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TOPAL OSMAN Skip to content (1883-1923)
Millî Mücadele döneminde Doğu Karadeniz kesiminde faaliyet gösteren mahallî milis güçlerinin reisi ve muhafız taburu komutanı.
Giresun’un Hacı Hüseyin mahallesinde doğdu. Ticaretle uğraşan Feridunzâde Hacı Mehmet Efendi’nin oğludur. Düzenli bir eğitim görmedi, genç yaşta kayıkçılık yapmaya başladı. 1912’de Balkan Savaşı’na askerlik bedeli ödendiği halde gönüllü olarak katıldı. Çorlu yöresindeki çatışmalarda diz kapağından yaralandı. Bundan dolayı “Topal” lakabıyla anıldı. Giresun’a döndükten sonra I. Dünya Savaşı’na kadar ticaretle uğraştı. Savaşın başlaması üzerine Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde Ruslar’la iş birliği yapan Rum ve Ermeni çeteleriyle mücadeleye girişti. Kurduğu milis güçleriyle Giresun ve yöresinde söz sahibi oldu. Teşkîlât-ı Mahsûsa’nın doğu cephesindeki faaliyetlerinde aktif görev aldı. Batum cephesinde 700-800 gönüllüsüyle Ruslar’a karşı savaştı. Bölgede hükümet işlerine karıştığı gerekçesiyle hakkında türlü şikâyetler yapılmaya başlandı. 25 Ağustos 1916’da Sivas Dîvânıharbi’nde muhakeme edildi ve bir süre göz altında tutuldu. Giresun’a dönüşünün ardından şehrin tek hâkimi durumuna geldi, 1917’den itibaren Harşit vadisinde Ruslar’a karşı çarpıştı. 1918’de Rus birliklerinin geri çekilmesiyle Batum’a cephane taşımaya başladı. Bu vesileyle bir süre Batum’da kaldı.
Mütareke’den sonra Giresun’a dönünce hastalığı sebebiyle görevinden istifa eden belediye başkanı Dizdarzâde Eşref Bey’in yerine başkanlığı devraldı. Aynı zamanda Giresun Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti’nin başına geçti. Trabzon’da bir kongre toplayıp silâhlanmaya başladı. İzmir’in Yunanlılar’ca işgali üzerine 17 Mayıs 1919’da Giresun’da büyük bir miting düzenledi, ayrıca Pontus Devleti kurma faaliyetlerine karşı silâhlı mücadeleye girişti. Bu sırada tehcir suçlusu olarak yargılanmak üzere İstanbul’a getirilmesi istendi; İstanbul Dîvânıharbi tarafından tutuklanmasına karar verildi. Bu sebeple şehirden kaçarak Keşap bölgesine gitti. Rum çetelerinin Türk köylerine düzenledikleri baskınlara misillemeler yaptı. Dokuzuncu Ordu müfettişliğine tayin edilen Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Anadolu’ya geçtiği sırada Havza’dan sadârete gönderdiği 5 Haziran 1919 tarihli raporda bu konuya da yer verdi. Tehcirden dolayı kaçak durumunda bulunan Topal Osman Ağa’nın çetesinin önemli olduğunu, bundan dolayı Giresun ve doğusunda asayişsiz bir hareketin görülmediğini yazdı. Bu arada dağlara çekilen Topal Osman teslim olup silâhlarını bırakması şartıyla affedileceği yolundaki teklifleri reddetti; milletin selâmeti için âdilâne bir barış yapılıncaya kadar silâh bırakmayacağını bildirdi. Trabzon valisine Topal Osman’ı ölü veya diri ele geçirme görevi verilince takibine bir nizâmiye taburu ile bir süvari bölüğü gönderildi. Giresunlular ise artan Pontus tehlikesine karşı Karahisar’a adam yollayıp Topal Osman’dan yardım talebinde bulundu.
8 Mayıs 1919’da, içinde Yunan Kızılhaç Heyeti’nin bulunduğu bir geminin limana gelmesinden cesaret alan Rumlar’ın 11 Mayıs’ta Taşkışla denilen Rum okuluna beyaz renkli Yunan Kızılhaç bayrağı çekmeleri ve taşkınlığa başlamaları, 5 Haziran’da mavi-beyaz renkte 20 m. uzunluğunda bir Pontus bayrağı asmaları üzerine Topal Osman Giresun’a geldi ve bayrağı indirip fâilleri cezalandırdı. Ardından tekrar Karahisar’a döndü. Sivas, Tokat ve Karahisar Rum metropolitlerine baskı yaparak patrikhâneye ve İstanbul hükümetine tehcirle ilgisi olmadığına, affedilmesinin gerektiğine, hakkında şikâyetlerinin bulunmadığına dair bir mektup yazdırdı. 30 Haziran 1919’da Karahisar mutasarrıfı aracılığıyla af diledi. Sivas Valisi Reşit Bey vasıtasıyla 7 Temmuz’da Meclis-i Vükelâ, Topal Osman ve 168 arkadaşını şahsî hukuk saklı kalmak şartıyla affetti. Topal Osman’ın aftan sonra Giresun’a dönmesi Rumlar’ın faaliyetlerine büyük darbe vurdu.
