., “Development of Ce3+- and Yb3+-doped borate glasses for optical and radiation protection materials,” J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron, vol. 34, p. 1272, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10687-1
  • M. Aygun, “Gamma-ray, fast neutron and charged particle shielding performance of 15Li2O-25BaO-(40-x)B2O3-20P2O5-xDy2O3 glass system,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 219, p. 111671, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111671
  • P. Ramesh, Vinod Hegde, A.G. Pramod, B. Eraiah, D.A. Agarkov, G.M. Eliseeva, M.K. Pandey, K. Annapurna, G. Jagannath, M.K. Kokila, “Compositional dependence of red photoluminescence of Eu3+ ions in lead and bismuth containing borate glasses,” Solid State Sci., vol. 107, p. 106360, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106360.
  • M. Pokhrel, G. A. Kumar, D. K. Sardar, “ Highly efficient NIR to NIR and VIS upconversion in Er3+ and Yb3+ doped in M2O2S (M = Gd, La, Y),” J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 38, pp. 11595-11606, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA12205K
  • C. Wang, Xueqiang Liu, Kuan Peiwen, Peng Wang, Liyan Zhang, Danping Chen, “~1µm laser output based on heterogeneous fiber with Yb3+-doped fluorophosphate core and phosphate cladding,” Mater. Letters, vol. 179, pp. 9-11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.033.
  • J. Bhemarajam, M. Varkolu, P. Syam Prasad, M. Prasad, “Effect of Yb3+ ions on spectroscopic and optical properties of Bi2O3–B2O3–Li2O–PbO glass system,” Results in Optics, vol. 14, p. 100582, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100582
  • I.G. Geidam, K.A. Matori, M.K. Halimah, K.T. Chan, et al., “Thermo-physical and elastic properties of Bi2O3 doped silica borotellurite glasses,” Optik, vol. 248, p. 168201, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168201
  • M. Kurudirek, N. Chutithanapanon, R. Laopaiboon, C. Yenchai, C. Bootjomchai, “Effect of Bi2O3 on gamma ray shielding and structural properties of borosilicate glasses recycled from high pressure sodium lamp glass,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 745, pp. 355-364, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.158
  • K.A. Naseer, K. Marimuthu,, M.S. Al-Buriahib, A. Alalawic, H.O. Tekin, “Influence of Bi2O3 concentration on barium-telluro-borate glasses: Physical, structural and radiation-shielding properties,” Ceramics Inter., vol. 47, pp. 329-340, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.138
  • E.V. Malchukova, A.I. Nepomnyashchikh, B. Boizot, and E.I. Terukov, “Radiation Effects and Optical Properties of Aluminoborosilicate Glass Doped with RE Ions,” Glass Phys. Chem., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 356–363, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659618040090
  • E.V. Malchukova, and B. Boizot, “Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in aluminoborosilicate glasses under ionizing radiation”, Mater. Res. Bull., vol. 45, pp. 1299–1303, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2010.04.027
  • G. Lakshminarayana, Ashok Kumar, H.O. Tekin, Shams A.M. Issa, M.S. Al-Buriahi, Dong-Eun Lee, Jonghun Yoon, Taejoon Park, “Binary B2O3–Bi2O3 glasses: scrutinization of directly and indirectly ionizing radiations shielding abilities,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 14549-14567, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.019.
  • P. Vani, G. Vinitha, M.I. Sayyed, Maha M. AlShammari, N. Manikandan, “Effect of rare earth dopants on the radiation shielding properties of barium tellurite glasses,” Nucl. Engineer. Technol., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 4106-4113, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.06.009.
  • E.M. Abou Hussein, A. Sobhy, “Experimental investigation of new rare earth borosilicate glasses from municipal waste ash as high-dose radiation dosimeters,” Ceramics Inter., vol. 50, no. 13, pp. 23012-23024, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.04.023.
  • K.G. Mahmoud, M.I. Sayyed, A.S. Abouhaswa, “Optical and γ-ray absorption characteristics of Yb2O3-doped borate based glasses: a step towards understanding the substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 in the lead borate glass system,” Physica Scripta, vol. 98(11), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad00e7
  • H.H. Negm, A.A. Sdeek, A.A. Ebrahim, “The Role of Ytterbium (Yb2O3) in the Radiation Shielding Properties of Barium Titanium Borate Glasses (B2O3‑TiO2‑BaO) in Terms of γ and β Radiations,” J. Electronic Mater., vol. 53, pp. 3965–3979, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11073-1
