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UMRE Skip to content İhramlı olarak Kâbe’yi tavaf edip Safâ ile Merve arasında sa‘y yapmak suretiyle eda edilen ibadet.
Sözlükte “ziyaret, Kâbe ziyareti; imar” anlamlarına gelen umre fıkıhta ihrama girerek Kâbe’yi tavaf edip Safâ ile Merve arasında sa‘y yapmayı ifade eder. İ‘timâr “umreyi eda etmek”, mu‘temir “umreyi eda eden kimse” demektir. Gerek eda mekânı gerekse âdâb ve erkânı bakımından hac ve umrenin birçok ortak noktası vardır. Ancak hac hicrî takvimin belirli ay ve günlerinde eda edilen, umrede yapılanların yanında Arafat ve Müzdelife vakfeleri, Mina’da geceleme, şeytan taşlama gibi başka fiilleri de içeren kapsamlı bir ibadet ve İslâm’ın temel şartlarından biri olması dolayısıyla hac ve umreyi birbirinden ayırmak için hacca “büyük hac” (el-haccü’l-ekber; bk. et-Tevbe 9/3), umreye “küçük hac” (el-haccü’l-asgar; bk. İbn Hibbân, XIV, 504) denilir. Umre kelimesi Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de aynı âyet içinde iki defa (el-Bakara 2/196), bir âyette de fiil şeklinde (el-Bakara 2/158) geçer. İlk dönemden itibaren hadis ve fıkıh eserlerinde müstakil başlık altında veya hac bölümü içinde umreyle ilgili rivayet ve hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca birçok âlim hac ve umreye dair müstakil eserler yazmış, bu konuda zengin bir literatür oluşmuştur.
Hükmü ve Sevabı. Hanefîler’in çoğunluğuna ve Mâlikîler’e göre kişinin hayatında bir defa umre yapması müekked sünnettir. Bazı Hanefîler’e göre ise umre vitir namazı ve kurban gibi vâciptir. Şâfiî ve Hanbelî mezheplerinde tercih edilen görüşe göre hayatta bir defa umre yapmak farzdır. Mekke halkının devamlı yaptığı tavaf umrenin en önemli rüknü sayıldığından Hanbelîler’in bir kısmı onların umre yapmasını farz görmemiştir. Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler umrenin farziyeti hususunda, “Hac ve umreyi Allah için tamamlayınız” âyetindeki emri (el-Bakara 2/196) ve Hz. Âişe’nin, “Kadınlara cihad gerekir mi?” sorusuna Resûl-i Ekrem’in, “Evet, onlara içinde savaş bulunmayan bir cihad gereklidir: Hac ve umre” şeklinde cevap vermesini (İbn Mâce, “Menâsik”, 8) delil gösterirler. Anılan âyetteki emri, başlanan hac ve umrenin yarım bırakılmaması şeklinde yorumlayan Hanefîler ve Mâlikîler umrenin sünnet oluşuna Hz. Peygamber’in hadisini delil getirmişlerdir. Resûlullah umrenin vâcip olup olmadığı sorulduğunda, “Hayır, fakat umre yapmanız daha faziletlidir” karşılığını vermiş (Tirmizî, “Ḥac”, 88), ayrıca, “Hac cihad, umre ise tatavvudur” demiştir (İbn Mâce, “Menâsik”, 44). Mâlikîler’in çoğuna göre bir yılda birden fazla umre yapılması mekruhtur; ancak yapılırsa sahih olur. Resûl-i Ekrem’in imkânı bulunduğu halde bir yılda iki umre yapmaması bu hususta delil gösterilmiştir. Diğer üç mezhebe göre ise bir yılda birden fazla umre yapmak mekruh olmayıp aksine umrenin sıkça yapılması müstehaptır. Nitekim, “Umre kendinden önceki umre ile arasındaki günahlara kefârettir” (Buhârî, “ʿUmre”, 1; Müslim, “Ḥac”, 437); “Peş peşe hac ve umre yapın, çünkü bunlar fakirliği ve günahları giderir” (Tirmizî, “Ḥac”, 2); “Hac ve umre yapanlar Allah’ın misafiridirler, O’na dua ederlerse icâbet eder, O’ndan bağışlanma dilerlerse bağışlar” (İbn Mâce, “Menâsik”, 5) meâlindeki hadisler bunu teyit etmektedir.
