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TÜRKİYE’DEKİ TARIMSAL KREDİ FAİZ ORANLARININ BİTKİSEL ÜRETİM MİKTARINA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 213 – 230, 02.07.2024
Ömer Keskin Mustafa Çalışır
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1388182
Öz This study aimed to reveal the effect of agricultural loan interest rates on crop production in Türkiye using time series analysis. Data spanning 46 years (1976-2021) were gathered from various sources, including interest rates and crop production amount. A model was constructed with interest rates as the independent variable and crop production amount as the dependent variable. Analytical methods such as ARDL, VAR, and Granger tests were applied to the model. According to the results obtained from the estimation of the model, there was a negative and significant long-term cointegration relationship between the interest rate and crop production amount variables. Specifically, a 1% increase in interest rates was found to be associated with a 0.26% decrease in crop production. As anticipated, the short-term relationship between these variables was found to be negative and statistically significant. Short-term deviations from the long-term equilibrium caused by shocks were shown to dissipate by 10% after one period. Additionally, the results from variance decomposition were found to align with those of the Granger test, confirming that causality is unidirectionally established from interest rates to crop production amount.
Anahtar Kelimeler Agricultural Financing, Interest Rate, Crop Production Amount, Time Series Analysis
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Mersin ilinde çiftçilerin tarımsal kredi kullanım kararlarını etkileyen faktörler. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 271-277. Ighoroje, J. E., & Orife, C. O. (2021). Selected macroeconomic variables and agricultural sector in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention, 7(6), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.23958/ijssei/vol07-i06/300 Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. Kadanalı, E., & Kaya, E. (2019). The relationship between real agricultural gross domestic product and agricultural loans. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 25(2), 241-247. Kargı, N., & Terzi, H. (1997). Türkiye’de İMKB, enflasyon, faiz oranı ve reel sektör arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerinin var modeli ile belirlenmesi. İMKB Dergisi, 1(4), 27-39. Kredi Kayıt Bürosu. (2021). Türkiye tarımsal görünüm saha araştırması. İstanbul. Mamatzakis, E. C., & Staikouras, C. (2020). Testing for the effects of credit crunch on agriculture investment in the EU. Bulletin of Economic Research, 72(4), 434-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12229 Nazlıoğlu, Ş. (2010). Makro iktisat politikalarının tarım sektörü üzerindeki etkileri: gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için bir karşılaştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri. OECD; FAO. (2018). OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2018-2027. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Ogbuabor, J. E., & Nwosu, C. A. (2017). The impact of deposit money bank’s agricultural credit on agricultural productivity in Nigeria: evidence from an error correction model. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 513-517. Oğul, B. (2022). Türkiye'de tarımsal krediler ve tarımsal üretim ilişkisi: zaman serisi analizi. Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 20-27. Orak, Ç., & Tahsin, E. (2023). Tarımsal kredi kullanımının belirleyicileri: Giresun fındık üreticileri örneği. Tarım Ekonomisi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 43-55. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Economics, 16, 289-326. Rad, S. T., & Aydoğdu, C. (2019). Tarımsal finansman: Mersin ilinde tarımsal kredi kullanımı. Tarım Ekonomisi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 58-67. Sabasi, D., Shumway, C. R., & Kompaniyets, L. (2021). Analysis of credit access, U.S. agricultural productivity, and residual returns to resources. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 53(3), 389-415. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.17 Salami, A., & Arawomo, D. F. (2013). Empirical analysis of agricultural credit in Africa: any role for institutional factors?. Working Paper No. 192. Tunusia: African Development Bank. Semerci, A. (2021). Tarım işletmelerinde tarımsal kredi kullanım durumunun analizi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 396-410. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.860909 Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48. Taşcı, C. (2015). Trends and issues in financing agriculture: a global perspective and look at Turkish case. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 7(12), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.14784/jfrs.61987 Tosun, F., & Güneş, E. (2017). Tarım işletmelerinde sübvansiyonlu kredi kullanımı: Ankara ili örneği. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 23(2), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.369508 Türkiye Bankalar Birliği. (2022). Bankalarımız kitabı. İstatistiki Raporlar. https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59. Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2023. Udoka, C. O., Mbat, P. D., & Duke, S. B. (2016). The effect of commercial banks’ credit on agricultural production in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 1-10. Uygur, E., & Kaya, E. Ö. (2022). Tarım kredileri ile tarımsal büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Türkiye örneği. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 57(3), 2004-2022. https://doi.org/ 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.08.1929 Wirakusuma, G., & Irham, I. (2021). Can credit program improve agricultural productivity? evidence from Indonesia. International Conference on Agribusiness and Rural Development, October 13-14, 1-12, Yogyakarta/Indonesia World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for development. Washington, DC. World Bank. (2022). Agriculture finance & agriculture insurance. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/brief/agriculture-finance. Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2023.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ TARIMSAL KREDİ FAİZ ORANLARININ BİTKİSEL ÜRETİM MİKTARINA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 213 – 230, 02.07.2024
Ömer Keskin Mustafa Çalışır
https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1388182
Öz Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki tarımsal kredi faiz oranlarının bitkisel üretim miktarına etkisini zaman serisi analiziyle ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı kapsamında faiz oranı ve bitkisel üretim miktarı ile ilgili farklı veri kaynaklarından 1976-2021 dönemine ait (46 yıl) veriler toplanmıştır. Analiz için faiz oranının bağımsız, bitkisel üretim miktarının ise bağımlı değişken olarak atandığı bir model kurulmuştur. Bu model üzerinde sırasıyla ARDL, VAR ve Granger testleri yöntem olarak uygulanmıştır. Modelin tahmininden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; faiz oranı ve bitkisel üretim miktarı değişkenleri arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir uzun dönem eşbütünleşme ilişkisi vardır. Faiz oranı %1 yükseldiğinde bitkisel üretim miktarı %0.26 azalmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki kısa dönemli ilişki ise beklenildiği gibi negatif yönlü olup anlamlıdır. Kısa dönemde yaşanan şokların sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek uzun dönem dengesinden sapmalar 1 dönem sonra %10 ortadan kalmaktadır. Diğer taraftan varyans ayrıştırmasının sonuçları Granger testinin sonuçlarıyla tutarlı olup nedensellik açısından etkileşimin yönünün faiz oranı değişkeninden bitkisel üretim miktarı değişkenine doğru ve tek yönlü olduğu açıktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Tarımsal Finansman, Faiz Oranı, Bitkisel Üretim Miktarı, Zaman Serisi Analizi
Kaynakça Akcan, A. T., Kurt, Ü., & Kılıç, C. (2022). Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörü üzerindeki etkileri: Ardl sınır testi yaklaşımı. Trends in Business and Economics, 36(1), 125-132. Akçaöz, H., Güzel, A., Metin, B. & Redzepi, V. (2022). Tarımsal amaçlı kooperatiflere ortak olan ve olmayan üreticilerin tarımsal kredi kullanımının değerlendirilmesi. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der., 37(2), 123-138. Alagh, M. (2011). Agricultural economy of India and macro-economic effects: some empirical results and a research agenda based on the literature. Working Paper No 2011/09/01. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management. Amanullah, Lakhan, G. R., Channa, S. A., Magsi, H., Koondher, M. A., Wang, J. & Channa, N. A. (2020). Credit constraints and rural farmers’ welfare in an agrarian economy. Heliyon, 6(10), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05252 Ardeni, P. G. & Freebairn, J. (2002). The macroeconomics of agriculture. Handbook of agricultural economics, 2, 1455-1485. Assouto, A. B., & Houngbeme, D. J.-L. (2023). Access to credit and agricultural productivity: evidence from maize producers in Benin. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 1-22. Awotide, B., Abdoulaye, T., Alene, A., & Manyong, V. (2015). Impact of access to credit on agricultural productivity: evidence from smallholder cassava farmers in Nigeria. International Conference of Agricultural Economists, August 8-14, 1-33, Milan/Italy Balcıoğlu, K. (2012). Tarımsal işletmelerin finansal kaynakları. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum. Chaiya, C., Sikandar, S., Pinthong, P., Saqib, S. E., & Ali, N. (2023). The impact of formal agricultural credit on farm productivity and its utilization in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sustainability, 15(2), 1-14. Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(336), 427-431. Duramaz, S., & Taş, T. (2018). Kamusal, özel ve yabancı sermayeli bankaların kullandırdıkları tarımsal kredilerin tarımsal üretime etkisi: Ege Bölgesi'ne yönelik panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(1), 35-50. Eğilmez, M. (2014). Örneklerle kolay ekonomi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276. FAO. (2022). Credit to agriculture. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/IC. Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2023. Fecke, W., Feil, J.-H., & Musshoff, O. (2016). Determinants of loan demand in agriculture: empirical evidence from Germany. Agricultural Finance Review, 76(4), 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-05-2016-0042 Güven, E. A., & Ayvaz, Y. (2016). Türkiye'de enflasyon ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişki: zaman serileri analizi. KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 241-262. Hayran, S., & Gül, A. (2018). Mersin ilinde çiftçilerin tarımsal kredi kullanım kararlarını etkileyen faktörler. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 271-277. Ighoroje, J. E., & Orife, C. O. (2021). Selected macroeconomic variables and agricultural sector in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention, 7(6), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.23958/ijssei/vol07-i06/300 Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. Kadanalı, E., & Kaya, E. (2019). The relationship between real agricultural gross domestic product and agricultural loans. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 25(2), 241-247. Kargı, N., & Terzi, H. (1997). Türkiye’de İMKB, enflasyon, faiz oranı ve reel sektör arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerinin var modeli ile belirlenmesi. İMKB Dergisi, 1(4), 27-39. Kredi Kayıt Bürosu. (2021). Türkiye tarımsal görünüm saha araştırması. İstanbul. Mamatzakis, E. C., & Staikouras, C. (2020). Testing for the effects of credit crunch on agriculture investment in the EU. Bulletin of Economic Research, 72(4), 434-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12229 Nazlıoğlu, Ş. (2010). Makro iktisat politikalarının tarım sektörü üzerindeki etkileri: gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için bir karşılaştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri. OECD; FAO. (2018). OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2018-2027. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Ogbuabor, J. E., & Nwosu, C. A. (2017). The impact of deposit money bank’s agricultural credit on agricultural productivity in Nigeria: evidence from an error correction model. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 513-517. Oğul, B. (2022). Türkiye'de tarımsal krediler ve tarımsal üretim ilişkisi: zaman serisi analizi. Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 20-27. Orak, Ç., & Tahsin, E. (2023). Tarımsal kredi kullanımının belirleyicileri: Giresun fındık üreticileri örneği. Tarım Ekonomisi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 43-55. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Economics, 16, 289-326. Rad, S. T., & Aydoğdu, C. (2019). Tarımsal finansman: Mersin ilinde tarımsal kredi kullanımı. Tarım Ekonomisi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 58-67. Sabasi, D., Shumway, C. R., & Kompaniyets, L. (2021). Analysis of credit access, U.S. agricultural productivity, and residual returns to resources. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 53(3), 389-415. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.17 Salami, A., & Arawomo, D. F. (2013). Empirical analysis of agricultural credit in Africa: any role for institutional factors?. Working Paper No. 192. Tunusia: African Development Bank. Semerci, A. (2021). Tarım işletmelerinde tarımsal kredi kullanım durumunun analizi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 396-410. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.860909 Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48. Taşcı, C. (2015). Trends and issues in financing agriculture: a global perspective and look at Turkish case. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 7(12), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.14784/jfrs.61987 Tosun, F., & Güneş, E. (2017). Tarım işletmelerinde sübvansiyonlu kredi kullanımı: Ankara ili örneği. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 23(2), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.369508 Türkiye Bankalar Birliği. (2022). Bankalarımız kitabı. İstatistiki Raporlar. https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59. Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2023. Udoka, C. O., Mbat, P. D., & Duke, S. B. (2016). The effect of commercial banks’ credit on agricultural production in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 1-10. Uygur, E., & Kaya, E. Ö. (2022). Tarım kredileri ile tarımsal büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Türkiye örneği. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 57(3), 2004-2022. https://doi.org/ 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.22.08.1929 Wirakusuma, G., & Irham, I. (2021). Can credit program improve agricultural productivity? evidence from Indonesia. International Conference on Agribusiness and Rural Development, October 13-14, 1-12, Yogyakarta/Indonesia World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for development. Washington, DC. World Bank. (2022). Agriculture finance & agriculture insurance. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/brief/agriculture-finance. Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2023. Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Finans Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Ömer Keskin Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi 0000-0002-1939-2791 Türkiye
Mustafa Çalışır SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-5988-9508 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Kasım 2023 Kabul Tarihi 18 Ocak 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Keskin, Ö., & Çalışır, M. (2024). TÜRKİYE’DEKİ TARIMSAL KREDİ FAİZ ORANLARININ BİTKİSEL ÜRETİM MİKTARINA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 25(2), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1388182
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