  • N. Tamam, Z.A. Alrowaili, I.O. Olarinoye, A. Hammoud et al., “Fabrication and characterisation of TeO2-based composite doped with Yb3+ and Bi3+ for enhanced radiation shielding safety,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 215, p. 111315, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111315
  • E. Şakar, Ö.F. Özpolat, B. Alım, M.I. Sayyed, M. Kurudirek, “Phy-X / PSD: Development of a user friendly online software for calculation of parameters relevant to radiation shielding and dosimetry,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 166, p. 108496, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108496
  • J.F. Ziegler, “SRIM-The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,". http://www.srim.org.
  • S. Prabhu, S. Jayaram, S.G. Bubbly, S.B. Gudennavar, “A simple software for swift computation of photon and charged particle interaction parameters: PAGEX,” Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, vol. 176, p. 109903, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109903
  • I. Han, L. Demir, “Studies on effective atomic numbers, electron densities from mass attenuation coefficients in TixCo1−x and CoxCu1−x alloys,” Nucl. Instr. Methods in Phys. Res. Section B, vol. 267, pp. 3505–3510, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.08.022
  • H.C. Manjunatha, “A study of gamma attenuation parameters in poly methyl methacrylate and Kapton,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 137, pp. 254–259, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.01.024
  • Y. Harima, “An historical review and current status of buildup factor calculations and applications,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 41, pp. 631–672, 1993.
  • Y. Harima, Y. Sakamoto, S. Tanaka, M. Kawai, “Validity of the Geometric-Progression Formula in Approximating Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors,” Nucl. Sci. Engineer., vol. 94, pp. 24–35, 1986.
  • ANSI/ANS 6.4.3 Gamma-ray Attenuation Coefficients and Buildup Factors for Engineering Materials. American Nucl Soc, La Grange Park, Illinois, 1991.
  • K.R.M. Abdelgawad, G.S.M. Ahmed, A.T.M. Farag, A.A. Bendary, B.A. Tartor, I.I. Bashter, S.M. Salem, “Eco-friendly transparent glass prepared from rice straw ash for neutron and charged particle radiation shielding,” Annl. Nucl. Energy, vol. 191, p. 109939, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109939
  • M.F. L’Annunziata, “Nuclear Radiation, Its Interaction With Matter And Radioisotope Decay,” Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, pp. 1-122, 2003.
  • M. Aygun, Z. Aygun., “A comprehensive analysis on radiation shielding characteristicsof borogypsum (boron waste) by Phy-X/PSD code,” Revista Mexicana de Fısica, vol. 69, pp. 1–7, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.69.040401
  • I.I. Bashter, “Calculation of radiation attenuation coefficients for shielding concretes,” Annl. Nucl. Energy, vol. 24, pp. 1389-1401, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4549(97)00003-0
  • G. Lakshminarayana, Y. Elmahroug, A. Kumar, H.O. Tekin, et al., “Detailed Inspection of γ-Ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses,” Mater. vol. 14, p. 2265, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092265
  • K.M. Kaky, M.I. Sayyed, M.K. Hamad, S. Biradar, M.H.A. Mhareb, U. Altimari, M.M. Taki, “Bismuth Oxide Effects on Optical, Structural, Mechanical, and Radiation Shielding Features of Borosilicate glasses,” Optical Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115853.
  • M. Al-Buriahi, A. Abouhaswa, H. Tekin, C. Sriwunkum, F. El-Agawany, T. Nutaro, et al., “Structure, optical, gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of NiO doped B2O3–BaCO3–Li2CO3 glass systems,” Ceram. Int., vol. 46, pp. 1711–1721, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.144.
  • Y.S. Rammah, F.I. El‑Agawany, A. Gamal, I.O. Olarinoye, E.M. Ahmed, A.S. Abouhaswa, “Responsibility of Bi2O3 Content in Photon, Alpha, Proton, Fast and Thermal Neutron Shielding Capacity and Elastic Moduli of ZnO/B2O3/Bi2O3 Glasses,” J. Inorganic Organometallic Polymers Mater., vol. 31, pp. 3505–3524, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01976-5
  • B.K. Jang, J.C. Lee, J.H. Kim, C.W. Chung, “Enhancement of thermal neutron shielding of cement mortar by using borosilicate glass powder,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 123, pp. 1-5, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.01.047

