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VELİYYÜDDİN CÂRULLAH Skip to content (ö. 1151/1738)
Osmanlı âlimi, kadı, fakih ve mantıkçı.
1070 (1659) yılında Rumeli’nin Yenişehir kazasına bağlı bir köyde doğdu. Bazı kaynaklar doğum tarihini 1069 olarak verir. Babasının adı Mustafa, dedesinin adı Ali’dir. İlk öğrenimini köyünde tamamladı. On beş yaşında iken Yenişehir’in Eminler mahallesindeki Taşmektep’te ders okudu. Otuz iki yaşında Mekke’ye giderek orada yedi yıl kaldı ve bu sebeple “Cârullah” lakabını aldı. Kendisi, Feżâʾilü’l-cihâd adlı eserinin giriş kısmında Mescid-i Nebevî ile Mescid-i Aksâ’ya da mücâvir olduğunu söyler. Mekke’de iken seyahatlerde bulundu. Kudüs, Şam, Halep, Hama, Nablus ve Bağdat’a giderek âlimlerin derslerine katıldı. Mekke’de Nakşibendîliğin Müceddidiyye kolundan Yekdest-i Mekkî diye bilinen Ahmed Cüryânî’ye intisap etti; bundan dolayı adı Müceddidîler arasında zikredilir (Şimşek, s. 236, 237, 405). Veliyyüddin Efendi, Şerḥu Risâleti’l-ʿadl fî beyâni ḥâli’l-Ḫaḍır adlı eserinin sonunda tarikatının şeyhleri hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi verir. Burada Ahmed eş-Şirvânî en-Nakşibendî, Sofyalı Bâlî Efendi’nin müntesiplerinden ve Melâmiyye’den Ahmed Çâvuş el-Halvetî, Ahmed el-Meczûb el-Bektâşî, Şeyh es-Seyyid Ali el-Hamevî el-Kādirî, Şâtır Dede diye bilinen Şeyh Mehmed, Abdullah el-Lâhûrî ve Derviş Zülfü’nün isimleri geçmektedir. Veliyyüddin Cârullah, 1110’da (1698) İstanbul’a gelerek müderrisliğe başladı. Tuḥfetü’l-erîb adlı eserindeki ifadelerden 1128’de (1716) Fatih’teki Feyziye (Feyzullah Efendi) Medresesi’nde ders verdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Daha sonra Galata ve Edirne’de kadılık yaptı. Edirne kadılığı sırasında Fâtih Camii avlusunda Ayak Medrese yanında bir kütüphane inşa ettirdi. Cemâziyelâhir 1151’de (Eylül 1738) vefat eden Veliyyüddin Efendi yaptırdığı medresenin hazîresine defnedildi.
Veliyyüddin Cârullah, Şeyhülislâm Feyzullah Efendi’nin Fatih’teki medresesinin bir odasında bulunan 800 cilt kitabını vakfetmiş (1134/1722), 1147’de (1734) bu kitaplar, Ayak Medrese yanında Fâtih Camii avlusuna yapılan kendi kütüphanesine nakledilmiştir. Kütüphanenin daha çok Fâtih medreselerindeki talebelerin faydalanması için oluşturulduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Veliyyüddin Efendi’nin kendi kitaplarıyla birlikte topladığı çok sayıda değerli yazma da bu kütüphanede muhafaza edilmekteydi. Onun medresesine vakfettiği kitapların sayısı 2200 olup bunların hemen hemen tamamı (2194) yazma halindedir. 21 Kânunuevvel 1334 (21 Aralık 1918) tarihli bir kayıtta Veli Efendi Kütüphanesi ve kütüphane binası hakkında bazı bilgiler yer almaktadır (Kütükoğlu, s. 101-102). Osmanlı Müellifleri ’nde, kütüphane binasının depremde ağır hasar görmesi sebebiyle kitapların Kütübhâne-i Umûmî-i Osmânî’ye (Beyazıt Devlet Ktp.) nakledildiği belirtilir. Bazı kaynaklarda Veliyyüddin Cârullah, III. Mustafa dönemi şeyhülislâmlarından Veliyyüddin Efendi ile karıştırılarak kütüphanesinin Beyazıt Camii avlusunda bulunduğu kaydedilir (Hediyyetü’l-ʿârifîn , II, 501); Ziriklî de kitapların Beyazıt Camii’ne nakledildiğini yazar (el-Aʿlâm , VIII, 119). Veliyyüddin Efendi’nin kitapları önce Beyazıt Devlet Kütüphanesi’ne, daha sonra Millet Kütüphanesi’ne, 1963’te de Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde Cârullah Efendi Bölümü’ne nakledilmiştir.