23 Temmuz 1919’da toplanan Erzurum Kongresi’ne Giresun’u temsilen katılan Ali Naci (Duyduk) ile İbrâhim Hamdi (Elgen) beylerin kongrede Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya muhalif tutumlarını duyan Topal Osman bu iki delegeyi kongreden sonra Giresun’dan uzaklaştırdı. Hakkındaki şikâyetler de giderek artıyordu. Hatta onu ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik bazı teşebbüslere girişildi. Kaymakam Bâdi Bey’i suikast düzenleyicisi olarak yakalayıp Trabzon’a götürdü. Giresun’da Rumlar arasında çıkan ihtilâfları da onun teşvik ettiği kanaati hâkimdi. 1920 Şubatında İngiliz ve Fransız askerî temsilcileri, Giresun Rumları arasında meydana gelen bir olaya Topal Osman’ın karıştığını bahane edip Trabzon vali vekiline baskı yaptı. Bu arada Topal Osman, Millî Mücadele’nin propagandasını yapmak için 17 Şubat 1920’de Gedikkaya adlı haftalık bir gazete çıkarmaya başladı; başyazarı da kendisiydi. Gedikkaya yirmi altı sayı devam edebildi. 28 Mart 1920’de incelemelerde bulunmak amacıyla Karadeniz bölgesine gelen Amerikan heyetini belediye reisi ve Müdâfaa-i Hukuk reisi sıfatıyla ağırlayan Topal Osman, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Rumlar’ın katliamını değil aksine korunmasını emrettiğini belirtti. Büyük Millet Meclisi hükümetinin kurulmasının ardından Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya bir telgraf çekerek kayıtsız şartsız millî hükümetin hizmetine girdiğini bildirdi. Bunun üzerine Ankara’dan Trabzon’daki 3. Fırka komutanı Rüşdü Bey’e Rize müfrezesiyle Giresun’daki Topal Osman müfrezesinin yola çıkarılması emredildi. Kâzım Karabekir Paşa ise Giresun ve yöresindeki Rum tehlikesinden dolayı Topal Osman’ın Giresun’dan ayrılmasını uygun görmüyordu. Onun bu isteği Erkân-ı Harbiyye-i Umumiyye Reisi İsmet Bey tarafından da uygun karşılandı. Ancak hükümet daha sonra Topal Osman müfrezesinin doğuda kullanılmasını istediğinden Kâzım Karabekir Paşa, Ermeni harekâtında bu kuvveti Kars’a çağırdı. Topal Osman’ın katılmadığı bu harekâtta müfreze doğu cephesindeki savaşlara yetişemedi. Bu sırada Topal Osman on beş kişilik gönüllü müfrezesiyle 29 Ekim 1920’de İnebolu’ya geldi, 8 Kasım’da Kastamonu’ya geçerek iki gün kaldı ve ardından Ankara’ya gitti ve Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanı Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile görüştü. 12 Kasım’da Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın arzusu üzerine Giresun Gönüllü Maiyet Müfrezesi teşkil edildi. Giresun’a dönen Topal Osman, askerlik şubesi başkanı Tirebolulu Hüseyin Avni (Alparslan) ve jandarma komutanı Hamdi beylerin desteğiyle başta Giresun olmak üzere Tirebolu, Rize ve Ordu’dan toplanan gençlerle Giresun Gönüllü Taburu’nu kurdu. Bu tabur 1920 Eylülünde cepheye gitmek için Trabzon’a geldi. Topal Osman, Giresun Gönüllü Alayı yanında 1921 başlarında Ankara’dan aldığı emir gereği Hüseyin Avni Bey’in başında bulunduğu Giresun Nizâmiye Alayı’nın (42. Alay) kuruluşuyla da uğraştı. Böylece Giresun 42 ve 47. alaylarıyla Millî Mücadele içindeki yerini aldı.
1921 Martında Topal Osman, emrindeki 550 mevcudu ve dört dağ topu ile birlikte Koçgiri ayaklanmasını bastırmak için Sivas’a gitti. Giresun alayı Refahiye bölgesinden başlayarak âsilere karşı başarılı bir harekât gerçekleştirdi. Bu sırada Topal Osman sayesinde Giresun’da hiçbir faaliyet yapamayan Pontusçular’ın yeni merkezi İtilâf devletlerinin gözetimindeki Samsun oldu. Burada da asayiş ve huzuru sağlamak üzere Topal Osman komutasındaki Giresun Gönüllü Alayı’ndan faydalanıldı. Alay 16 Nisan 1921’de Ümit vapuru ile Samsun’a intikal etti, orada 15. Tümen deposunda yeniden silâhlandırıldı ve Ankara’dan gelen kuvvetlerle takviye edildi. Karargâhını şehrin içinde Mıntıka Palas Oteli’ne kuran Topal Osman, Samsun’da asayişin sağlanmasında rol oynadı. Ancak bu faaliyetleri sırasında uygun olmayan çok sert davranışlarda bulunduğu gerekçesiyle hakkında şikâyetler yapıldı. Topal Osman, Sakarya savaşı öncesi Samsun’da toplanan Giresun alaylarıyla 14 Temmuz 1921’de batı cephesine hareket etti. Sakarya savaşında Yûsuf İzzet Paşa grubunda 47. Alay komutanı olan Topal Osman 25 Ağustos’taki Mangaltepe taarruzuna katıldı; 15 Eylül’e kadar bütün muharebelerde bulundu. Kendisine kaymakamlık (yarbaylık) rütbesi verildi. Yunanlılar’a karşı Büyük Taarruz’un sonuna kadar yapılan muharebelere katılan Topal Osman 21 Aralık 1922’de Giresun’a döndü. Bir süre belediye işleriyle ilgilendi ve ardından Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın emriyle tekrar Ankara’ya gitti.