Yükümlülük Şartları. Kişinin umre yapmakla yükümlü (farz, vâcip veya sünnet) olması için gerekli şartlar belirli zaman dışında hac için gerekli olan şartlarla aynıdır. Bunlar da akıl, müslüman olmak, bulûğ, hürriyet, maddî imkâna sahip bulunmak, sağlık ve yol güvenliğidir. Kadınlar için eşin veya mahrem akrabanın refakat etmesi ve iddet halinde olunmaması da şarttır; ancak Şâfiîler’e göre güvenli bir ortamda kadınlar grup halinde eş veya mahrem akraba olmadan da farz umreyi eda edebilir. Bir kişi maddî imkâna sahip değilken umre yaparsa farzı yerine getirmiş sayılır. Bulûğ ve hürriyet şartları bulunmadan yapılan umre sahih olmakla birlikte farz yerine geçmez; çocuğun bulûğdan, kölenin hürriyetine kavuşmasından sonra tekrar umre yapması gerekir. Akıl ve Müslümanlık şartları bulunmadan yapılan umre sahih değildir. Hanbelîler’e göre şartları gerçekleştiği zaman umre hemen yapılmalıdır, Şâfiîler’e göre ise geciktirilmesi câizdir.
Eda Şekli. Umre tek başına veya hac ibadetiyle birlikte eda edilebilir. Tek başına umre yapmak istendiğinde ihrama girerken yalnız umreye niyet edilir. Hac ayları dışında veya hacdan sonra yapılan ya da hac aylarında yapılmakla birlikte kendisinden sonra hac yapılmayan umre bu kısma dahildir. Hacla birlikte eda edilen umreye gelince bu da temettu‘ ve kırân haccıyla beraber olmak üzere iki türlüdür. İhrama girerken temettu‘ haccına niyet edilmesi halinde önce umre yapıp ihramdan çıktıktan sonra Arafat’a çıkarken hac için tekrar ihrama girilir ve hac eda edilir. Kırân haccı için niyet edildiğinde ise önce umre yapılır ve ihramdan çıkmadan hac eda edilir; yani umre ve hac aynı ihram içinde yerine getirilir. Bu durumda ulemânın çoğunluğuna göre umre ve haccın fiilleri (menâsik) iç içe girer ve hac ile umre için bir tavaf ve bir sa‘y yeterli olur. Hanefîler’e göre ise umre ve hac için ayrı ayrı tavaf ve sa‘y yapılması gerekir. Umre bu üç şekilden birine göre eda edildiği takdirde gerek farz gerek vâcip gerek sünnet diyenlerin büyük çoğunluğu bunu sahih ve yeterli görmektedir. Bir rivayete göre Ahmed b. Hanbel, kırân haccıyla yapılan umrenin ve Mekke’ye çok yakın olduğundan Hil bölgesi sınırından yapılan umrenin farz umre yerine geçmeyeceğini belirtmiştir. Kırân haccında yaptığı umreden sonra Hz. Peygamber’in Âişe’ye Ten‘îm’den tekrar umre yaptırması buna delil gösterilmiştir. Hanbelîler’in çoğunluğuna göre ise, “Safâ ve Merve arasında yaptığın sa‘y hem hac hem umre için yeterlidir” hadisi (Müslim, “Ḥac”, 133) ve Resûl-i Ekrem’in bu umreyi özel durumu sebebiyle Hz. Âişe’nin gönlünü almak için yaptırdığını gösteren rivayetler (Müslim, “Ḥac”, 136) delil olup kırân haccında umreyle beraber yapılan hac nasıl farz hac yerine geçiyorsa umre de aynı şekilde farz umre yerine geçer.