Kaynaklarda Veliyyüddin Cârullah’ın çok güçlü bir hâfızaya ve yüksek bir hitabet kabiliyetine sahip, inceleme ve araştırmaya önem veren, zâhid bir kişi olduğu kaydedilir. Tefsir, hadis, fıkıh, akaid, kıraat, mantık, meânî, tasavvuf ve astronomi alanlarında çok sayıda eser telif etmiştir. Özellikle kendisinden önceki mantık metinlerini derlemiş, bunların üzerine şerh ve hâşiyeler kaleme almıştır. Bursalı Mehmed Tâhir, onun on altı eserine dair bilgi verdikten sonra birçok esere ta‘lîkātının bulunduğunu belirtir ve kendisini Osmanlı ulemâsı içinde ikinci tabakada yer alan önemli âlimler arasında sayar, bununla birlikte ulemâ arasında yeterince tanınmadığını belirtir. Cârullah Efendi’nin ayrıca kütüphanesinde mevcut kitaplar üzerine kaydettiği değerli notlara rastlanmaktadır.
Eserleri. Veliyyüddin Efendi eserlerini genellikle gençliğinde Mekke, Şam, Halep, Bağdat gibi şehirlerde bulunduğu yıllarda telif etmiş, İstanbul’a geldikten sonra bunları gözden geçirmiş, bir kısmını yeniden kaleme almıştır. Bu sebeple bazı eserlerinin nüshaları arasında farklılıklar görülmekte, bazı eserler üzerinde ise birden fazla çalışması bulunmaktadır. Eserlerinin önemli bir kısmının müellif nüshaları günümüzde Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Cârullah Efendi Bölümü’ndedir.
1. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti’l-ʿİṣâm . Sa‘deddin et-Teftâzânî’nin ʿAḳāʾidü’n-Nesefî şerhine İsâmüddin el-İsferâyînî’nin yazdığı hâşiyenin hâşiyesi olup aynı esere Akkirmânî Kefevî’nin yazdığı hâşiye ile birlikte basılmıştır (baskı yeri yok, 1274 [Dârü’t-tıbâati’l-âmire]). İsâmüddin hâşiyesinin daha sonra yapılan bir baskısında (baskı yeri yok, 1316) sayfa kenarında Kefevî’nin, sayfa altında ise Veliyyüddin Efendi’nin hâşiyesi yer alır. Ayrıca Mecmûʿatü’l-ḥavâşi’l-behiyye ʿalâ Şerḥi ʿAḳāʾidi’n-Nesefiyye adlı eser içinde İsâmüddin ve Akkirmânî’nin hâşiyeleriyle birlikte yayımlanmıştır (IV, Kahire 1329).
2. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti’l-Ḫayâlî ve’ş-şerḥ . Teftâzânî’nin ʿAḳāʾidü’n-Nesefî şerhi için Ahmed b. Mûsâ el-Hayâlî’nin kaleme aldığı hâşiyenin hâşiyesidir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1139, vr. 1-65).
3. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-Bircendî (Ḥâşiye ʿale’l-Mülaḫḫaṣ fi’l-heyʾe ve ʿalâ şerḥihî li-Ḳāḍîzâde ve ʿalâ Ḥâşiyetihî li’l-Bircendî) fî ʿilmi’l-heyʾe . Eserde, Çağmînî’nin el-Mülaḫḫaṣ fi’l-heyʾe adlı metnine Kadızâde-i Rûmî tarafından yazılan şerh ile bunun üzerine Abdülalî el-Bircendî’nin yazdığı hâşiyede açıklanması gereken yerlere notlar ilâve edilmiştir. Eserin yetmiş üç varaktan oluşan müellif müsveddesi Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’ndedir (Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1466); bu nüshadan kitabın ancak üçte birinin yazılabildiği anlaşılmaktadır.