Burada muhafız taburu komutanlığı görevi yaptı. Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde muhalif gruplar arasındaki çekişmeler onu da etkilemeye başladı. Muhalefetin önde gelen isimlerinden Trabzon mebusu Ali Şükrü Bey’in ansızın ortadan kaybolması büyük bir karışıklığa yol açtı. Onun 27 Mart 1923 Salı akşamı Merkez Kıraathanesi’nde oturmakta iken Cumhurbaşkanlığı Muhafız Taburu Komutanı Topal Osman’ın adamlarından Mustafa Kaptan tarafından çağrıldığı ve Topal Osman’ın evinde boğulduğu anlaşıldı. Bunun üzerine Mustafa Kaptan tutuklandı, Topal Osman’ın tutuklanması için de karar alındı. Jandarma zâbiti Kemal Bey, Mühye köyünün doğusunda Dikmen deresinin başlangıcında bir yerde Ali Şükrü Bey’in cesedini buldu. Meclis cinayet fâillerinin hemen tutuklanmasını isteyince hükümet zanlı durumundaki Topal Osman’ın yakalanmasını emretti. Yapılan baskılar üzerine Cumhurbaşkanı Mustafa Kemal, yeni muhafız tabur komutanı tayin edilen İsmail Hakkı Bey’e Topal Osman’ın yakalanması emrini verdi. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Muhafız Taburu, Topal Osman’ın bulunduğu Papazınbağı’nı kuşattı; çıkan çatışmada Topal Osman ölü olarak ele geçirildi (2 Nisan 1923). Cesedi meclisin önünde asıldı. Üç saat kadar asılı kalan ceset ailesinin isteğiyle İstanbul üzerinden Giresun’a götürüldü ve Giresun Kalesi’nde Kurban Dede’nin mezarının yanına defnedildi. Ardından mezarı Atatürk’ün emriyle Giresun’da kalede bugünkü yerine nakledildi. İyi bir eğitim almamış olmasına rağmen vatanperver kişiliği, Millî Mücadele’ye katkılarıyla dikkat çeken Topal Osman, Pontus hareketinin engellenmesinde rol oynamıştır. Ali Şükrü olayı ise onun Atatürk’e bağlılığının bir sonucudur.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Sadi Borak, İktidar Koltuğundan İdam Sehpasına , İstanbul 1968.
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Ömer Sami Coşar, Mustafa Kemal’in Muhafızı Osman Ağa (Topal Osman) , İstanbul 1979.
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Ahmet Kekeç, Ali Şükrü Bey Cinayeti , İstanbul 1994.
Mustafa Balcıoğlu, “Birinci Dünya Savaşı Sırasında ve Sonrasında Rumlar ve Osman Ağa”, Giresun Tarihi Sempozyumu: 24-25 Mayıs 1996 , İstanbul 1997, s. 256-258.
Erden Menteşeoğlu, Yakın Tarihimizde Osman Ağa ve Giresunlular , Giresun 1997.
Süleyman Beyoğlu, “Osman Ağa’nın Gedikkaya Gazetesi ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa”, Giresun Kültür Sempozyumu: 30-31 Mayıs 1998 , İstanbul 1998, s. 39-41.
a.mlf., “Belgelerle Osman Ağa (1883-1923)”, Millî Mücadelede Giresun (Sempozyum 6-7 Mart 1999) , İstanbul 1999, s. 77-98.
a.mlf., Millî Mücadele Kahramanı Giresunlu Osman Ağa , İstanbul 2009.
Ayhan Yüksel, Giresun Tarihinden Sayfalar , İstanbul 2009, s. 27-46.
Emrullah Nutku, “Yakın Tarihimizin Meşhur Simalarından Giresunlu Osman Ağa”, Yakın Tarihimiz , IV, İstanbul 1962, s. 85-86, 155-157.
Ahmet Kemal Varınca, “Topal Osman’ın Giresun Macerası”, Meydan , sy. 61, İstanbul 1966, s. 24-25; sy. 62 (1967), s. 23-25.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2012 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 41. cildinde, 242-244 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.