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XVI. YÜZYILDA KÜTAHYA SANCAĞI’NDA AHİLER VE AHİ ZAVİYELERİ Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 110, 227 – 246, 24.06.2024
Burcu Akbulut
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1454977
Öz Kütahya is one of the important cities where the Akhis have been active since the Anatolian Selçuk and Germiyanoğulları Principality period. Examining the activities of the Ahi, who build lodges from cities to villages an deven hamlets since the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, in the mentioned region is very important for Ottoman urban history. Although they have come to the fore with their commercial activities lately, the share of the Akhis in the development of the region, who penetrated to the remotest corners of Anatolia and built Dervish lodges, cannot be denied. While the Akhi were busy with the moral religious upbringing of the tradesmen in the dervish lodges theyestablished, on the other hand, they provided services such as hosting the passengers coming to their dervish lodges offering food, sheltering the members of the dervish lodges and helping the poor. In this context, the existence of the dervish lodges they established in many parts of Anatolia reveals how important the organization is for our cultural history. Starting from this point, the effects of the dervish lodges, foundations, farms, mosque and settlements called Akhis belonging to the Ahi in the Kütahya sanjak on social and economic life constitute the subject of our study.
Anahtar Kelimeler Ahi, Dervish Lodges, Foundation, Farm, Mosque
Kaynakça Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) Tahrir Defterleri (TD): 45, 49, 369 Maliyeden Müdevver Defterler (MAD): 262, 617 Cevdet Tasnifi (C. EV): 531, 91, 525, 73, 242 Kütahya Şeriyye Sicilleri (KŞS): 6294, 6298, 6302 Mühimme Defterleri (MD): 91, 96 Anadolu Ahkâm Defterleri (AAD): 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 13 Müteferrik Vesikalar: İE, EV, nr. 34 Kuyud-ı Kadime Arşivi (KKA): 47, 48, 158 Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi (VGMA): 189 Akdağ, Mustafa, Türkiye’nin İktisadî ve İçtimai Tarihî, İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2010. Akgündüz, Ahmet, “Osmanlı Hukukunda Vakıflar, Hükümleri ve Çeşitleri”, Ankara, Türkler C. 10, 2002, ss. 447 – 460. Avcı, Casim, “Şeyh”, İstanbul, DİA, C. 39, 2010, ss. 49. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, “Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskân ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Vakıflar ve Temlikler İstilâ Devirlerinin Kolonizatör Türk Dervişleri ve Zaviyeleri”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 2, 1942, ss. 279 – 304. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, “Çiftlik”, İA, C. 3, 1992, ss. 392-397. Ayhan, Betül, 16 Yüzyıl Zaviye Vakıflarına Göre Kütahya, Kütahya, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020. Başol, Samettin, Kentleşme, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Hayat Yönleriyle XVII. Yüzyıl Bursa Vakıfları, Ankara, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2008. Bayram, Mikail, Ahi Evran Tasavvufi Düşüncenin Esasları, Ankara, Diyanet Vakfı Yay., 2006. Bayram, Mikail, Fatma Bacı ve Bacıyan-ı Rum, İstanbul, Nüve Kültür Merkezi Yay., 2008. Binark, İsmet, Vakıf Medeniyeti, İstanbul, Zahir Yay., 2015. Cour, A. “Şeyh”,İstanbul, İA, C. 9, 1979, ss. 461 – 462. Çağatay,Neşet, Ahilik Nedir, Ankara, Kültür Bakanlığı Halk Kültürünü Araştırma Dairesi Yay., 1990. Çağatay,Neşet, Bir Türk Kurumu Olan Ahilik,Ankara, TTK Yay., 1989. Demir, Mustafa, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kuruluş Döneminde Yerleşim Yapısı ve Şehirleşme”, Ankara, Osmanlı, C. 4, 1999, ss. 98 – 102. Döğüş, Selahattin, “Osmanlı Beyliği Topraklarında Ahi Zaviyeleri ve Şeyh Edebali Meselesi, Ankara, OTAM, S. 37, 2015, ss. 61 – 86. Ebu Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battûta Tancî, İbn Battûta Seyahatnâmesi, İstanbul, C. 1, çev. A. Sait Aykut, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2000. Ebu Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battûta Tancî, İbn Battûta Seyahatnamesi’nden Seçmeler, Ankara, haz. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu, T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Yay., 1999. Erdoğru, Mehmet Akif, “Anadolu’da Ahiler ve Ahi Zaviyeleri”, İzmir, Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, S. 4, 2000, ss. 37 – 55. Erol, Sevgi Işık, Osmanlı Devleti’nde Çalışma Hayatı ve Sosyal Güvenlik Açısından Ahilik Teşkilatı, Bursa, Ekin Yay., 2017. Faroqhi, Suraıya, Anadolu’da Bektaşilik,İstanbul Alfa Yay., 2013. Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki, “İslam ve Türk İllerinde Fütüvvet Teşkilatı ve Kaynakları”, İstanbul, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, C. 2, S. 11 / 1 – 4, 1950, ss. 3 – 354. Gülerman, Taştekil, Adnan – Sevda, Ahi Teşkilatının Türk Toplumunun Sosyal ve Ekonomik Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkileri,Ankara, Kültür Bakanlığı Halk Kültürlerini Araştırma ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü Yay., 1993. Halaçoğlu, Yusuf, XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İskân Siyaseti ve Aşiretlerin Yerleştirilmesi,Ankara, TTK Yay., 1991. İnalcık, Halil, “Çiftlik”, İstanbul, DİA, C. 8, 1993, s. 313 – 314. İnalcık, Halil, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağ (1300-1600),İstanbul, çev. Ruşen Sezer, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2009. Kara, Mustafa, Din Hayat Sanat Açısından Tekkeler ve Zaviyeler, İstanbul, Dergâh Yay., 2015. Kazıcı, Ziya, Osmanlı Vakıf Medeniyeti, İstanbul, Bilge Yay., 2003. Köprülü, M. Fuat, “Vakıf Müessesesin Hukukî Mahiyeti ve Tarihî Tekâmülü”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 2, 1942, ss. 1 – 35. Köprülü, M. Fuat, İslâm ve Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları ve Vakıf Müessesesi, Ankara, Akçağ Yay., 2005. Köprülü, M. Fuat, Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar,İstanbul, Alfa Yay., 2014. Maden, Fahri, “Kırşehir Şeriyye Sicillerinde Ahi Evran ve Ahi Mesut Zaviyeleri”, Kırşehir, Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, S. 76, 2015, ss. 133 – 146. Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, “Zaviyeler”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 12, 1978, ss. 254 – 256. Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, Faroqhi, Suraiya, “Zaviye”, İstanbul, İA, C. 13, 1964, ss. 468 – 476. Özdemir, Rıfat, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Tarikat, Tekke ve Zaviyelere Karşı Takip Ettiği Siyaset”, Ankara, OTAM, S. 5, 1994, ss. 259 – 310. Ahmet Tabakoğlu, “Öşür”, T.D.V.İ.A.,C. 34, 2007, ss. 100-103 Tosun, Sevilay, “Alaiyeli Ebubekir Paşa ve Vakıfları”, Sivas, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2003. Yakupoğlu, Cevdet, “Germiyanoğlu Muhitinde Ahiler ve Ahi Zaviyeleri”, Turkish Studies, S. 4/3, 2009, ss. 2264-2285. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, “Vakıf”,İstanbul, İA, C. 13, 1986, ss. 153 – 172. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, “XVII. Asır Türk Vakıflarının İktisadi Boyutu”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 18, 1984, ss. 5 – 41. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, XVIII. Yüzyılda Türkiye’de Vakıf Müessesesi, Ankara, TTK Yay., 2003. Zeyrek, Özlem Soyer, XVIII. Yüzyılda Kütahya Vakıflarının Sosyal ve Ekonomik Hayata Katkıları, Afyonkarahisar, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2015.