4. Ehâdîs-i Kudsiyye Tercümesi . Eserin girişinde belirtildiğine göre kutsî hadisler Cârullah Efendi tarafından üç kısımda ele alınmış, Eyüp Camii’nin imamı el-Hâc Abdullah Efendi eserin birinci kısmını tercüme etmiştir. Bu tercümenin tesbit edilebilen tek nüshası Millet Kütüphanesi’nde kayıtlıdır (Ali Emîrî Efendi, Şer‘iyye, nr. 71). Osmanlı Müellifleri ’nde 319 kutsî hadisin toplandığı bildirilen eserin metni ve tercüme edilmeyen kısımları günümüze ulaşmamıştır.
5. es-Sebʿu’s-seyyâretü’n-nûriyye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti’l-Fevâʾidi’l-Fenâriyye li-Îsâġūcî fi’l-manṭıḳ . Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Ḳul Aḥmed ʿale’l-Fevâʾidi’l-Fenâriyye , Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḳul Aḥmed ʿale’l-Fenârî gibi isimlerle de kaydedilmiştir. Veliyyüddin Efendi eserine, Molla Fenârî’nin Îsâġūcî hâşiyesi üzerine yazılan yedinci hâşiye olduğu için es-Sebʿu’s-seyyâretü’n-nûriyye adını verdiğini belirtir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1139, 1239, 1365, 1365 [müellif hattı], 1369; Beyazıt Devlet Ktp., Veliyyüddin Efendi, nr. 2226; Akseki İlçe Halk Ktp., nr. 249).
6. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Muḥyiddîn ʿalâ Şerḥi Ḥüsâmiddîn el-Kâtî ʿalâ Îsâġūcî . Hüsâmeddin Hasan el-Kâtî’nin Îsâġūcî (Ebherî) şerhine Muhyiddin et-Tâlişî’nin yaptığı hâşiyeye ta‘lîkāttır. Veliyyüddin Efendi eserin girişinde tahsili esnasında 1098’de (1687) Kâtî’nin çalışması üzerine bazı notlar yazdığını, İstanbul’a yerleştikten sonra 1128’de (1716) bunları temize çekerek ilâveler yaptığını kaydeder. Müellif nüshası Cârullah Efendi’de bulunan (nr. 1366) esere ait farklı nüshaların içeriklerinin de farklı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1367, 1368; Beyazıt Devlet Ktp., Veliyyüddin Efendi, nr. 2227; Millî Kütüphane, nr. 225, vr. 116b -155b ). Fevâʾid celîle fî ʿibârât ḳalîle adıyla kaydedilen eser de (Süleymaniye Ktp., Giresun, nr. 16) muhtemelen bu hâşiyedir.
7. Taʿlîḳa ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-Ḥanefiyye ve Ḥâşiyeti Mîr Ebi’l-Fetḥ . Eserin müellif nüshası Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-âdâb li’l-Ḥanefî ve ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Mîr Ebi’l-Fetḥ adıyla kayıtlıdır (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1856; Kılıç Ali Paşa, nr. 877). Veliyyüddin Efendi, Mîr Ebü’l-Feth Muhammed el-Erdebîlî hâşiyesinin müellif nüshasını Şam’da edindiğini, önce üzerine notlar düştüğünü, ardından şerhine şerh, şerh ve şerhin şerhi üzerine ta‘lîkāt yazdığını ifade eder. Ayrıca eserin sonunda kendi kaynaklarını sıralar ve özellikle Seyyid Şerîf el-Cürcânî ile İsâmüddin el-İsferâyînî’yi esas aldığını belirtir.
8. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ şerḥi’l-Maḳāṣıd li-Teftâzânî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1172). Teftâzânî’nin eserine Fenârî tarafından yapılan tahkikle bazı ta‘lîkātın toplanmasıyla telif edilmiştir. Bağdatlı İsmâil Paşa bu eseri Şerḥu Maḳāṣıdi’ṭ-ṭâlibîn fi’l-uṣûl adıyla zikreder ve Ebü’l-Abbas Ahmed b. Muhammed ed-Delâî el-Mağribî tarafından şerhedildiğini söyler (Îżâḥu’l-meknûn , II, 531-532).