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 737 – 755, 01.09.2024

Murat Aygün , Zeynep Aygun , İbrahim Han , Emine Narmanlı Han

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1496688

Öz

Kaynakça

  • M. Ahmadi, Z. Vahid, N. Darush, “Investigated mechanical, physical parameters and Gamma-Neutron radiation shielding of the rare earth (Er2O3/CeO2) doped barium borate glass: Role of the melting time and temperature,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 217, p. 111450, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111450
  • N. Almousa, S.A.M. Issa, A.S. Abouhaswa, H.M.H. Zakaly, “Improved radiation shielding efficiency and optical properties of borate glass by incorporating dysprosium(III) oxide,” Mater. Today Commun., vol. 39, p. 109198, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109198
  • H.Al-Ghamdi, N.A.M. Alsaif, Z.Y. Khattari, A.A. El-Hamalawy,R. S. Diab, et al., “Development of Ce3+- and Yb3+-doped borate glasses for optical and radiation protection materials,” J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron, vol. 34, p. 1272, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10687-1
  • M. Aygun, “Gamma-ray, fast neutron and charged particle shielding performance of 15Li2O-25BaO-(40-x)B2O3-20P2O5-xDy2O3 glass system,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 219, p. 111671, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111671
  • P. Ramesh, Vinod Hegde, A.G. Pramod, B. Eraiah, D.A. Agarkov, G.M. Eliseeva, M.K. Pandey, K. Annapurna, G. Jagannath, M.K. Kokila, “Compositional dependence of red photoluminescence of Eu3+ ions in lead and bismuth containing borate glasses,” Solid State Sci., vol. 107, p. 106360, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106360.
  • M. Pokhrel, G. A. Kumar, D. K. Sardar, “ Highly efficient NIR to NIR and VIS upconversion in Er3+ and Yb3+ doped in M2O2S (M = Gd, La, Y),” J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 38, pp. 11595-11606, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA12205K
  • C. Wang, Xueqiang Liu, Kuan Peiwen, Peng Wang, Liyan Zhang, Danping Chen, “~1µm laser output based on heterogeneous fiber with Yb3+-doped fluorophosphate core and phosphate cladding,” Mater. Letters, vol. 179, pp. 9-11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.033.
  • J. Bhemarajam, M. Varkolu, P. Syam Prasad, M. Prasad, “Effect of Yb3+ ions on spectroscopic and optical properties of Bi2O3–B2O3–Li2O–PbO glass system,” Results in Optics, vol. 14, p. 100582, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100582
  • I.G. Geidam, K.A. Matori, M.K. Halimah, K.T. Chan, et al., “Thermo-physical and elastic properties of Bi2O3 doped silica borotellurite glasses,” Optik, vol. 248, p. 168201, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168201
  • M. Kurudirek, N. Chutithanapanon, R. Laopaiboon, C. Yenchai, C. Bootjomchai, “Effect of Bi2O3 on gamma ray shielding and structural properties of borosilicate glasses recycled from high pressure sodium lamp glass,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 745, pp. 355-364, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.158
  • K.A. Naseer, K. Marimuthu,, M.S. Al-Buriahib, A. Alalawic, H.O. Tekin, “Influence of Bi2O3 concentration on barium-telluro-borate glasses: Physical, structural and radiation-shielding properties,” Ceramics Inter., vol. 47, pp. 329-340, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.138
  • E.V. Malchukova, A.I. Nepomnyashchikh, B. Boizot, and E.I. Terukov, “Radiation Effects and Optical Properties of Aluminoborosilicate Glass Doped with RE Ions,” Glass Phys. Chem., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 356–363, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659618040090