XVI. YÜZYILDA KÜTAHYA SANCAĞI’NDA AHİLER VE AHİ ZAVİYELERİ Yıl 2024, Sayı: 110, 227 – 246, 24.06.2024
Burcu Akbulut
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1454977
Öz Kütahya, Anadolu Selçukluları ve Germiyanoğulları Beyliği döneminden itibaren Ahilerin faaliyet gösterdikleri önemli şehirlerden biridir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluş döneminden itibaren şehirlerden köylere hatta mezralara kadar zaviyeler inşa eden Ahilerin adı geçen bölgedeki faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi Osmanlı şehir tarihi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Son zamanlarda her ne kadar ticari faaliyetleriyle ön plana çıksalar da Anadolu’nun en ücra köşelerine kadar nüfuz ederek zaviyeler inşa eden Ahilerin bölgenin gelişimindeki payı yadsınamaz. Ahiler, kurdukları zaviyelerde bir yandan esnafın ahlaki ve dini terbiyesiyle meşgul iken öte yandan da zaviyelere gelen yolcuları ağırlama, yemek ikramı, zaviye mensuplarını barındırma ile fakir kimselere yardımcı olma gibi çeşitli hizmetlerde bulunmuşlardır. İlgili bağlamda Anadolu’nun pek çok bölgesinde kurmuş oldukları zaviyelerin varlığı, teşkilatın kültür tarihi açısından ne denli önemli olduğunu gözler önüne sermektedir. İşte buradan yola çıkarak Kütahya sancağındaki Ahilere ait vakıf, zaviye, mescit, çiftlik ve de ahi ismiyle anılan yerleşim yerlerinin sosyal ve iktisadi hayattaki etkileri çalışmamızın konusunu teşkil etmektedir
Anahtar Kelimeler Ahi, Zaviye, Vakıf, Çiftlik, Mescit
Kaynakça Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) Tahrir Defterleri (TD): 45, 49, 369 Maliyeden Müdevver Defterler (MAD): 262, 617 Cevdet Tasnifi (C. EV): 531, 91, 525, 73, 242 Kütahya Şeriyye Sicilleri (KŞS): 6294, 6298, 6302 Mühimme Defterleri (MD): 91, 96 Anadolu Ahkâm Defterleri (AAD): 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 13 Müteferrik Vesikalar: İE, EV, nr. 34 Kuyud-ı Kadime Arşivi (KKA): 47, 48, 158 Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi (VGMA): 189 Akdağ, Mustafa, Türkiye’nin İktisadî ve İçtimai Tarihî, İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2010. Akgündüz, Ahmet, “Osmanlı Hukukunda Vakıflar, Hükümleri ve Çeşitleri”, Ankara, Türkler C. 10, 2002, ss. 447 – 460. Avcı, Casim, “Şeyh”, İstanbul, DİA, C. 39, 2010, ss. 49. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, “Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskân ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Vakıflar ve Temlikler İstilâ Devirlerinin Kolonizatör Türk Dervişleri ve Zaviyeleri”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 2, 1942, ss. 279 – 304. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, “Çiftlik”, İA, C. 3, 1992, ss. 392-397. Ayhan, Betül, 16 Yüzyıl Zaviye Vakıflarına Göre Kütahya, Kütahya, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020. Başol, Samettin, Kentleşme, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Hayat Yönleriyle XVII. Yüzyıl Bursa Vakıfları, Ankara, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2008. Bayram, Mikail, Ahi Evran Tasavvufi Düşüncenin Esasları, Ankara, Diyanet Vakfı Yay., 2006. Bayram, Mikail, Fatma Bacı ve Bacıyan-ı Rum, İstanbul, Nüve Kültür Merkezi Yay., 2008. Binark, İsmet, Vakıf Medeniyeti, İstanbul, Zahir Yay., 2015. Cour, A. “Şeyh”,İstanbul, İA, C. 9, 1979, ss. 461 – 462. Çağatay,Neşet, Ahilik Nedir, Ankara, Kültür Bakanlığı Halk Kültürünü Araştırma Dairesi Yay., 1990. Çağatay,Neşet, Bir Türk Kurumu Olan Ahilik,Ankara, TTK Yay., 1989. Demir, Mustafa, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kuruluş Döneminde Yerleşim Yapısı ve Şehirleşme”, Ankara, Osmanlı, C. 4, 1999, ss. 98 – 102. Döğüş, Selahattin, “Osmanlı Beyliği Topraklarında Ahi Zaviyeleri ve Şeyh Edebali Meselesi, Ankara, OTAM, S. 37, 2015, ss. 61 – 86. Ebu Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battûta Tancî, İbn Battûta Seyahatnâmesi, İstanbul, C. 1, çev. A. Sait Aykut, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2000. Ebu Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battûta Tancî, İbn Battûta Seyahatnamesi’nden Seçmeler, Ankara, haz. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu, T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Yay., 1999. Erdoğru, Mehmet Akif, “Anadolu’da Ahiler ve Ahi Zaviyeleri”, İzmir, Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, S. 4, 2000, ss. 37 – 55. Erol, Sevgi Işık, Osmanlı Devleti’nde Çalışma Hayatı ve Sosyal Güvenlik Açısından Ahilik Teşkilatı, Bursa, Ekin Yay., 2017. Faroqhi, Suraıya, Anadolu’da Bektaşilik,İstanbul Alfa Yay., 2013. Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâki, “İslam ve Türk İllerinde Fütüvvet Teşkilatı ve Kaynakları”, İstanbul, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, C. 2, S. 11 / 1 – 4, 1950, ss. 3 – 354. Gülerman, Taştekil, Adnan – Sevda, Ahi Teşkilatının Türk Toplumunun Sosyal ve Ekonomik Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkileri,Ankara, Kültür Bakanlığı Halk Kültürlerini Araştırma ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü Yay., 1993. Halaçoğlu, Yusuf, XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İskân Siyaseti ve Aşiretlerin Yerleştirilmesi,Ankara, TTK Yay., 1991. İnalcık, Halil, “Çiftlik”, İstanbul, DİA, C. 8, 1993, s. 313 – 314. İnalcık, Halil, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağ (1300-1600),İstanbul, çev. Ruşen Sezer, Yapı Kredi Yay., 2009. Kara, Mustafa, Din Hayat Sanat Açısından Tekkeler ve Zaviyeler, İstanbul, Dergâh Yay., 2015. Kazıcı, Ziya, Osmanlı Vakıf Medeniyeti, İstanbul, Bilge Yay., 2003. Köprülü, M. Fuat, “Vakıf Müessesesin Hukukî Mahiyeti ve Tarihî Tekâmülü”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 2, 1942, ss. 1 – 35. Köprülü, M. Fuat, İslâm ve Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları ve Vakıf Müessesesi, Ankara, Akçağ Yay., 2005. Köprülü, M. Fuat, Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar,İstanbul, Alfa Yay., 2014. Maden, Fahri, “Kırşehir Şeriyye Sicillerinde Ahi Evran ve Ahi Mesut Zaviyeleri”, Kırşehir, Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, S. 76, 2015, ss. 133 – 146. Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, “Zaviyeler”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 12, 1978, ss. 254 – 256. Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, Faroqhi, Suraiya, “Zaviye”, İstanbul, İA, C. 13, 1964, ss. 468 – 476. Özdemir, Rıfat, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Tarikat, Tekke ve Zaviyelere Karşı Takip Ettiği Siyaset”, Ankara, OTAM, S. 5, 1994, ss. 259 – 310. Ahmet Tabakoğlu, “Öşür”, T.D.V.İ.A.,C. 34, 2007, ss. 100-103 Tosun, Sevilay, “Alaiyeli Ebubekir Paşa ve Vakıfları”, Sivas, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2003. Yakupoğlu, Cevdet, “Germiyanoğlu Muhitinde Ahiler ve Ahi Zaviyeleri”, Turkish Studies, S. 4/3, 2009, ss. 2264-2285. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, “Vakıf”,İstanbul, İA, C. 13, 1986, ss. 153 – 172. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, “XVII. Asır Türk Vakıflarının İktisadi Boyutu”, Ankara, Vakıflar Dergisi, S. 18, 1984, ss. 5 – 41. Yediyıldız, Bahaeddin, XVIII. Yüzyılda Türkiye’de Vakıf Müessesesi, Ankara, TTK Yay., 2003. Zeyrek, Özlem Soyer, XVIII. Yüzyılda Kütahya Vakıflarının Sosyal ve Ekonomik Hayata Katkıları, Afyonkarahisar, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2015. Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Burcu Akbulut Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0002-1229-8188 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 110
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Akbulut, Burcu. “XVI. YÜZYILDA KÜTAHYA SANCAĞI’NDA AHİLER VE AHİ ZAVİYELERİ”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 110 (Haziran 2024), 227-246. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1454977.
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