Vakti. Hanefîler’e göre arefe günü ve kurban bayramının dört gününde umre yapmak tahrîmen mekruhtur. Bu konuda Hanefîler, Hz. Âişe’nin bu günlerde umre yapmanın câiz olmadığına dair sözüne (Beyhakī, IV, 346), ayrıca umreyle uğraşmanın haccı engellemesi, hac sebebiyle umreyi düzgün eda etmenin zorluğu gibi gerekçelere dayanmışlardır. Çoğunluk ise hac ibadetiyle meşgul olmayan kişinin hac günlerinde umre yapabileceği ve umrenin her zaman kerâhetsiz câiz kabul edildiği görüşündedir. Hac yapan kişinin hac ihramında bulunduğu müddetçe umre ihramına niyet etmesi sahih değildir. Ramazanda yapılan umre diğer zamanlardakinden efdaldir. Hz. Peygamber, “Ramazanda umre hacca (bir rivayette benimle yapılan hacca) denktir” buyurmuştur (Buhârî, “ʿUmre”, 4; Müslim, “Ḥac”, 221-222). Hac aylarında (şevval, zilkade, zilhicce) umre yapmak Câhiliye döneminde çok kötü bir davranış sayılırken İslâmiyet bu anlayışı kaldırmıştır. Resûl-i Ekrem Hudeybiye seferi, Umretü’l-kazâ ve Huneyn Gazvesi dönüşünde hicretin 6, 7 ve 8. yıllarının zilkade aylarında üç umre yapmış, bir umre de Vedâ haccıyla birlikte eda etmiştir (Buhârî, “ʿUmre”, 3; Müslim, “Ḥac”, 217; ilgili rivayetler ve açıklaması için bk. Kandehlevî, Ḥaccetü’l-vedâʿ ve cüzʾü ʿumrâti’n-nebî ). Bununla birlikte Hz. Ömer ve bazı âlimler umrenin hac ayları dışında ayrı bir yolculuk ve niyetle eda edilmesini daha faziletli görmüştür (el-Muvaṭṭaʾ , “Ḥac”, 67; Kandehlevî, VI, 331). Câhiliye döneminde receb ayında umre makbul sayılmışsa da Hz. Peygamber’in bu yönde bir teşvik veya uygulaması olmamıştır. Resûl-i Ekrem’in receb ayında umre yaptığına ve bu ayda yapılan umrenin faziletine dair rivayetlerin hatalı, zayıf veya uydurma olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte haram ayların faziletine binaen receb ayında umre vb. ibadetlerin eda edilmesinin daha faziletli olduğunu belirten âlimler de vardır (bk. RECEB ). Hanefîler Mekkeliler’in, Mekke’de mukim olanların ve mîkāt sınırları içinde oturanların hac aylarında umre yapmasını mekruh görmüştür; çünkü ekseriyetle hac yapan Mekke ve civarı sakinleri bu durumda kendileri için mekruh sayılan temettu‘ haccı yapmış olacaktır; bunu yapanların Hanefîler’e göre ceza kurbanı kesmesi gerekir. Çoğunluğa göre ise Mekke ve civarında oturanların temettu‘ haccı yapması câizdir ve temettu‘ kurbanı kesmeleri gerekmez.
Farz (Rükün) ve Vâcipleri. Hanefîler’e göre umrenin rüknü tavaf, şartı ihram, diğer üç mezhebe göre ise rükünleri ihram, tavaf ve sa‘ydır. Şâfiîler ayrıca tıraş olmayı ve rükünler arasında sıraya uymayı da (muvâlât) rükün saymıştır. Hanefîler’e ve Hanbelî mezhebinde bir görüşe göre sa‘y rükün değil vâciptir. Tavaf ile sa‘y arasında tertibi gözetmek önce tavaf, sonra sa‘y yapmak Hanefîler’e göre umrenin geçerliliği için şarttır. a) İhram. Çoğunluğa göre umre yapmaya niyet etmekle kişi ihrama girmiş sayılır. Hanefîler’e göre niyet yanında telbiye veya Allah’ın yüceltilmesini içeren zikir ya da telbiye yerine geçen kurban sevketme yahut kurbanlık hayvanları belli şekilde işaretleme de gerekir. Ebû Hanîfe’ye ve Muhammed’e göre telbiyenin ihrama girerken yapılması şarttır. Mâlikîler’den İbn Habîb’e göre de telbiye şart olup telbiyesiz veya telbiyeye benzer bir zikir yapılmadan ihram sahih kabul edilmez. Çoğunluğa göre ise telbiye şart değildir. Mâlikîler telbiyeyi vâcip, ihrama girerken söylenmesini sünnet, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler her hâlükârda sünnet görmüşlerdir. İhrama mîkātta girmek ve ihram yasaklarından sakınmak vâciptir (ayrıca bk. İHRAM ). Mîkāt sınırları dışından gelen kimseler (âfâkî) mîkāt yerlerinden veya onların hizasından ihrama girerler. Mîkāt sınırları içinde olup Harem bölgesi dışında yaşayanlar Hanefîler’e göre Hil sınırından, Mâlikîler’e göre evinden ya da mahalle camisinden, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler’e göre köy veya kasabalarının sınırları içinde ihrama girerler. Harem bölgesinde oturan Mekkeliler ve Mekke ya da Harem bölgesinde geçici olarak ikamet edenler Harem-Hil sınırına giderek oradan ihrama girerler. Mekke ve Harem bölgesinde bulunanların ihrama girmesi konusunda Hil bölgesindeki hangi yerin daha faziletli olduğu tartışılmıştır (bk. HİL ). Hacdaki ihram yasakları umre ihramı için de geçerlidir. Erkeğin dikişli elbise, çorap vb. şeyler giymesi, başını veya yüzünü örtmesi, ayak bileklerini örten ayakkabı giymesi, kadının yüzünü örtmesi ve eldiven giymesi yasaktır. Hem erkek hem kadın için geçerli olan yasaklar şunlardır: Koku sürmek, kokulu şey kullanmak, saçtan yahut vücudun herhangi bir yerinden kıl koparmak veya kesmek, tırnak kesmek, avlanmak, cinsel ilişkide ve ona hazırlayıcı hareketlerde bulunmak, cinsel içerikli konuşmak, tartışmak. Umrenin rükün sayılan menâsiki tamamlanmadan gerçekleşen cinsel ilişki umrenin fesadı ve kazâsı yanında ceza kurbanı da gerektirir. Cinsel içerikli konuşma ile tartışma dışındaki yasakların çiğnenmesi halinde yasağın durumuna göre ceza kurbanı kesmek veya sadaka vermek icap eder. Hacda mekruh olan şeyler umrede de mekruhtur. Meselâ saçı taramak, vücuttan saç veya kıl koparmak ve süslenmek bunlardandır. İhrama girmeden önce yıkanmak, vücuda koku sürmek (elbiseye koku sürülmemelidir) ve iki rek‘at namaz kılmak sünnettir. Niyetten sonra telbiye çoğunluğa göre sünnet, Hanefîler’e göre farzdır. Umreye niyet ettikten sonra Hacerülesved’i selâmlayıp tavafa başlayıncaya kadar çokça telbiye getirmek çoğunluğa göre sünnettir. Mâlikîler’e göre âfâkî Harem bölgesine ulaşıncaya, Harem sınırından ihrama girenler ise Mekke’nin evlerini görünceye kadar telbiye getirirler.
b) Tavaf. Tavaf umrenin rükünlerindendir. Çoğunluğa göre yedi şavt farz iken Hanefîler’e göre dört şavt farz, üç şavt vâciptir. Tavafın hicr-i İsmâîl’in dışından sağdan sola doğru yapılması, hadesten ve necâsetten tahâret, avret yerlerinin örtülmesi çoğunluğa göre tavafın şartlarından, Hanefîler’e göre vâciplerindendir. Mâlikî ve Hanbelîler şavtların peş peşe yapılmasını şart, Hanefî ve Şâfiîler sünnet saymıştır. Gücü yetenin yürüyerek tavaf yapması ve tavaftan sonra iki rek‘at namaz kılması çoğunluğa göre vâcip, Şâfiîler’e göre sünnettir. Umre tavafının sünnetleri şunlardır: Erkeklerin ilk üç şavtta hızlı ve çalımlı yürümesi, sağ omuzu tavaf boyunca açık bırakması; tavafa Hacerülesved’den az önce başlamak, Hacerülesved’e yönelip selâm vermek ve mümkünse onu öpmek, mümkün değilse elleriyle işaret etmek, Rüknülyemânî’ye selâm vermek ve dua etmek. Umrede kudüm tavafı yoktur; bazı âlimler umre tavafının kudüm tavafı yerine de geçeceğini söylemiştir. Umrede vedâ tavafı Hanefîler’e göre müstehap, Mâlikîler’e göre sünnet, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler’e göre vâciptir; ancak Hanbelîler’e göre Mekke ve Harem bölgesi halkına vedâ tavafı vâcip değildir.
