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Türk İşleri Komisyonu Ara Raporuna İslam Aile Hukuku Açısından Eleştirel Bir Bakış Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 237 – 263, 30.06.2024
İbrahim Türk
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2024.10.1.10
Öz This article deals with some criticisms in terms of Islamic law regarding the draft law titled Interim Report of the Turkish Affairs Commission, which was written by a group of intellectuals selected from the Turkish Community to be submitted to the aforementioned administration during the years when Cyprus was under British rule. After 307 years of Ottoman rule in Cyprus, the British colonial administration lasted for 82 years, during which time many national and spiritual values of the Turkish Cypriots were eroded by the British administration. However, the Turkish Cypriots continued to struggle for their existence in this process. The most concrete example reflecting these efforts is the Interim Report of the Turkish Affairs Commission. As a matter of fact, the relevant text is a historical document in terms of both being a concrete indicator of the problems of the island Turks at that time and reflecting their struggles for the solution of these problems. In the text, which includes demands for a series of legal arrangements regarding the family law, sharia courts, mufti’s office, evqaf, education and elections, some determinations and evaluations are made regarding Islamic family law. In this sense, the Interim Report discusses Islamic law in terms of the validity of marriage without witnesses, marriage of a girl without her consent, milk kinship, mehir, talaq, khidāna, and the judge’s right to impose sanctions in case of failure to fulfill domestic responsibilities. However, the commission’s assessments of Islamic law within the framework of the aforementioned articles have some problems. The report draws attention to some inaccurate opinions of the commission members due to their lack of sufficient knowledge of Islamic law. For instance, while stating that marriage without witnesses is irregular, it is also mentioned that this irregularity can be eliminated by zifafah, and it is pointed out that there is no problem in terms of Islamic law in the marriage of girls without their consent. Again, since the basic philosophy of the mehra in Islamic law is not understood, it is claimed that this practice is reminiscent of the times when women were bought and sold, and therefore it should not be included in the new family law. Another point in this regard is that talaq, which is only one of the ways of divorce in Islamic law, is considered “dictatorial” as the only way to end a marriage, and for this reason, it is stated that talaq should not be included in the new legal regulation. A similar example relates to the practice of wet sisterhood, which was very widespread in Cyprus, especially during the years when the Interim Report was drafted. As a matter of fact, the proposed new family law ignores the importance of the milk intimacy traditionally practiced by the society in the past and argues that milk kinship should not be included as an obstacle to marriage. In addition, the report emphasizes the delivery of the child to either of the spouses following the dissolution of the marriage and lacks information on the basic philosophy of the institution of khidāna in Islamic law. For all these reasons, it is imperative that this report be analyzed within the framework of Islamic law. In this historical document (Interim Report), besides the points that can be criticized from the perspective of Islamic law, there are also some suggestions that can be considered reasonable from the perspective of the relevant scientific discipline. These points will only be touched upon briefly in order not to exceed the limits of this article.
Anahtar Kelimeler Islamic Law, Islamic Family Law, Cyprus, Turkish Affairs Commission Interim Report, Interim Report
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Türk İşleri Komisyonu Ara Raporuna İslam Aile Hukuku Açısından Eleştirel Bir Bakış Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 237 – 263, 30.06.2024
İbrahim Türk
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2024.10.1.10