  • E.V. Malchukova, and B. Boizot, “Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in aluminoborosilicate glasses under ionizing radiation”, Mater. Res. Bull., vol. 45, pp. 1299–1303, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2010.04.027
  • G. Lakshminarayana, Ashok Kumar, H.O. Tekin, Shams A.M. Issa, M.S. Al-Buriahi, Dong-Eun Lee, Jonghun Yoon, Taejoon Park, “Binary B2O3–Bi2O3 glasses: scrutinization of directly and indirectly ionizing radiations shielding abilities,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 14549-14567, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.019.
  • P. Vani, G. Vinitha, M.I. Sayyed, Maha M. AlShammari, N. Manikandan, “Effect of rare earth dopants on the radiation shielding properties of barium tellurite glasses,” Nucl. Engineer. Technol., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 4106-4113, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.06.009.
  • E.M. Abou Hussein, A. Sobhy, “Experimental investigation of new rare earth borosilicate glasses from municipal waste ash as high-dose radiation dosimeters,” Ceramics Inter., vol. 50, no. 13, pp. 23012-23024, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.04.023.
  • K.G. Mahmoud, M.I. Sayyed, A.S. Abouhaswa, “Optical and γ-ray absorption characteristics of Yb2O3-doped borate based glasses: a step towards understanding the substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 in the lead borate glass system,” Physica Scripta, vol. 98(11), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad00e7
  • H.H. Negm, A.A. Sdeek, A.A. Ebrahim, “The Role of Ytterbium (Yb2O3) in the Radiation Shielding Properties of Barium Titanium Borate Glasses (B2O3‑TiO2‑BaO) in Terms of γ and β Radiations,” J. Electronic Mater., vol. 53, pp. 3965–3979, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11073-1
  • N. Tamam, Z.A. Alrowaili, I.O. Olarinoye, A. Hammoud et al., “Fabrication and characterisation of TeO2-based composite doped with Yb3+ and Bi3+ for enhanced radiation shielding safety,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 215, p. 111315, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111315
  • E. Şakar, Ö.F. Özpolat, B. Alım, M.I. Sayyed, M. Kurudirek, “Phy-X / PSD: Development of a user friendly online software for calculation of parameters relevant to radiation shielding and dosimetry,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 166, p. 108496, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108496
  • J.F. Ziegler, “SRIM-The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,". http://www.srim.org.
  • S. Prabhu, S. Jayaram, S.G. Bubbly, S.B. Gudennavar, “A simple software for swift computation of photon and charged particle interaction parameters: PAGEX,” Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, vol. 176, p. 109903, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109903
  • I. Han, L. Demir, “Studies on effective atomic numbers, electron densities from mass attenuation coefficients in TixCo1−x and CoxCu1−x alloys,” Nucl. Instr. Methods in Phys. Res. Section B, vol. 267, pp. 3505–3510, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.08.022
  • H.C. Manjunatha, “A study of gamma attenuation parameters in poly methyl methacrylate and Kapton,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 137, pp. 254–259, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.01.024
  • Y. Harima, “An historical review and current status of buildup factor calculations and applications,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., vol. 41, pp. 631–672, 1993.