c) Sa‘y. Umrede sa‘y Mâlikî ve Şâfiîler’e, Ahmed b. Hanbel’den gelen bir rivayete göre rükün, Hanefîler’e ve Hanbelî mezhebinde bir görüşe göre vâciptir. Hac sa‘yinin hükümleri umre sa‘yinde de geçerlidir. Sa‘yin tavaftan sonra yapılması ve sa‘ye Safâ tepesinden başlanması şarttır; Merve tepesinden başlandığı takdirde şavt geçersizdir. Hanefîler’e göre sa‘yin dört şavtının terki ceza kurbanı, üç ve üçten az şavtın terki sadaka vermeyi gerektirir. Umrede gücü yetenin yürüyerek sa‘y yapması Hanefî ve Mâlikîler’e göre vâcip, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler’e göre sünnettir. Sa‘yin şavtlarını peş peşe eda etmek çoğunluğa göre sünnet, Mâlikîler’e göre sa‘yin sıhhat şartıdır. Sa‘ye niyet ve yeşil direkler arasında erkeklerin kısa adımlarla koşması da (hervele) sünnettir.
d) Tıraş Olmak. Şâfiî mezhebinde tercih edilen görüşe göre rükün, çoğunluğa göre ise vâciptir. Hanefîler’e göre saçın en az dörtte biri kısaltılmalı, Şâfiîler’e göre en az üç kıl kesilmeli, Mâlikî ve Hanbelîler’e göre saçın her tarafından bir miktar alınmalıdır. Saçın tamamının tıraş edilmesi daha faziletlidir; ancak temettu‘ haccı yapanlar haccın sonunda ihramdan çıkarken de tıraş olabilmek için saçının bir kısmını bırakmalıdır. Kadının saçını biraz kısaltması sünnettir; saçın tamamını kestirmesi yaratılışı bozmak sayılmış ve mekruh görülmüştür. İhram, tavaf, sa‘y ve tıraş gibi hacla umre arasındaki ortak fiillerde sünnetler aynıdır. Umrede nâfile hedy kurbanı kesilebilir. Hz. Peygamber, Hudeybiye seferinde umreye niyetlenmiş ve yanına hedy kurbanı almıştır (Buhârî, “Muḫṣar”, 1; ayrıca bk. HEDY ).
Umrenin Eda Edilişi. Umre yapmak isteyenlerden Harem ve Hil bölgesi dışından gelenler mîkāta ulaştığında ihram giymek için hazırlık yaparlar. Harem bölgesiyle mîkāt sınırları arasında kalan Hil bölgesinde oturanlar bulunduğu yerden veya Harem sınırından ihrama girerler. Mekke ya da Harem bölgesinde yaşayanlar ise Hil bölgesine çıkarak Harem sınırından ihrama girerler. İhram için hazırlık yapılırken sünnete uygun biçimde önce gusül abdesti alınır, temizlenilir ve koku sürülür; ihram elbisesi giyilir ve iki rek‘at ihram namazı kılınır. Vakit namazları da bu namazın yerine geçer. Daha sonra umreye niyet edilerek, “Allahım, ben umre yapmak istiyorum, onu bana kolaylaştır, onu benden kabul et, sen işiten ve bilensin!” (Allāhümme innî ürîdü’l-umrete feyessirhâ lî ve tekabbelhâ minnî inneke ente’s-semîu’l-alîm) vb. şekillerde dua edilir. Ardından “Lebbeyk, Allāhümme lebbeyk. Lebbeyk, lâ şerîke leke lebbeyk. İnne’l-hamde ve’n-ni‘mete leke ve’l-mülk, lâ şerîke lek” denilerek telbiye getirilir. Böylece ihrama girilmiş, umreye başlanmış, dolayısıyla ihram yasakları da başlamış olur. Mekke’ye girip tavafa başlayıncaya kadar telbiye getirmeye devam edilir. Mekke’ye ulaşınca hemen Mescid-i Harâm’a gidilir, Kâbe’ye yaklaşılır ve umrenin rüknü/farzı olan tavafa niyet edilir. Mümkünse Hacerülesved öpülerek veya uzaktan işaretle selâmlanır ve tekbir getirilir. Hacerülesved’in hizasından tavafa başlanır ve bu andan itibaren telbiye kesilir. Kâbe’nin etrafında yedi şavt dönülür, Hacerülesved’in hizasına her gelişte öperek veya işaret ederek selâmlama