9. Şerḥu Risâleti’l-ʿadl fî beyâni ḥâli’l-Ḫaḍır ʿaleyhisselâm (Şerḥu’l-Ḳaṣîdeti’l-Ḫaḍıriyye) li-Nuʿmân Paşa . Sultan III. Ahmed döneminde reîsületıbbâ olan Yenibahçeli Mehmed Efendi, Köprülüzâde Nûman Paşa’nın risâlesine bazı itirazlarda bulunmuş, Veliyyüddin Efendi de buna reddiye mahiyetinde bir hâşiye kaleme almış (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1699, vr. 143-171), daha sonra öğrencilerinin isteği üzerine aynı esere bir de şerh yazmıştır. Müellif eserin sonunda kendilerinden tarikat ahzettiği kişileri sıralar ve haklarında bilgi verir; ayrıca Hz. Peygamber’le ilgili bir rüyasından bahseder (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1699, 1957, Yazma Bağışlar, nr. 1957; Köprülü Ktp., Köprülü Ahmed Paşa, nr. 122, vr. 41-190 [vr. 1-40, Nûman Paşa’nın risâlesidir]; ayrıca Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde [Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1700] Nûman Paşa’nın eserinin kenarında Veliyyüddin’e ait ta‘lîkāt mevcuttur).
10. el-Fevâʾidü’n-nûriyye ʿale’l-âdâbi’l-Ḥüseyniyye (Ḥâşiye ʿale’l-Ḥüseyniyye , Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-âdâbi’l-Ḥüseyniyye ). Muhammed b. Eşref el-Hüseynî es-Semerkandî’nin Âdâbü’l-baḥs̱ adlı eserine hâşiyedir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1862, 1864, Fâtih, nr. 4703, Kılıç Ali Paşa, nr. 885; Akşehir İlçe Halk Ktp., nr. 271).
11. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-Âdâb li-Ṭaşköprizâde (Ḥâşiyetü Şerḥi Taşköprizâde fi’l-Âdâb ) (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1864, vr. 1-41; Süleymaniye, nr. 909). Müellif hâşiyeyi ayrıca ihtisar etmiştir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1863, vr. 1-24). Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde kayıtlı (Fâtih, nr. 4714) Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Âdâbi Taşköprizâde ’nin Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti’l-ʿİṣâm olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
12. Feżâʾilü’l-cihâd (Kitâbü’l-Cihâd) . 107 babdan meydana gelen otuz dört varaklık eserin girişinde kaynaklar remizleriyle birlikte kaydedilmiştir; müellif Gazi Ali Paşa’ya takdim ettiği eserini Şam’da cemettiğini ve İstanbul’a geldiğinde temize çektiğini söyler (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 396, müellif nüshası).
13. Şerḥu Âdâbi’l-Birgivî (eż-Żiyâʾü’l-maʿnevî ʿalâ Âdâbi’l-Birgivî) . Birgivî’nin Âdâbü’l-baḥs̱ adlı eserinin şerhidir; Veliyyüddin Efendi’nin eser üzerine kaleme aldığı büyük, orta ve küçük üç şerh aynı cilt içinde bulunmaktadır (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1867, vr. 1-12; vr. 13-18; vr. 18-25).
14. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi Ḥikmeti’l-ʿayn . Muhammed b. Mübârekşah el-Buhârî’nin mantığa dair eseri üzerine yazılmış hâşiyedir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1854, vr. 41-50).
15. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Câmiʿi’r-rumûz . Kûhistânî’nin Hanefî fıkhına dair Câmiʿu’r-rumûz fî şerḥi’n-Nuḳāye isimli eserinin hâşiyesidir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1361, vr. 28-59).
16. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi Ciheti’l-vaḥde . Veliyyüddin Efendi, Sadreddinzâde Şirvânî’ye ait eser üzerine yapılmış hâşiyelerin hatalı olduğunu görmüş, kendisi önce bir ta‘lîkāt kaleme almış, daha sonra hâşiyesini yazmıştır (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1361, vr. 1-26’da ta‘lîkātın, nr. 1360 ve 1362’de hâşiyenin nüshaları mevcuttur).
17. Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi Risâleti’l-istiʿâre (Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Şerḥi ʿİṣâmiddîn ʿale’r-Risâle fi’l-istiʿâre) . Ebü’l-Kāsım es-Semerkandî’nin Risâletü’l-istiʿârât adlı eserine İsâmüddin el-İsferâyînî tarafından yapılan şerhin hâşiyesidir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1854, vr. 1-40 [müellif nüshası]; nr. 1700, vr. 49-168).