Öz Bu makale, Kıbrıs’ın İngiliz İdaresinde olduğu yıllarda Türk Cemaati arasından seçilen bir grup aydının mezkûr idareye sunulmak üzere kaleme aldığı Türk İşleri Komisyonunun Ara Raporu isimli kanun taslağına ilişkin İslam hukuku açısından birtakım eleştirileri ele almaktadır. Kıbrıs’ta 307 yıllık Osmanlı hakimiyetinden sonra adada tesis edilen İngiliz koloni yönetimi 82 yıl sürmüş, bu dönemde Kıbrıs Türklerinin pek çok milli ve manevi değeri İngiliz idaresi tarafından erozyona uğratılmıştır. Ne var ki Kıbrıs Türkleri bu süreçte varlık mücadelelerini sürdürmeye devam etmişlerdir. Bu gayretleri yansıtan örneklerden en somutu Türk İşleri Komisyonunun Ara Raporu’dur. Nitekim ilgili metin, gerek o dönem ada Türklerinin sorunlarının müşahhas bir göstergesi olmak, gerekse bu sorunların çözümü yolunda verdikleri mücadeleleri yansıtmak bakımından tarihi bir vesika mesabesindedir. Aile kanunu, şer’iye mahkemeleri, müftülük, evkaf, maarif ve seçimler hakkında bir dizi yasal düzenleme taleplerinin yer aldığı metinde, İslam aile hukukuna ilişkin bazı tespit ve değerlendirmeler yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu anlamda Ara Rapor’da İslam hukuku şahitsiz kıyılan nikâhın geçerliliği, kızın rızası alınmadan evlendirilmesi, süt akrabalığı, mehir, talâk, hidâne ve aile içi sorumlulukların yerine getirilmemesi halinde hâkimin müeyyide hakkı gibi mevzularla gündeme gelmektedir. Ancak komisyonun zikredilen maddeler çerçevesinde İslam hukukuna ilişkin yaptığı değerlendirmelerin bazı sorunlar taşıdığı görülmüştür. Raporda komisyon üyelerinin İslam hukukuna ilişkin yeterli düzeyde bilgileri olmamasından kaynaklanan bazı yanlış mütalaaları dikkat çekmektedir. Bu cümleden olarak şahitsiz kıyılan nikâhın intizamsız olduğu belirtilirken bu intizamsızlığın zifafla bertaraf edilebileceğine değinilmekte; kız çocuklarının izni alınmadan evlendirilmesinde İslam hukuku açısından bir mahzur olmadığına işaret edilmektedir. Yine İslam hukukunda mehrin temel felsefesi anlaşılmadığından dolayı ilgili uygulamanın kadının alınıp satıldığı dönemleri anımsattığı iddia edilerek yeni aile kanununda yer almaması istenmektedir. Bu minvalde bir diğer nokta ise İslam hukukunda boşanma yollarından yalnızca bir tanesi olan talâkın evliliğin bitirilmesindeki yegâne yol sanılarak “diktatörce” bulunması ve yapılacak yeni yasal düzenlemede bu sebeple talâkın yer almaması gerektiğinin belirtilmesidir. Benzer bir örnek de özellikle Ara Rapor’un kaleme alındığı yıllarda Kıbrıs’ta son derece yaygın şekilde yer alan süt kardeşlik uygulamasıyla ilgilidir. Nitekim tasarlanan yeni aile kanununda toplumun geleneksel olarak geçmişten getirdiği süt mahremiyetinin önemi göz ardı edilmekte ve süt akrabalığının evlenmeye mâni bir durum olarak yer almaması gerektiği savunulmaktadır. Ayrıca raporda evliliğin sonlanmasını müteakiben çocuğun eşlerden herhangi birine teslim edilmesinin üzerinde durularak İslam hukukundaki hidâne müessesinin temel felsefesine ilişkin bir bilgi eksikliği de dikkatleri çekmektedir. Tüm bu sayılan gerekçelerle ilgili raporun İslam hukuku çerçevesinde ele alınması bir zorunluluk mesabesindedir. Bu tarihi belgede (Ara Rapor) İslam hukuku açısından eleştirilebilecek noktaların yanı sıra ilgili ilmi disiplinin zaviyesinden makul kabul edilebilecek birtakım öneriler de göze çarpmaktadır. Bahse konu noktalara makalemizin sınırlarını aşmamak adına yalnızca kısaca temas edilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler İslam Aile Hukuku, Kıbrıs, Türk İşleri Komisyonu Ara Raporu, Ara Rapor, İslam Hukuku
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Eyyûb ez-Züraî ed-Dımaşkī el-Hanbelî. “İğâsetü’l-lehfân fî hükmi talâkı’l-gadbân”. çev. Muhammet Ali Danışman. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 (2007), 247-282. İbn Ḳudâme el-Maḳdisî, Ebû Muḥammed Muvaffaḳuddîn ʿAbdullāh b. Aḥmed b. Muḥammed b. Kudâme el-Cemmâʿîlî. el-Muğnî. thk. ʿAbdullah b. ʿAbdulmuḥsin et-Turkî – ʿAbdulfettâḥ Muḥammed el-Ḥulv. 15 Cilt. Riyad: Dâru Alemi’l-Kutub, 3. Basım, 1417/1997. İbn Mâce, Ebû Abdillah Muhammed b. Yezid el-Kazvînî. es-Sünen. 2 Cilt. İstanbul: Çağrı Yayınları, 1992. İbn Rüşd, Ebü’l-Velîd Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Kurtubî. Bidâyetü’l-müctehid ve nihâyetü’l-muḳteṣid. Lübnan: Müessesetü’r-Risâle Nâşirûn, 1. Basım, 2015. İbnü’l-Hümâm, Kemâlüddîn Muhammed b. Abdilvâhid b. Abdilhamîd es-Sivâsî el-İskenderî. Fethu’l-kadîr. 