tekrarlanır. Tavaf sırasında çokça dua ve zikir yapılmalıdır. Tavaf bittikten sonra iki rek‘at tavaf namazı kılınır. Ardından tekrar Hacerülesved’e dönülür, öpülerek veya işaretle selâmlanır ve tekbir getirilir. Bunun arkasından Safâ tepesine çıkılır ve, “Şüphesiz Safâ ile Merve Allah’ın nişanelerindendir. Bu sebeple hac ve umre niyetiyle Kâbe’yi ziyaret edip onları tavaf edenler için bir günah yoktur. Her kim gönlünden koparak bir hayır işlerse şüphesiz Allah onu bilir ve karşılığını verir” meâlindeki âyet (el-Bakara 2/158) okunur. Safâ tepesine çıktıktan sonra Kâbe’ye yönelinir ve bir süre durarak tehlil ve tekbir getirilip dua edilir. Ardından Safâ’dan inilerek Merve tepesine doğru gidilir. Merve tepesine ulaşınca durup Safâ tepesinde yapıldığı şekilde zikir ve duada bulunulur. Böylece bir şavt tamamlanmış olur. Merve’den tekrar Safâ’ya doğru gidilir, gidiş ve gelişler yedi şavta tamamlanır. Sa‘y esnasında çokça dua ve zikir yapılır. Son şavt Merve tepesinde tamamlandıktan sonra saç tamamen veya kısmen tıraş edilir ve bu şekilde ihramdan çıkılmış olur. Mekke’den ayrılmak istendiğinde vedâ tavafı yapılır.
Umrenin Fesadı. Cinsel ilişkide bulunmak umrenin fâsid olmasına yol açar. Hanefîler’e göre tavafın dört şavtı eda edilmeden, Mâlikîler’e göre sa‘y bitmeden, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler’e göre tıraş olup ihramdan çıkmadan önce cinsel ilişkide bulunmak umreyi geçersiz kılar. Hacda olduğu gibi umrenin geçersiz olması halinde de umreye devam etmek, sonra kazâsını yapmak ve ceza ödemek gerekir. Hanefî ve Hanbelîler’e göre bu durumda ceza koyun veya keçi, Mâlikî ve Şâfiîler’e göre sığır yahut deve kesmektir. Umreyi fâsid kılmayacak ölçüde bir ilişkinin cezası da Hanefîler’e göre koyun veya keçi, Mâlikîler’e göre sığır yahut devedir. Umrenin herhangi bir rüknünün bilerek terkedilmesiyle umre fâsid olmazsa da böyle bir davranış haramdır. Dolayısıyla belli bir zamanla kayıtlı olmaksızın ilk fırsatta o rüknü eda etmek gerekir; rükün yerine getirilmeden kişi ihramdan çıkamaz ve ihram yasaklarına uymaya devam eder. Ancak zorlayıcı bir engel sebebiyle umrenin bir rüknünün yerine getirilememesi durumunda ihramdan çıkmayı mubah kılan “ihsâr” söz konusu olur. Mezheplerin ihsâr sebepleri, ihramdan çıkmanın şekli ve sonucuyla ilgili farklı görüşleri bulunmaktadır (bk. İHSÂR ). Umrenin vâciplerinden birini terketmek umrenin geçersizliğine yol açmaz, ceza kurbanı kesmeyi gerektirir. Sünnetin terki ceza gerektirmese de sevaptan mahrum olmaya yol açar.
Başkası Yerine Umre Yapmak. Hacda olduğu gibi başkası yerine (niyâbet yoluyla) umre yapmak câiz görülmüştür. Hanefîler’e göre bu umre câizdir, Mâlikîler’e göre ise mekruh olmakla birlikte sahihtir. Şâfiî ve Hanbelîler’e göre ölen veya gücü yetmeyen kişi adına umre yapmak câizdir; imkânı varken umre yapmadan ölen kişi adına onun terekesinden umre yaptırılır; kendi vasiyeti olmasa da üçüncü bir kişi onun adına umre yapabilir; gücü yetmeyen kişi adına nâfile umre yapılması da câizdir.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2012 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 42. cildinde, 150-153 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.