18. Mecmûʿatü’l-ḥavâşî ʿale’l-İşârât . Nasîrüddîn-i Tûsî’nin İbn Sînâ’nın el-İşârât ve’t-tenbîhât adlı eseri için kaleme aldığı Şerḥu’l-İşârât etrafında Kutbüddîn-i Şîrâzî ve Burhâneddin tarafından yazılanların toplandığı bir eserdir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1347).
19. Şerḥu’l-Âdâb li-Sinâniddîn el-Kencî . Sinâneddin Yûsuf el-Kencî’nin (Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn , I, 41) Risâletü’l-âdâb ’ının şerhi olup Veliyyüddin Efendi eseri ilk defa kendisinin şerhettiğini kaydeder (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1700, vr. 16-49).
20. Tuḥfetü’l-erîb . Âyana izâfe edilen tahrîmin icmâli gerektirip gerektirmediğine dair Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin Mefâtîḥu’l-ġayb adlı eserindeki tartışma üzerine kaleme alınmış bir risâledir (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1678; Risâle fî taḥḳīḳi’l-meẕâhib fi’l-ḥürmeti’l-mużâfe ile’l-aʿyân adıyla, Süleymaniye Ktp., Yazma Bağışlar, nr. 1958).
Veliyyüddin Cârullah’ın diğer eserleri de şunlardır: el-Furḳān fî ḳırâʾati’l-Ḳurʾân (ve iʿrâbih ve terâcimi ḳurrâʾih) (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 16, 17; Osmanlı Müellifleri ’nde ayrıca zikredilen İʿrâbü’l-Ḳurʾân ’ın el-Furḳān ile aynı eser olması muhtemeldir); Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi Âdâbi’l-Mesʿûdî (Ḥâşiye ʿale’ş-Şerḥi’l-Mesʿûdî fi’l-âdâb ve ʿalâ ḥâşiyetih ve ʿalâ ḥâşiyeti’l-ḥâşiye) (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1861 [müellif nüshası]); Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi’l-Hidâye fi’l-ḥikme li-Ḳāḍî Mîr ve ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti Muṣliḥiddîn el-Lârî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1296); Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Ḥâşiyeti’l-ʿİṣâm ʿalâ Tefsîri’l-Beyżâvî (Süleymaniye Ktp., Fâtih, nr. 5355; Yazma Bağışlar, nr. 1961, vr. 6-20; eserin başında müellifin Halep’teki Atabek Medresesi müderrisi Sâlih’in Veliyyüddin Efendi için yazdığı bir methiye mevcuttur, vr. 1-4); Ḥâşiye ʿalâ Şerḥi Âdâbi’l-Birgivî li-Ḳazâbâdî li-Cârillâh (Birgivî’nin eserine yazdığı şerhlerin sonunda yer alır [Süleymaniye Ktp., Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1867, vr. 25-29]); Risâle fi’l-ḳıyâsi’l-müştemil ʿale’l-maḳālâti’s̱-s̱elâs̱e (Süleymaniye Ktp., Yazma Bağışlar, nr. 1953).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Veliyyüddin Cârullah, Bernâmecü ḳırâʾât (nşr. Ahmed Abdülmecîd Herîdî, AIsl. , sy. 16 [1980] içinde), s. 6-60, ayrıca bk. neşredenin girişi, s. 1-6.
Sicill-i Osmânî , IV, 613.
Osmanlı Müellifleri , I, 267.
Bursalı Mehmed Tâhir, “Terâcim-i Ahvâl: Cârullah Veliyyüddin Efendi”, SM , V/129 (1326), s. 410-411.
Îżâḥu’l-meknûn , II, 3, 531-532.
Hediyyetü’l-ʿârifîn , II, 501.
Kehhâle, Muʿcemü’l-müʾellifîn , XIII, 168.
Uzunçarşılı, İlmiye Teşkilâtı , s. 237.
Mübahat S. Kütükoğlu, Dârü’l-hilâfeti’l-aliyye Medresesi ve Kuruluşu Arefesinde İstanbul Medreseleri , İstanbul 1978, s. 101-102.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2013 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 43. cildinde, 38-40 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.