  • Y. Harima, Y. Sakamoto, S. Tanaka, M. Kawai, “Validity of the Geometric-Progression Formula in Approximating Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors,” Nucl. Sci. Engineer., vol. 94, pp. 24–35, 1986.
  • ANSI/ANS 6.4.3 Gamma-ray Attenuation Coefficients and Buildup Factors for Engineering Materials. American Nucl Soc, La Grange Park, Illinois, 1991.
  • K.R.M. Abdelgawad, G.S.M. Ahmed, A.T.M. Farag, A.A. Bendary, B.A. Tartor, I.I. Bashter, S.M. Salem, “Eco-friendly transparent glass prepared from rice straw ash for neutron and charged particle radiation shielding,” Annl. Nucl. Energy, vol. 191, p. 109939, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109939
  • M.F. L’Annunziata, “Nuclear Radiation, Its Interaction With Matter And Radioisotope Decay,” Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, pp. 1-122, 2003.
  • M. Aygun, Z. Aygun., “A comprehensive analysis on radiation shielding characteristicsof borogypsum (boron waste) by Phy-X/PSD code,” Revista Mexicana de Fısica, vol. 69, pp. 1–7, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFis.69.040401
  • I.I. Bashter, “Calculation of radiation attenuation coefficients for shielding concretes,” Annl. Nucl. Energy, vol. 24, pp. 1389-1401, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4549(97)00003-0
  • G. Lakshminarayana, Y. Elmahroug, A. Kumar, H.O. Tekin, et al., “Detailed Inspection of γ-Ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses,” Mater. vol. 14, p. 2265, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092265
  • K.M. Kaky, M.I. Sayyed, M.K. Hamad, S. Biradar, M.H.A. Mhareb, U. Altimari, M.M. Taki, “Bismuth Oxide Effects on Optical, Structural, Mechanical, and Radiation Shielding Features of Borosilicate glasses,” Optical Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115853.
  • M. Al-Buriahi, A. Abouhaswa, H. Tekin, C. Sriwunkum, F. El-Agawany, T. Nutaro, et al., “Structure, optical, gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of NiO doped B2O3–BaCO3–Li2CO3 glass systems,” Ceram. Int., vol. 46, pp. 1711–1721, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.144.
  • Y.S. Rammah, F.I. El‑Agawany, A. Gamal, I.O. Olarinoye, E.M. Ahmed, A.S. Abouhaswa, “Responsibility of Bi2O3 Content in Photon, Alpha, Proton, Fast and Thermal Neutron Shielding Capacity and Elastic Moduli of ZnO/B2O3/Bi2O3 Glasses,” J. Inorganic Organometallic Polymers Mater., vol. 31, pp. 3505–3524, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01976-5
  • B.K. Jang, J.C. Lee, J.H. Kim, C.W. Chung, “Enhancement of thermal neutron shielding of cement mortar by using borosilicate glass powder,” Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 123, pp. 1-5, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.01.047

Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Radyasyon Teknolojisi
BölümAraştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Aygün BITLIS EREN UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-4276-3511 Türkiye

Zeynep Aygun BITLIS EREN UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-2979-0283 Türkiye

İbrahim Han AGRI IBRAHIM CECEN UNIVERSITY 0000-0003-2766-861X Türkiye

Emine Narmanlı Han AGRI IBRAHIM CECEN UNIVERSITY 0000-0002-4939-9409 Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi1 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi6 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi7 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

IEEEM. Aygün, Z. Aygun, İ. Han, ve E. Narmanlı Han, “THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION FOR YTTERBIUM EFFECT ON RADIATION SHIELDING CHARACTERISTICS OF 50Bi2O3-15Li2O-15PbO-(20-X)B2O3-Yb2O3 BORATE GLASSES”, KONJES, c. 12, sy. 3, ss. 737–755, 2024, doi: 10.36306/konjes.1496688.

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