10 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye, 1. Basım, 2003. Kahveci, Nuri. İslam Aile Hukuku. İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 1. Basım, 2014. Kahveci, Nuri. İslam Aile Hukuku. İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 1. Basım, 2014. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve Açıklamalı Meâli. çev. Hayreddin Karaman vd. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 27. baskı., 2007. Karaman, Hayreddin. Mukayeseli İslâm Hukuku. 3 Cilt. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2003. Kārî, Ebü’l-Hasen Nûrüddîn Alî b. Sultân Muhammed. Fetḥu bâbi’l-ʿinâye bi şerhi’n-nukâye. 3 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-erkam, ts. Kâsânî, ʿAlâʾuddîn Ebûbekir b. Mesʿûd b. Aḥmed el-Ḥanefî. Bedâʾiʿu’s-ṣanâʾiʿ fî tertîbi’ş-şerâʾiʿ. 7 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 2. Basım, 1406/1986. Kıbrıs Vakıflar İdaresi Arşivi [KİVA]. Kıbrıs Şer’iye Sicilleri [KŞS] 4 Numaralı Defter. Hüküm 340. Mâturîdî, Ebû Manṣûr Muḥammed b. Muḥammed el-. Teʾvîlâtu Ehli’s-Sunne. thk. Mecdî Bâsellûm. 10 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 1426/2005. Merğînânî, Ebü’l-Hasen Burhânüddîn Alî b. Ebî Bekr b. Abdilcelîl el-Fergānî. el-Hidâye Şerhu Bidâyeti’l-Mübtedî. 8 Cilt. Karaçi: Büşra Yayınları, 2014. Mevsılî, Abdullah b. Mahmud b. Mevdûd. el-İhtiyâr li-ta’lîli’l-muhtâr. 5 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-marife, 2010. Meydânî, Abdülgani el-Ğuneymî. el-Lübâb fî şerhi’l-kitâb. 5 Cilt. Bayrut: Dâru’l-beşâiri’l-İslâmiyye, 2014. Nesefî, Ebü’l-Berekât Hâfızüddîn Abdullah b. Ahmed b. Mahmûd en-. Kenzü’d-dekâik. Bayrut: Dâru’l-beşâiri’l-İslâmiyye, 1. Basım, 2011. Ozkan, Hasan vd. “Milk Kinship Hypothesis in Light of Epigenetic Knowledge”. Clinical Epigenetics 4/1 (Aralık 2012), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1868-7083-4-14 Öge, Ali (ed.). Osmanlı Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnâmesi. Konya: Mehir Vakfı Yayınları, 3. Basım, 2016. Seraḫsî, Muḥammed b. Aḥmed b. Ebî Sehl Şemsü’l-ʾEimme es-. el-Mebsûṭ. thk. Ḫalîl Muḥyiddîn el-Meyyis. 30 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Maʿrife, 1414/1993. Şâfiî, Muhammed b. İdris eş-. el-Ümm. 11 Cilt. Mısır: Dâru’l-vefâ, 1. Basım, 2001. Şengil, Mustafa. “İslamcı Dergilerde Bir Kıbrıslı: Hizber Mustafa Hikmet (Hizber Hikmetağalar) Kıbrıs’ın Yakın Dini Tarihine Bakış”. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık 2023). Şengil, Mustafa. Mavi Vatanın Kudüsü: Kıbrıs’ta Din ve Siyaset. İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 1. Basım, 2021. Şîrâzî, Ebû İshâk Cemâlüddîn İbrâhîm b. Alî b. Yûsuf eş-. el-Müheẕẕeb fî fıḳhi’l-İmâm eş-Şâfiʿî. 6 Cilt. Dımaşk: Dâru’l-kalem, 1. Basım, 1996. Türcan, Talip vd. İslam Hukuku El Kitabı. ed. Talip Türcan. Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları, 2018. Türk, İbrahim. Kıbrıs Fetva Emini Hürremzâde Mehmed Hakkı Efendi ve Fetvaları. İstanbul: Kitap Dünyası, 1. Basım, 2022. Yaman, Ahmet. İslam Aile Hukuku. İstanbul: Yediveren Yayınları, 3. Basım, 2002. Yaman, Ahmet. “İslam Hukukuna Özgü Bir Kurum Süt Akrabalığı”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/13 (2002), 55-67. Yenidoğan, Adem. “İslam Hukukunda Akıl Hastalarının Evliliği Meselesi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 31 (2018), 415-441. Yenişehirli, Abdullah. Behcetü’l-Fetâvâ. İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları, 2011. Zekâ, M. vd. Türk İşleri Komisyonunun Ara Raporu. Lefkoşa: Kıbrıs Hükûmet Basımevi, 1950. Zeyleʿî, ، Cemâl ed-Dîn, Ebû Muḥammed Cemâl ed-Dîn ʿAbdullâh b. Yûsuf b. Muḥammed. Naṣbu’r-Râye li’Eḥâdîs̱i’l-Hidâyeti meʿa Ḥâşiyetihî Buğyeti’l-Elmeʿî fî Taḫrîci’z-Zeyleʿî. thk. Muḥammed ʿAvvâme. 4 Cilt. Beyrut; Cidde: Muessesetu’r-Reyyân li’t-Ṭabâʿati ve’n-Neşri; Dâru’l-Ḳible li’s̱-S̱eḳâfeti’l-İslâmiyyeti, 1418/1997. Zuhaylî, Vehbe. el-Fıkhü’l-İslâmî ve Edilletühü. 8 Cilt. Dımaşk: Dâru’l-Fikr, 2. Basım, 1985. Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Hukuku Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar İbrahim Türk KIRIKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-5975-7823 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Türk, İbrahim. “Türk İşleri Komisyonu Ara Raporuna İslam Aile Hukuku Açısından Eleştirel Bir Bakış”. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi 10/1 (Haziran 2024), 237-263. https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2024.10.1.10.
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